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1. The Winchcombe meteorite, a unique and pristine witness from the outer solar system

Author

King, Ashley J, Daly, Luke, Rowe, James, Joy, Katherine H, Greenwood, Richard C, Devillepoix, Hadrien AR, Suttle, Martin D, Chan, Queenie HS, Russell, Sara S, Bates, Helena C, Bryson, James FJ, Clay, Patricia L, Vida, Denis, Lee, Martin R, O'Brien, Áine, Hallis, Lydia J, Stephen, Natasha R, Tartèse, Romain, Sansom, Eleanor K, Towner, Martin C, Cupak, Martin, Shober, Patrick M, Bland, Phil A, Findlay, Ross, Franchi, Ian A, Verchovsky, Alexander B, Abernethy, Feargus AJ, Grady, Monica M, Floyd, Cameron J, Van Ginneken, Matthias, Bridges, John, Hicks, Leon J, Jones, Rhian H, Mitchell, Jennifer T, Genge, Matthew J, Jenkins, Laura, Martin, Pierre-Etienne, Sephton, Mark A, Watson, Jonathan S, Salge, Tobias, Shirley, Katherine A, Curtis, Rowan J, Warren, Tristram J, Bowles, Neil E, Stuart, Finlay M, Di Nicola, Luigia, Györe, Domokos, Boyce, Adrian J, Shaw, Kathryn MM, Elliott, Tim, Steele, Robert CJ, Povinec, Pavel, Laubenstein, Matthias, Sanderson, David, Cresswell, Alan, Jull, Anthony JT, Sýkora, Ivan, Sridhar, Sanjana, Harrison, Richard J, Willcocks, Francesca M, Harrison, Catherine S, Hallatt, Daniel, Wozniakiewicz, Penny J, Burchell, Mark J, Alesbrook, Luke S, Dignam, Aishling, Almeida, Natasha V, Smith, Caroline L, Clark, Brett, Humphreys-Williams, Emma R, Schofield, Paul F, Cornwell, Luke T, Spathis, Vassilia, Morgan, Geraint H, Perkins, Mark J, Kacerek, Richard, Campbell-Burns, Peter, Colas, Francois, Zanda, Brigitte, Vernazza, Pierre, Bouley, Sylvain, Jeanne, Simon, Hankey, Mike, Collins, Gareth S, Young, John S, Shaw, Clive, Horak, Jana, Jones, Dave, James, Nick, Bosley, Steve, Shuttleworth, Alan, Dickinson, Paul, McMullan, Ian, Robson, Derek, Smedley, Andrew RD, Stanley, Ben, Bassom, Richard, McIntyre, Mark, Suttle, Adam A, Fleet, Richard, Bastiaens, Luc, Ihász, Míra B, McMullan, Sarah, Boazman, Sarah J, Dickeson, Zach I, Grindrod, Peter M, Pickersgill, Annemarie E, Weir, Colin J, Suttle, Fiona M, Farrelly, Sarah, Spencer, Ieun, Naqvi, Sheeraz, Mayne, Ben, Skilton, Dan, Kirk, Dan, Mounsey, Ann, Mounsey, Sally E, Mounsey, Sarah, Godfrey, Pamela, Bond, Lachlan, Bond, Victoria, Wilcock, Cathryn, Wilcock, Hannah, Wilcock, Rob, King, Ashley J [0000-0001-6113-5417], Daly, Luke [0000-0002-7150-4092], Joy, Katherine H [0000-0003-4992-8750], Greenwood, Richard C [0000-0002-5544-8027], Devillepoix, Hadrien AR [0000-0001-9226-1870], Suttle, Martin D [0000-0001-7165-2215], Chan, Queenie HS [0000-0001-7205-8699], Russell, Sara S [0000-0001-5531-7847], Bates, Helena C [0000-0002-0469-9483], Bryson, James FJ [0000-0002-5675-8545], Vida, Denis [0000-0003-4166-8704], Lee, Martin R [0000-0002-6004-3622], O'Brien, Áine [0000-0002-2591-7902], Hallis, Lydia J [0000-0001-6455-8415], Stephen, Natasha R [0000-0003-3952-922X], Tartèse, Romain [0000-0002-3490-9875], Sansom, Eleanor K [0000-0003-2702-673X], Towner, Martin C [0000-0002-8240-4150], Cupak, Martin [0000-0003-2193-0867], Shober, Patrick M [0000-0003-4766-2098], Bland, Phil A [0000-0002-4681-7898], Findlay, Ross [0000-0001-7794-1819], Franchi, Ian A [0000-0003-4151-0480], Verchovsky, Alexander B [0000-0002-3532-5003], Abernethy, Feargus AJ [0000-0001-7210-3058], Grady, Monica M [0000-0002-4055-533X], Floyd, Cameron J [0000-0001-5986-491X], Van Ginneken, Matthias [0000-0002-2508-7021], Bridges, John [0000-0002-9579-5779], Hicks, Leon J [0000-0002-2464-0948], Jones, Rhian H [0000-0001-8238-9379], Mitchell, Jennifer T [0000-0002-5922-2463], Genge, Matthew J [0000-0002-9528-5971], Jenkins, Laura [0000-0003-0886-8667], Martin, Pierre-Etienne [0000-0003-1848-9695], Sephton, Mark A [0000-0002-2190-5402], Watson, Jonathan S [0000-0003-0354-1729], Salge, Tobias [0000-0002-4414-4917], Shirley, Katherine A [0000-0003-0669-7497], Curtis, Rowan J [0000-0002-9554-3053], Warren, Tristram J [0000-0003-3877-0046], Bowles, Neil E [0000-0001-5400-1461], Stuart, Finlay M [0000-0002-6395-7868], Di Nicola, Luigia [0000-0002-7596-474X], Györe, Domokos [0000-0003-4438-8361], Boyce, Adrian J [0000-0002-9680-0787], Shaw, Kathryn MM [0000-0002-3847-9382], Elliott, Tim [0000-0002-0984-0191], Steele, Robert CJ [0000-0003-1406-6855], Povinec, Pavel [0000-0003-0275-794X], Laubenstein, Matthias [0000-0001-5390-4343], Sanderson, David [0000-0002-9615-4412], Cresswell, Alan [0000-0002-5100-8075], Jull, Anthony JT [0000-0002-4079-4947], Sýkora, Ivan [0000-0003-3447-5621], Sridhar, Sanjana [0000-0003-1179-2093], Harrison, Richard J [0000-0003-3469-762X], Willcocks, Francesca M [0000-0002-3726-0258], Hallatt, Daniel [0000-0002-4426-9891], Wozniakiewicz, Penny J [0000-0002-1441-4883], Burchell, Mark J [0000-0002-2680-8943], Alesbrook, Luke S [0000-0001-9892-281X], Dignam, Aishling [0000-0001-5408-9061], Almeida, Natasha V [0000-0003-4871-8225], Smith, Caroline L [0000-0001-7005-6470], Humphreys-Williams, Emma R [0000-0002-1397-5785], Schofield, Paul F [0000-0003-0902-0588], Cornwell, Luke T [0000-0003-1428-2160], Spathis, Vassilia [0000-0002-5745-4383], Morgan, Geraint H [0000-0002-7580-6880], Campbell-Burns, Peter [0000-0001-8544-728X], Zanda, Brigitte [0000-0002-4210-7151], Vernazza, Pierre [0000-0002-2564-6743], Bouley, Sylvain [0000-0003-0377-5517], Collins, Gareth S [0000-0002-6087-6149], Young, John S [0000-0001-6583-7643], Horak, Jana [0000-0002-0492-2235], Jones, Dave [0000-0002-7215-0521], Bosley, Steve [0000-0002-9478-8518], Dickinson, Paul [0000-0003-0078-0919], McMullan, Ian [0000-0002-5579-8115], Robson, Derek [0000-0001-7807-9853], Smedley, Andrew RD [0000-0001-7137-6628], McIntyre, Mark [0000-0002-5769-4280], Suttle, Adam A [0000-0002-6075-976X], Fleet, Richard [0000-0002-8366-7673], McMullan, Sarah [0000-0002-7194-6317], Boazman, Sarah J [0000-0003-4694-0818], Dickeson, Zach I [0000-0001-9116-2571], Grindrod, Peter M [0000-0002-0934-5131], Pickersgill, Annemarie E [0000-0001-5452-2849], Suttle, Fiona M [0000-0003-1970-0034], Wilcock, Cathryn [0000-0001-7731-2860], Wilcock, Hannah [0000-0002-1043-2267], Wilcock, Rob [0000-0001-8977-7956], Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository, Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC), and University of St Andrews. School of Earth & Environmental Sciences

Subjects
MCC, QC Physics, Multidisciplinary, 5101 Astronomical Sciences, NDAS, QB Astronomy, 37 Earth Sciences, 3705 Geology, 5109 Space Sciences, 51 Physical Sciences, QC, QB
Abstract

Funding: This study was supported by urgency funding from the U.K.’s Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC) as part of the project “Curation and Preliminary Examination of the Winchcombe Carbonaceous Chondrite Fall.” Additional work was funded by STFC through grants ST/N000846/1, ST/T002328/1, ST/T506096/1, and ST/W001128/1 (to L.D., M.R.L., and L.J.Ha.); ST/V000675/1 (to K.H.J. and R.H.J.); ST/P005225/1 (to R.T.); ST/S000348/1 (to M.V.G., P.J.W., and M.J.B.); ST/R00143X/1 (to J.B. and L.J.Hi.); ST/S000615/1 (to G.S.C.); ST/V000799/1 (to P.G.); and ST/V000888/1 (to T.E.). A.J.K. and H.C.B. acknowledge funding support from UK Research and Innovation (UKRI) grant MR/T020261/1. P.L.C. acknowledges funding support from UKRI grant MR/S03465X/1. K.H.J. acknowledges funding support from the Royal Society, grant URF\R\201009. L.J.Ha. and M.R.L. acknowledge funding from Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) National Environmental Isotope Facility (NEIF) grant no. 2406.0321. L.D., M.R.L., and L.J.Ha. acknowledge COVID-19 funding support from the University of Glasgow, UK. D.V. was supported in part by NASA cooperative agreement 80NSSC21M0073. P.P. and I.Sy. acknowledge funding from the VEGA agency, project no.1/0421/20. A.J.T.J. acknowledges support from the European Union and the State of Hungary, cofinanced by the European Regional Development Fund in the project of GINOP-2.3.2-15-2016-00009 “ICER.” P.M.S. acknowledges support from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement no. 945298. FRIPON was initiated by funding from ANR (grant N.13-BS05-0009-03), carried out by the Paris Observatory, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris-Saclay University, and Institut Pythéas (LAM-CEREGE). FRIPON data are hosted and processed at Institut Pythéas SIP (Service Informatique Pythéas). The Desert Fireball Network team and Global Fireball Observatory are funded by the Australian Research Council (DP200102073). Direct links between carbonaceous chondrites and their parent bodies in the solar system are rare. The Winchcombe meteorite is the most accurately recorded carbonaceous chondrite fall. Its pre-atmospheric orbit and cosmic-ray exposure age confirm that it arrived on Earth shortly after ejection from a primitive asteroid. Recovered only hours after falling, the composition of the Winchcombe meteorite is largely unmodified by the terrestrial environment. It contains abundant hydrated silicates formed during fluid-rock reactions, and carbon- and nitrogen-bearing organic matter including soluble protein amino acids. The near-pristine hydrogen isotopic composition of the Winchcombe meteorite is comparable to the terrestrial hydrosphere, providing further evidence that volatile-rich carbonaceous asteroids played an important role in the origin of Earth's water. Publisher PDF

Published
2022

2. High-pressure synthesis and storage of solid organic compounds in active subduction zones

Author

Baptiste Debret, Bénédicte Ménez, Bastien Walter, Hélène Bouquerel, Pierre Bouilhol, Nadine Mattielli, Céline Pisapia, Thomas Rigaudier, Helen Myfanwy Williams, Debret, Baptiste, Debret, Baptiste [0000-0003-2057-2906], Ménez, Bénédicte [0000-0002-9866-3114], Walter, Bastien [0000-0001-8832-4840], Bouilhol, Pierre [0000-0002-2647-3864], Pisapia, Céline [0000-0002-1432-436X], Rigaudier, Thomas [0000-0003-4947-3784], Williams, Helen Myfanwy [0000-0001-5837-1590], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository

Subjects
Multidisciplinary, [SDU.STU.GC] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, [SDU.STU.PE] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Petrography, 37 Earth Sciences, 3705 Geology, 7 Affordable and Clean Energy, 3706 Geophysics, 3703 Geochemistry
Abstract

Recent thermodynamic and experimental studies have suggested that volatile organic compounds (e.g., methane, formate, and acetate) can be produced and stabilized in subduction zones, potentially playing an important role in the deep carbon cycle. However, field evidence for the high-pressure production and storage of solid organic compounds is missing. Here, we examine forearc serpentinite clasts recovered by drilling mud volcanoes above the Mariana subduction zone. Notable correlations between carbon and iron stable-isotope signatures and fluid-mobile element (B, As and Sb) concentrations provide evidence for the percolation of slab-derived CO 2 -rich aqueous fluids through the forearc mantle. The presence of carbonaceous matter rich in aliphatic moieties within high-temperature clasts (>350°C) demonstrates that molecular hydrogen production associated with forearc serpentinization is an efficient mechanism for the reduction and conversion of slab-derived CO 2 -rich fluids into solid organic compounds. These findings emphasize the need to consider the forearc mantle as an important reservoir of organic carbon on Earth.

Published
2022

3. Aerial strategies advance volcanic gas measurements at inaccessible, strongly degassing volcanoes

Author

A. Alan, E. Corrales, I. M. Watson, Alessandro Aiuppa, Simon Carn, K.E. Rahilly, Alexandra Gutmann, J. M. de Moor, Gaetano Giudice, Jim Freer, Marie Edmonds, Jorge Andres Diaz, Nicole Bobrowski, Bo Galle, Kieran Wood, B. T. McCormick Kilbride, Tobias Fischer, G. M. Fricke, Emily Mason, Gustav Gerdes, Ima Itikarai, Thomas Richardson, Scott Nowicki, J. Jones, Julian Rüdiger, Robert Clarke, Kila Mulina, C. I. Schipper, Marcello Bitetto, Catherine Hayer, Santiago Arellano, Emma J. Liu, Liu, EJ [0000-0003-1749-9285], Aiuppa, A [0000-0002-0254-6539], Alan, A [0000-0002-6975-7066], Arellano, S [0000-0002-0306-3782], Bitetto, M [0000-0003-0460-9772], Carn, S [0000-0002-0360-6660], Clarke, R [0000-0002-5485-2992], Corrales, E [0000-0002-0494-3466], de Moor, JM [0000-0003-2380-5832], Diaz, JA [0000-0002-9628-3329], Edmonds, M [0000-0003-1243-137X], Fischer, TP [0000-0002-3467-0649], Fricke, GM [0000-0002-4466-8649], Galle, B [0000-0001-9989-809X], Gerdes, G [0000-0002-2534-8041], Giudice, G [0000-0002-9410-4139], Gutmann, A [0000-0002-2188-5384], Hayer, C [0000-0001-5734-0549], Jones, J [0000-0001-9877-2065], Mason, E [0000-0002-7050-6475], Mulina, K [0000-0002-3025-9190], Rahilly, K [0000-0003-1524-4262], Richardson, T [0000-0001-7767-452X], Watson, IM [0000-0001-9198-2203], Wood, K [0000-0002-5804-7704], Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository, Liu E.J., Aiuppa A., Alan A., Arellano S., Bitetto M., Bobrowski N., Carn S., Clarke R., Corrales E., De Moor J.M., Diaz J.A., Edmonds M., Fischer T.P., Freer J., Fricke G.M., Galle B., Gerdes G., Giudice G., Gutmann A., Hayer C., Itikarai I., Jones J., Mason E., McCormick Kilbride B.T., Mulina K., Nowicki S., Rahilly K., Richardson T., Rudiger J., Schipper C.I., Watson I.M., and Wood K.

Subjects
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, sub-05, 3705 Geology, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, Atmospheric sciences, 01 natural sciences, Mantle (geology), Carbon cycle, Volcanic Gases, Flux (metallurgy), event, Research Articles, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, event.disaster_type, geography, Multidisciplinary, geography.geographical_feature_category, SciAdv r-articles, Sampling (statistics), Sediment, 37 Earth Sciences, 3703 Geochemistry, Plume, Applied Sciences and Engineering, Volcano, Physical Sciences, Manam, volcanic gases, UAS, Research Article
Abstract

Aerial measurements using unoccupied aerial systems (UAS) transform our ability to measure and monitor volcanic plumes., Volcanic emissions are a critical pathway in Earth’s carbon cycle. Here, we show that aerial measurements of volcanic gases using unoccupied aerial systems (UAS) transform our ability to measure and monitor plumes remotely and to constrain global volatile fluxes from volcanoes. Combining multi-scale measurements from ground-based remote sensing, long-range aerial sampling, and satellites, we present comprehensive gas fluxes—3760 ± [600, 310] tons day−1 CO2 and 5150 ± [730, 340] tons day−1 SO2—for a strong yet previously uncharacterized volcanic emitter: Manam, Papua New Guinea. The CO2/ST ratio of 1.07 ± 0.06 suggests a modest slab sediment contribution to the sub-arc mantle. We find that aerial strategies reduce uncertainties associated with ground-based remote sensing of SO2 flux and enable near–real-time measurements of plume chemistry and carbon isotope composition. Our data emphasize the need to account for time averaging of temporal variability in volcanic gas emissions in global flux estimates.

Published
2020

4. Reevaluating the evidence for a Hadean-Eoarchean dynamo

Author

Ellen W. Alexander, Heather M. Kirkpatrick, M. M. Wielicki, Elizabeth A. Bell, Roger R. Fu, Benjamin P. Weiss, Jahandar Ramezani, Cauê S. Borlina, Eduardo A. Lima, Richard J.M. Taylor, Richard J. Harrison, Adam C. Maloof, Joshua F. Einsle, T. Mark Harrison, Fengzai Tang, Borlina, Cauê S [0000-0003-3456-232X], Weiss, Benjamin P [0000-0003-3113-3415], Lima, Eduardo A [0000-0002-5667-0033], Tang, Fengzai [0000-0002-9937-0620], Taylor, Richard JM [0000-0003-3013-9372], Einsle, Joshua F [0000-0001-8263-8531], Harrison, Richard J [0000-0003-3469-762X], Alexander, Ellen W [0000-0002-0469-2150], Kirkpatrick, Heather M [0000-0001-8658-2096], Wielicki, Matthew M [0000-0001-8542-2525], Harrison, T Mark [0000-0002-1557-2891], Maloof, Adam C [0000-0003-0032-6628], Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository, and Taylor, Richard J M [0000-0003-3013-9372]

Subjects
Paleomagnetism, Multidisciplinary, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Hadean, Geochemistry, SciAdv r-articles, Jack Hills, Geology, 37 Earth Sciences, 3705 Geology, sub-03, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, Early Earth, 01 natural sciences, Billion years, 3703 Geochemistry, Dynamo theory, 51 Physical Sciences, 3706 Geophysics, Research Articles, Research Article, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Zircon, Dynamo
Abstract

We show that the existence and evolution of the geodynamo before 3.5 Ga ago remains unknown., The time of origin of the geodynamo has important implications for the thermal evolution of the planetary interior and the habitability of early Earth. It has been proposed that detrital zircon grains from Jack Hills, Western Australia, provide evidence for an active geodynamo as early as 4.2 billion years (Ga) ago. However, our combined paleomagnetic, geochemical, and mineralogical studies on Jack Hills zircons indicate that most have poor magnetic recording properties and secondary magnetization carriers that postdate the formation of the zircons. Therefore, the existence of the geodynamo before 3.5 Ga ago remains unknown.

Published
2020

5. Crustal seismic velocity responds to a magmatic intrusion and seasonal loading in Iceland’s Northern Volcanic Zone

Author

Donaldson, C., Winder, T., Caudron, C., White, R. S., Donaldson, C [0000-0003-4181-0555], Winder, T [0000-0001-7047-8673], Caudron, C [0000-0002-3748-0007], White, RS [0000-0002-2972-397X], Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository, and White, R S [0000-0002-2972-397X]

Subjects
Dike, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Poromechanics, 3705 Geology, Seismic noise, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Compression (geology), Research Articles, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, geography, Multidisciplinary, geography.geographical_feature_category, SciAdv r-articles, 37 Earth Sciences, Crust, Snow, Geophysics, Volcano, 13. Climate action, 3706 Geophysics, Groundwater, Seismology, Geology, Research Article, Sciences exactes et naturelles
Abstract

Seismic noise interferometry is an exciting technique for studying volcanoes, providing a continuous measurement of seismic velocity changes ( dv / v ), which are sensitive to magmatic processes that affect the surrounding crust. However, understanding the exact mechanisms causing changes in dv / v is often difficult. We present dv / v measurements over 10 years in central Iceland, measured using single-station cross-component correlation functions from 51 instruments across a range of frequency bands. We observe a linear correlation between changes in dv / v and volumetric strain at stations in regions of both compression and dilatation associated with the 2014 Bárðarbunga-Holuhraun dike intrusion. Furthermore, a clear seasonal cycle in dv / v is modeled as resulting from elastic and poroelastic responses to changing snow thickness, atmospheric pressure, and groundwater level. This study comprehensively explains variations in dv / v arising from diverse crustal stresses and highlights the importance of deformation modeling when interpreting dv / v ,with implications for volcano and environmental monitoring worldwide., info:eu-repo/semantics/published

Published
2019

6. Lake sediments with Azorean tephra reveal ice-free conditions on coastal northwest Spitsbergen during the Last Glacial Maximum

Author

Christine Lane, Willem G.M. van der Bilt, van der Bilt, Willem G M [0000-0003-3157-451X], Lane, Christine S [0000-0001-9206-3903], Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository, and van der Bilt, Willem GM [0000-0003-3157-451X]

Subjects
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, 3705 Geology, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, law, Paleoclimatology, Sea ice, Cryosphere, Radiocarbon dating, Glacial period, Research Articles, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Climatology, 13 Climate Action, geography, Multidisciplinary, geography.geographical_feature_category, SciAdv r-articles, 37 Earth Sciences, Last Glacial Maximum, Geology, 3709 Physical Geography and Environmental Geoscience, Arctic, Physical geography, Ice sheet, human activities, geographic locations, Research Article
Abstract

Lake sediments reveal that parts of the High Arctic were ice free and vegetated during the culmination of the Last Ice Age., Lake sediments retrieved from the beds of former nonerosive ice sheets offer unique possibilities to constrain changes in the extent and style of past glaciation, and place them in an absolutely dated context. We present the first pre-Holocene lake sediments from Arctic Svalbard. Radiocarbon dating of terrestrial plant fossils reveals that the investigated catchment was unglaciated and vegetated between 30 and 20 ka B.P. during the global Last Glacial Maximum. The presence of volcanic ash from a contemporaneous Azorean eruption also provides evidence for ice-free conditions. Indicators of sediment compaction and a depositional hiatus suggest subsequent coverage by nonerosive ice until 11 ka B.P. Comparison with regional paleoclimate data indicates that sea ice variability controlled this pattern of ice sheet evolution by modulating moisture supply. Facing rapid regional sea ice losses, our findings have implications for the future response of the Arctic’s cryosphere, a major driver of global sea-level rise.

Published
2019

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