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Lists the 66 symposia constituting the second half of a forthcoming meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS), divided into the following categories: medicine and health, anthropology, technological implications, behavioral science, education, economic and social science, science and public policy, and history and philosophy of science. (MLH)

Presented is an overall view of the history of science in Spanish America prior to 1820. Excluded are the accomplishments of non-Spanish scientists with no social or cultural ties to the countries of the region. (SL)

Reviews ten National Academy of Science surveys of the health and directions of major fields of science conducted from 1962 to 1974. It is concluded that while the conducted surveys had shortcomings, they appear to have been worth the expense and effort. (SL)

Many of the norms held by scientists are threatened by trends of nationalism and multinational industrialization. The code of the scientist and the ethics of development need to be considered concurrently. (Author/CP)

It appears that Thomas R. Pickering, a career foreign service officer with no science in his background, has been nominated as the new head of the Federal science bureau. This is a discussion of the past and future importance of that office. (BB)

Problems of "humanity in science" are discussed through the historical circumstances in which they arose and by examining the changing nature of the social contract between the scientific profession and society. (Author/SL)

Discusses security problems associated with the open publication of research relating to "unsolvable" codes. (SL)

The author explains that misunderstanding the role of science and scientists is mainly due to a communication gap precipitated by the enormity of the field of science. Among the many examples given are cloning and DNA from biomedical research. Argues strongly against establishing an agency to control the field of scientific research. (GA)

Provides a brief history of the National Science Foundation. Discusses the personalities involved in its conception and foundation, the political process by which it was established, and the purposes and plans outlined in the initial stages of its development. (MLH)

Favorably comments on Gerald Holton's concept of "thematic analysis" as a tool for the historiography of science. The author relates this type of analysis to other disciplines and discusses some of its consequences, including the rejection of relativism in science history. (MLH)

Proposes a new component in the analysis of a scientific work, which depends on certain thematic elements which underlie scientific endeavor and provide science with what constant identity it has. This "thematic analysis" allows the historian of science to view past science along another dimension. (MLH)

Asserts that the structure and support of the scientific and technological enterprise has undergone a major change, and now faces a strong challenge in relation to society. Discusses various aspects of science and technology, such as economic factors, political influences, ethics and human values, and the advancement of knowledge. (MLH)

Discusses the problem of whether an explanation of the phenomena of life can be deduced from an exclusive reliance on causal relationship. Indicates that this exclusive reliance is not valid and adds the concept of anticipation. (GS)

Discusses the role of science and technology in society and the realistic possibility of science offering a better future for mankind. Concludes with five public policy proposals deemed necessary for today if scientific and technological capabilities are to be made to respond to future challenges. (SL)

Problems and opportunities for university scientists arising from their growing interaction with state and local governments are discussed. (DT)

Discusses the relationship of science to technology and of both to social problems. Considers nature of scientific values and criteria for setting up priorities in science. Proposes interdisciplinary approaches to technological and social problems. (EB)

Outlines the history of space exploration. Proposes that the United States should join the Soviet Union in space efforts with beneficial terrestrial applications. Gives examples of suitable areas of research. Suggests international centers for space research based in developing countries. Argues for greater support of the Global Atmospheric Research Program. (EB)

Accepts the reductionist principle that all matter follows the same fundamental laws, but argues that the converse is not true: given the fundamental laws of particle physics it is not possible to construct the explanations of macroscopic events. (AL)

Reviews data concerning the communication and organization patterns underlying major advances and changes of research direction in science. Coherent groups typically had a broad theoretical approach and were outside the mainstream of current work, whatever their scientific field. (AL)

Proposes the development of state-specific sciences" to overcome the problems of scientifically studying altered states of consciousness induced by drugs or meditation from the paradigm of the ordinary consciousness state. The requirements of good observation, public nature of the observation, logical theorizing, and testing of theories by observable consequences are possible in a science specific to an altered consciousness state. (AL)

Irrationalism is discussed as a studied and articulated attitude, proudly affirmed and elaborately defended. (DF)

Examines the impacts and consequences of the politicalization of science, the shift from an international to a national orientation in the scientific enterprise, and the professionalization of the scientific community, all of which have developed in the last century. Provides examples of each trend, including the case of German science in and after World War I and government support for science after World War II. (AL)

Describes the use that may be made of data derived from the pattern of citation of scientific journals in determining editorial policy for journals, acquisitions policy for libraries and individual scientists, and science policy by governments. (AL)