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4. Developmentally Regulated piRNA Clusters Implicate MILI in Transposon Control

Author

Alexei A. Aravin, Gregory J. Hannon, Katalin Fejes-Toth, Angélique Girard, and Ravi Sachidanandam

Subjects
Male, Transposable element, endocrine system, RNA, Untranslated, Retroelements, Piwi-interacting RNA, Biology, Mice, Suppression, Genetic, Spermatocytes, MiWi, Animals, Cluster Analysis, RasiRNA, RNA, Antisense, Spermatogenesis, 3' Untranslated Regions, Gene, Short Interspersed Nucleotide Elements, RDE-1, Genetics, Multidisciplinary, Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction, urogenital system, Computational Biology, Proteins, DNA Methylation, Argonaute, Meiosis, Genes, Intracisternal A-Particle, Long Interspersed Nucleotide Elements, Argonaute Proteins, Mutation, DNA methylation
Abstract

Nearly half of the mammalian genome is composed of repeated sequences. In Drosophila , Piwi proteins exert control over transposons. However, mammalian Piwi proteins, MIWI and MILI, partner with Piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) that are depleted of repeat sequences, which raises questions about a role for mammalian Piwi's in transposon control. A search for murine small RNAs that might program Piwi proteins for transposon suppression revealed developmentally regulated piRNA loci, some of which resemble transposon master control loci of Drosophila . We also find evidence of an adaptive amplification loop in which MILI catalyzes the formation of piRNA 5′ ends. Mili mutants derepress LINE-1 (L1) and intracisternal A particle and lose DNA methylation of L1 elements, demonstrating an evolutionarily conserved role for PIWI proteins in transposon suppression.

Published
2007

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