Search

Long-term variations in Northern Hemisphere summer insolation are generally thought to control glaciation. But the intensity of summer insolation is primarily controlled by 20,000-year cycles in the precession of the equinoxes, whereas early Pleistocene glacial cycles occur at 40,000-year intervals, matching the period of changes in Earth's obliquity. The resolution of this 40,000-year problem is that glaciers are sensitive to insolation integrated over the duration of the summer. The integrated summer insolation is primarily controlled by obliquity and not precession because, by Kepler's second law, the duration of the summer is inversely proportional to Earth's distance from the Sun. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We propose that from ∼3 to 1 million years ago, ice volume changes occurred in both the Northern and Southern Hemispheres, each controlled by local summer insolation. Because Earth's orbital precession is out of phase between hemispheres, 23,000-year changes in ice volume in each hemisphere cancel out in globally integrated proxies such as ocean δ18O or sea level, leaving the in-phase obliquity (41,000 years) component of insolation to dominate those records. Only a modest ice mass change in Antarctica is required to effectively cancel out a much larger northern ice volume signal. At the mid-Pleistocene transition, we propose that marine-based ice sheet margins replaced terrestrial ice margins around the perimeter of East Antarctica, resulting in a shift to in-phase behavior of northern and southern ice sheets as well as the strengthening of 23,000-year cyclicity in the marine δ18O record. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the causes of glacial cycle in earth. It has been stated according to the Milankovitch theory that the changes of insolation is the cause of ice age cycle. Insolation is described as the exposure of the earth's surface to the rays of the sun. It varies on time scales of thousands of years as a result of regular changes in earth's orbit around the sun, in the tilt of earth's axis, and in the direction of earths axis of rotation. An example has been cited that between 3 and 1 million years before present, glacial oscillations follows a 41,000-year cycle and that these oscillations correspond to insolation changes driven by obliquity changes. Other information related to the topic are discoursed in the paper.

The article focuses on the deglaciation during Pleistocene epoch. A compiled evidence suggests that the sea levels would fluctuate by 30 to 40 meters during the start of warm intervals. This occurrence will confirm the variability of relative elevations of deposits in Greek shoreline. Information to determine the sample ages using U/Th dating found out that the sea level will drop twice precipitously between 136,000 and 135, 000 years in Red Sea and Papua, New Guinea. These results will constrain the timing of sea-level rise during the penultimate deglaciation.