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The production of milk in a sheep breed households was 128.05 kg, with variations between 123.14 and 138.63 kg. Period of lactation was 165.04 days. Content of milk fat was 6.53%. There were significant differences in dependence of farms. Maximal daily production was in the first month of lactation. Milk yield was 1.046 kg. From the beginning till the end of lactation, milk yield was reduced for 0.479 kg, so at the end the yield was 0.567 kg. Content of milk fat at the first control was 5.30%, at the second, 6.23%, at the third, 6.98% and at the fourth control it was 7.62%. The influence was very significant on the daily production of milk., U ovom radu prikazani su rezultati kontrole mlečnosti kod ovaca svrljiške pramenke. Istraživanje je obavljeno na šest gazdinstava i ukupno je kontrolisano 130 grla. Na osnovu dobijenih rezultata utvrđeno je trajanje laktacionog perioda od 165,04 dana. Količina proizvedenog mleka prosečno je iznosila 128,05 kg, u kojem je bilo 6,53% mlečne masti. Podaci pokazuju da postoji vrlo značajna statistička razlika (P lt 0,01) u prinosu mleka između ovaca na gazdinstvu III u odnosu na II gazdinsitvo. Razlika je iznosila 15,49 kg ili 12,58%. Razlike između gazdinstava III > IV od 10,30 kg (8,03%); III > II od 9,86 kg (7,66%) bile su takođe statistički vrlo značajne (P lt 0,01). Prosečna dnevna mlečnost se smanjivala od prve do četvrte kontrole, tj. laktacija je imala stalni descendentni tok. Količina dnevne mlečnosti 30-tog dana laktacije tj. kod prve kontrole prosečno je iznosila 1,046 kg, druge kontrole 0,878 kg, treće 0,736 kg i četvrte 0,567 kg. Sadržaj mlečne masti u mleku se povećava od prve do četvrte kontrole. Vrednosti su bile 5,30% mlečne masti kod prve, 6,23% druge, 6,98% treće i 7,62% četvrte kontrole. Gazdinstvo tj. farma je imala značajan uticaj na ukupnu količinu namuženog mleka.

Investigation was carried out on three groups of kids of Domestic White breed and its crosses with Saanen breed: group of light, average body mass prior to slaughtering of 12,653 kg (8,8-15,0 kg) and average age of 70 days, group of medium heavy kids, average body mass prior to slaughtering of 17,613 kg (15,1-20,0 kg) and average age of 98 days and group of heavy kids, average body mass prior to slaughtering of 22,697 kg (20,1-25,7 kg) and average age of 129 days. Objective of our investigation was to determine body mass of kids prior to slaughtering which will ensure carcasses of acceptable commercial value in regard to carcass conformation, to which extent the carcass and kidneys are covered with fat tissue, color of meat and fat. It was established that heavier kids have more favorable evaluations for all observed traits of the carcass quality. Based on results obtained by investigation of the effect of body mass of kids prior to slaughtering on carcass measures and evaluation it can be concluded that heavier kids (15,1-25,7 kg) had better index of meatiness of carcass and thigh, better carcass conformation, the carcass and kidneys are better covered with fat tissue, the color of meat and fat are more favorable and as consequence the commercial value of such carcass is higher. Lighter kids (8,8-15,0 kg) have less superficial and kidney fat, therefore their meat is more suitable for specific restrictive nutrition., Ispitivanja su izvedena na tri grupe jaradi domaće bele koze: grupa lakih prosečne telesne mase 12,653 kg (8,8-15,0 kg), srednje teških 17,613 kg (15,1- 20,0) i teških 22,697 kg (20,1-25,7 kg) i prosečnim uzrastom od 70,97, 98,41 i 129,00 dana. Cilj ovih ispitivanja bio je da se utvrdi koja težinska grupa jaradi ima najpovoljniju ocenu trupa (konformacija, prekrivenost masnim tkivom, boja mesa i loja). Utvrđeno je da su teža jarad povoljnije ocenjena u pogledu konformacije, prekrivenosti trupa i bubrega masnim tkivom, boje mesa i loja i marmoriranosti (zastupljenost masnog tkiva u mišiću) dok je struktura mesa bila povoljnija u lakših.

Objective of this paper was to investigate the effects of application of preparation YEASTURE composed of live yeast cultures selected from three strains Saccharomyces cerevisisiae in combination with probiotic bacteria and enzymes (Lactobacillus casei, Streptococcus faecium, Aspergillus oryzae, Lactobacillus acidophilus, 1,3-b and 1,6 D-Glucan, hemicellulase, Protease, cellulase, Alpha amylase) whish have the ability to modify the fermentation in rumen stimulating the development of ruminal bacteria and increasing the fiber digestion. Application of Yeasture started in the stage of high gravidity (15 days prior to calving) and lasted until 60th day of lactation. Based on performed research i.e. in improved digestion of fiber from roughage used in the diet (alalfa hay, maize silage and ensiled sugar beet pulp), increased the quantity and quality of the milk and at the same time improved the health condition of cows’ udder which was concluded based on reduced somatic cell count, it can be recommended the uses of preparation Yeasture in diets for high yielding cows rations., U radu su predstavljeni efekti primene preparata YEASTURE u obrocima visokomlečnih krava i njegov uticaj na količinu i kvalitet mleka. Uključivanje ovog preparata u obroke imalo je cilj da prevaziđe brojne probleme koji prate visoku proizvodnju mleka a koji se generiraju već u periodu zasušenja. Ovaj preparat sastoji se od živih ćelija kvasaca selekcionisanih od tri soja Saccharomyces cerevisisiae, u kombinaciji sa probiotskim bakterijama i enzimima (Lactobacillus casei, Streptococcus faecium, Aspergillus oryzae, Lactobacillus acidophilus, 1,3- b i 1,6 D-Glucan, hemicellulase, Protease, cellulase, Alpha amylase).Efekti su ispitani na 60 Holštajn-frizijskih krava koje su dobijale 10 g preparata dnevno u periodu 15 dana pre telenja pa do 60-tog dana laktacije. Njegova aplikacija uticala je na poboljšanje varenja suve materije iz kabastih hraniva čime može da se objasni i povećanje ne samo količine mleka već i poboljšanje njegovog kvaliteta. Jednovremeno došlo je do smanjivanja broja somatskih ćelija što ukazuje i na popravljanje zdravstvenog stanja vimena krava.

The production of milk in a sheep breed households was 128.05 kg, with variations between 123.14 and 138.63 kg. Period of lactation was 165.04 days. Content of milk fat was 6.53%. There were significant differences in dependence of farms. Maximal daily production was in the first month of lactation. Milk yield was 1.046 kg. From the beginning till the end of lactation, milk yield was reduced for 0.479 kg, so at the end the yield was 0.567 kg. Content of milk fat at the first control was 5.30%, at the second, 6.23%, at the third, 6.98% and at the fourth control it was 7.62%. The influence was very significant on the daily production of milk., U ovom radu prikazani su rezultati kontrole mlečnosti kod ovaca svrljiške pramenke. Istraživanje je obavljeno na šest gazdinstava i ukupno je kontrolisano 130 grla. Na osnovu dobijenih rezultata utvrđeno je trajanje laktacionog perioda od 165,04 dana. Količina proizvedenog mleka prosečno je iznosila 128,05 kg, u kojem je bilo 6,53% mlečne masti. Podaci pokazuju da postoji vrlo značajna statistička razlika (P (lt) 0,01) u prinosu mleka između ovaca na gazdinstvu III u odnosu na II gazdinsitvo. Razlika je iznosila 15,49 kg ili 12,58%. Razlike između gazdinstava III > IV od 10,30 kg (8,03%); III > II od 9,86 kg (7,66%) bile su takođe statistički vrlo značajne (P (lt) 0,01). Prosečna dnevna mlečnost se smanjivala od prve do četvrte kontrole, tj. laktacija je imala stalni descendentni tok. Količina dnevne mlečnosti 30-tog dana laktacije tj. kod prve kontrole prosečno je iznosila 1,046 kg, druge kontrole 0,878 kg, treće 0,736 kg i četvrte 0,567 kg. Sadržaj mlečne masti u mleku se povećava od prve do četvrte kontrole. Vrednosti su bile 5,30% mlečne masti kod prve, 6,23% druge, 6,98% treće i 7,62% četvrte kontrole. Gazdinstvo tj. farma je imala značajan uticaj na ukupnu količinu namuženog mleka.

The production of milk in a sheep breed households was 128.05 kg, with variations between 123.14 and 138.63 kg. Period of lactation was 165.04 days. Content of milk fat was 6.53%. There were significant differences in dependence of farms. Maximal daily production was in the first month of lactation. Milk yield was 1.046 kg. From the beginning till the end of lactation, milk yield was reduced for 0.479 kg, so at the end the yield was 0.567 kg. Content of milk fat at the first control was 5.30%, at the second, 6.23%, at the third, 6.98% and at the fourth control it was 7.62%. The influence was very significant on the daily production of milk., U ovom radu prikazani su rezultati kontrole mlečnosti kod ovaca svrljiške pramenke. Istraživanje je obavljeno na šest gazdinstava i ukupno je kontrolisano 130 grla. Na osnovu dobijenih rezultata utvrđeno je trajanje laktacionog perioda od 165,04 dana. Količina proizvedenog mleka prosečno je iznosila 128,05 kg, u kojem je bilo 6,53% mlečne masti. Podaci pokazuju da postoji vrlo značajna statistička razlika (P (lt) 0,01) u prinosu mleka između ovaca na gazdinstvu III u odnosu na II gazdinsitvo. Razlika je iznosila 15,49 kg ili 12,58%. Razlike između gazdinstava III > IV od 10,30 kg (8,03%); III > II od 9,86 kg (7,66%) bile su takođe statistički vrlo značajne (P (lt) 0,01). Prosečna dnevna mlečnost se smanjivala od prve do četvrte kontrole, tj. laktacija je imala stalni descendentni tok. Količina dnevne mlečnosti 30-tog dana laktacije tj. kod prve kontrole prosečno je iznosila 1,046 kg, druge kontrole 0,878 kg, treće 0,736 kg i četvrte 0,567 kg. Sadržaj mlečne masti u mleku se povećava od prve do četvrte kontrole. Vrednosti su bile 5,30% mlečne masti kod prve, 6,23% druge, 6,98% treće i 7,62% četvrte kontrole. Gazdinstvo tj. farma je imala značajan uticaj na ukupnu količinu namuženog mleka.

Investigation was carried out on three groups of kids of Domestic White breed and its crosses with Saanen breed: group of light, average body mass prior to slaughtering of 12,653 kg (8,8-15,0 kg) and average age of 70 days, group of medium heavy kids, average body mass prior to slaughtering of 17,613 kg (15,1-20,0 kg) and average age of 98 days and group of heavy kids, average body mass prior to slaughtering of 22,697 kg (20,1-25,7 kg) and average age of 129 days. Objective of our investigation was to determine body mass of kids prior to slaughtering which will ensure carcasses of acceptable commercial value in regard to carcass conformation, to which extent the carcass and kidneys are covered with fat tissue, color of meat and fat. It was established that heavier kids have more favorable evaluations for all observed traits of the carcass quality. Based on results obtained by investigation of the effect of body mass of kids prior to slaughtering on carcass measures and evaluation it can be concluded that heavier kids (15,1-25,7 kg) had better index of meatiness of carcass and thigh, better carcass conformation, the carcass and kidneys are better covered with fat tissue, the color of meat and fat are more favorable and as consequence the commercial value of such carcass is higher. Lighter kids (8,8-15,0 kg) have less superficial and kidney fat, therefore their meat is more suitable for specific restrictive nutrition., Ispitivanja su izvedena na tri grupe jaradi domaće bele koze: grupa lakih prosečne telesne mase 12,653 kg (8,8-15,0 kg), srednje teških 17,613 kg (15,1- 20,0) i teških 22,697 kg (20,1-25,7 kg) i prosečnim uzrastom od 70,97, 98,41 i 129,00 dana. Cilj ovih ispitivanja bio je da se utvrdi koja težinska grupa jaradi ima najpovoljniju ocenu trupa (konformacija, prekrivenost masnim tkivom, boja mesa i loja). Utvrđeno je da su teža jarad povoljnije ocenjena u pogledu konformacije, prekrivenosti trupa i bubrega masnim tkivom, boje mesa i loja i marmoriranosti (zastupljenost masnog tkiva u mišiću) dok je struktura mesa bila povoljnija u lakših.

Objective of this paper was to investigate the effects of application of preparation YEASTURE composed of live yeast cultures selected from three strains Saccharomyces cerevisisiae in combination with probiotic bacteria and enzymes (Lactobacillus casei, Streptococcus faecium, Aspergillus oryzae, Lactobacillus acidophilus, 1,3-b and 1,6 D-Glucan, hemicellulase, Protease, cellulase, Alpha amylase) whish have the ability to modify the fermentation in rumen stimulating the development of ruminal bacteria and increasing the fiber digestion. Application of Yeasture started in the stage of high gravidity (15 days prior to calving) and lasted until 60th day of lactation. Based on performed research i.e. in improved digestion of fiber from roughage used in the diet (alalfa hay, maize silage and ensiled sugar beet pulp), increased the quantity and quality of the milk and at the same time improved the health condition of cows’ udder which was concluded based on reduced somatic cell count, it can be recommended the uses of preparation Yeasture in diets for high yielding cows rations., U radu su predstavljeni efekti primene preparata YEASTURE u obrocima visokomlečnih krava i njegov uticaj na količinu i kvalitet mleka. Uključivanje ovog preparata u obroke imalo je cilj da prevaziđe brojne probleme koji prate visoku proizvodnju mleka a koji se generiraju već u periodu zasušenja. Ovaj preparat sastoji se od živih ćelija kvasaca selekcionisanih od tri soja Saccharomyces cerevisisiae, u kombinaciji sa probiotskim bakterijama i enzimima (Lactobacillus casei, Streptococcus faecium, Aspergillus oryzae, Lactobacillus acidophilus, 1,3- b i 1,6 D-Glucan, hemicellulase, Protease, cellulase, Alpha amylase).Efekti su ispitani na 60 Holštajn-frizijskih krava koje su dobijale 10 g preparata dnevno u periodu 15 dana pre telenja pa do 60-tog dana laktacije. Njegova aplikacija uticala je na poboljšanje varenja suve materije iz kabastih hraniva čime može da se objasni i povećanje ne samo količine mleka već i poboljšanje njegovog kvaliteta. Jednovremeno došlo je do smanjivanja broja somatskih ćelija što ukazuje i na popravljanje zdravstvenog stanja vimena krava.

The production of milk in a sheep breed households was 128.05 kg, with variations between 123.14 and 138.63 kg. Period of lactation was 165.04 days. Content of milk fat was 6.53%. There were significant differences in dependence of farms. Maximal daily production was in the first month of lactation. Milk yield was 1.046 kg. From the beginning till the end of lactation, milk yield was reduced for 0.479 kg, so at the end the yield was 0.567 kg. Content of milk fat at the first control was 5.30%, at the second, 6.23%, at the third, 6.98% and at the fourth control it was 7.62%. The influence was very significant on the daily production of milk., U ovom radu prikazani su rezultati kontrole mlečnosti kod ovaca svrljiške pramenke. Istraživanje je obavljeno na šest gazdinstava i ukupno je kontrolisano 130 grla. Na osnovu dobijenih rezultata utvrđeno je trajanje laktacionog perioda od 165,04 dana. Količina proizvedenog mleka prosečno je iznosila 128,05 kg, u kojem je bilo 6,53% mlečne masti. Podaci pokazuju da postoji vrlo značajna statistička razlika (P lt 0,01) u prinosu mleka između ovaca na gazdinstvu III u odnosu na II gazdinsitvo. Razlika je iznosila 15,49 kg ili 12,58%. Razlike između gazdinstava III > IV od 10,30 kg (8,03%); III > II od 9,86 kg (7,66%) bile su takođe statistički vrlo značajne (P lt 0,01). Prosečna dnevna mlečnost se smanjivala od prve do četvrte kontrole, tj. laktacija je imala stalni descendentni tok. Količina dnevne mlečnosti 30-tog dana laktacije tj. kod prve kontrole prosečno je iznosila 1,046 kg, druge kontrole 0,878 kg, treće 0,736 kg i četvrte 0,567 kg. Sadržaj mlečne masti u mleku se povećava od prve do četvrte kontrole. Vrednosti su bile 5,30% mlečne masti kod prve, 6,23% druge, 6,98% treće i 7,62% četvrte kontrole. Gazdinstvo tj. farma je imala značajan uticaj na ukupnu količinu namuženog mleka.

Very important moment in breeding of kids is time of weaning. It is known that kids should suck mother’s milk approximately 4 months depending on the breed and production method. However, the need for kids to be weaned as early as possible is present so that greater quantities of milk could be placed on market. Kids can be weaned before age of 4 months using milk replacers of various manufacturing compositions. In certain cases producers are not able to provide milk replacers to kids, therefore the issue of age or body mass of kids which can be considered as adequate for their weaning without negative consequences is raised. Trial was carried out in two repetitions and processed as single entirety. Female kids - Serbian White goat breed from individual herd were used in investigation. In order to determine the effect of age and body mass at weaning investigation was carried out in two directions: 1 - weaning of kids according to their age at weaning, 40 to 90 days, five (5) groups were formed with interval of 10 days, investigation included 100 kids; 2 - weaning of kids according to body mass at weaning, from 14 to 24 kg, five (5) groups were formed with interval of 2 kg, investigation included 180 kids. Weaning of kids was carried out suddenly during last 10 days of March (depending on age and body mass). After weaning kids were fed ad libitum concentrate and alfalfa hay. One month after weaning kids were fed in combined stable pasture way. Each kid was measured/weighed at birth and at weaning. Objective of this paper was to investigate the effect of age and body mass of Serbian White kids at weaning on their gain after weaning if no milk replacers are introduced in their nutrition. The following was concluded: • Kids which were older at weaning and had greater body mass also showed better gain after weaning; • It is not recommended that kids of body mass bellow 18 kg or younger than 65 days be weaned without milk replacers; • It is possible to wean without milk re, U odgajivanju jaradi vrlo važan momenat predstavlja vreme njihovog odlučivanja. Poznato je da jarad treba da sisaju majčino mleko oko četiri meseca zavisno od mase i načina proizvodnje. Međutim sve više se javlja potreba da se jarad zaluče ranije, kako bi se na tržištu pojavile što veće količine mleka. Odlučivanje jaradi je moguće i pre četiri meseca i to putem zamene majčinog mleka raznih fabričkih receptura. U izvesnim slučajevima odgajivači nisu u mogućnosti da obezbede jaradima zamenu za mleko, pa se postavlja pitanje izbora starosti, odnosno telesne mase jaradi, koja se može smatrati dovoljnom da se njihovo odlučivanje može izvesti bez štetnih posledica. Cilj rada je bio ispitivanje uticaja starosti I telesne mase jaradi srpske bele koze u trenutku odlučivanja na njihov prirast posle odlučivanja, ukoliko se u ishranu ne uključi zamena za mleko.

Very important moment in breeding of kids is time of weaning. It is known that kids should suck mother’s milk approximately 4 months depending on the breed and production method. However, the need for kids to be weaned as early as possible is present so that greater quantities of milk could be placed on market. Kids can be weaned before age of 4 months using milk replacers of various manufacturing compositions. In certain cases producers are not able to provide milk replacers to kids, therefore the issue of age or body mass of kids which can be considered as adequate for their weaning without negative consequences is raised. Trial was carried out in two repetitions and processed as single entirety. Female kids - Serbian White goat breed from individual herd were used in investigation. In order to determine the effect of age and body mass at weaning investigation was carried out in two directions: 1 - weaning of kids according to their age at weaning, 40 to 90 days, five (5) groups were formed with interval of 10 days, investigation included 100 kids; 2 - weaning of kids according to body mass at weaning, from 14 to 24 kg, five (5) groups were formed with interval of 2 kg, investigation included 180 kids. Weaning of kids was carried out suddenly during last 10 days of March (depending on age and body mass). After weaning kids were fed ad libitum concentrate and alfalfa hay. One month after weaning kids were fed in combined stable pasture way. Each kid was measured/weighed at birth and at weaning. Objective of this paper was to investigate the effect of age and body mass of Serbian White kids at weaning on their gain after weaning if no milk replacers are introduced in their nutrition. The following was concluded: • Kids which were older at weaning and had greater body mass also showed better gain after weaning; • It is not recommended that kids of body mass bellow 18 kg or younger than 65 days be weaned without milk replacers; • It is possible to wean without milk re, U odgajivanju jaradi vrlo važan momenat predstavlja vreme njihovog odlučivanja. Poznato je da jarad treba da sisaju majčino mleko oko četiri meseca zavisno od mase i načina proizvodnje. Međutim sve više se javlja potreba da se jarad zaluče ranije, kako bi se na tržištu pojavile što veće količine mleka. Odlučivanje jaradi je moguće i pre četiri meseca i to putem zamene majčinog mleka raznih fabričkih receptura. U izvesnim slučajevima odgajivači nisu u mogućnosti da obezbede jaradima zamenu za mleko, pa se postavlja pitanje izbora starosti, odnosno telesne mase jaradi, koja se može smatrati dovoljnom da se njihovo odlučivanje može izvesti bez štetnih posledica. Cilj rada je bio ispitivanje uticaja starosti I telesne mase jaradi srpske bele koze u trenutku odlučivanja na njihov prirast posle odlučivanja, ukoliko se u ishranu ne uključi zamena za mleko.

Increase of the production of lamb meat can be achieved by increasing the number of twin lambs which is popular practice in the world today - forcing of the multiple fertility. However, the issue of early weaning of Iambs is also present in many cases. It is known that twins are more difficult to maintain during first period and they are slower in growth in future development, which indicates the production of early weaned twin lambs. In domestic, and especially international, literature the issue of early weaning of twin lambs from the aspect of production of lamb meat was discussed however there are no literature references regarding the effect of early weaning on future development of twins after weaning. The objective of this paper was to determine the effect of early weaning of twins on their future development and production, and breeding. Based on presented analysis regarding the effect of early weaning of twin lambs on their future development and production, the following can be concluded: Early weaned twins (age of 2 months) have slower growth and body development compared to single offspring but these differences weren't statistically significant. However, although technically more complicated, weaning of twins only several days after birth was proved to be most efficient in regard to future development and production since these twins were the only ones which have realized same results as single lambs during the investigation period. In case of early weaning, growth of twin lambs depends on their initial body mass which is almost always below the body mass of single lambs. The wool production was higher in case of those animals whose body was more developed, that is the skin surface larger, also the nutrition during first two months was unified and regular as in case of single lambs and lambs from group I., Povećanje proizvodnje jagnjećeg mesa moguće je postići povećanjem broja jaganjaca bližnjenjem, pa se danas u svetu sve više forsira gajenje rasa sa izraženijom mnogoplodnošću. Međutim, u mnogim se slučajevima, paralelno s tim postavlja i pitanje što ranijeg odlučivanja jaganjaca. Poznato je da se blizanci teže održavaju u prvim danima i sporije napreduju u daljem razvoju što upućuje na proizvodnju rano odlučenih blizanaca. U našoj. a naročito stranoj literaturi obrađivano je pitanje ranog odlučivanja blizanaca s gledišta proizvodnje jagnjećeg mesa, ali se do soda nije obrađivao njegov uticaj na razvoj blizanaca posle odlučivanja. Cilj ovog ispiti van/a je bio da utvrdi uticaj ranog odlučivanja blizanaca na njihov dalji razvoj i proizvodnju, odnosno uzgoja blizanaca koji se ostavljaju za dalji priplod.

Development of the improvement theory, improvement of the technological process of production, especially greater demand for high quality lamb sheep milk cheeses (yellow hard cheese, white soft cheese) and wool of improved traits, demands modernization of organizational forms of selection in sheep production. Activities of people engaged in selection are concentrated on several directions focusing on the defining the organizational scheme based on the fact that mass selection which is most frequent in sheep production, could be more efficient with adequate organization. The opinion is prevailing that the best way of organizing is according to the principle of pyramid. Selection procedure within the pyramid is question of agreement between the genetic scientist and farmer depending on the improvement objective. Beside this pyramid organization, in countries with advanced stage of sheep production, other selection programs are present which represent not replacement of the pyramid organization but are expression of the will to better determine the economical parameters and increase, the fanner's profit Special attention in sheep selection is directed towards the providing of unique scientific approach to the evaluation of the animal based on objective productivity control. Software is developed for more efficient realization of the selection procedure and genetic information systems introduced on relation farmer - selection service., U ovom preglednom radu su izneti savremeni trendovi u organizaciji selekcije u ovčarstvu po smerovima proizvodnje. Povećanje interesa za ovčijim mesom zahteva usavršavanje postojećih I primenu novih organizacionih formi selekcijskih postupaka. Razvojem kompjuterske tehnike, razrađeni su praktični korisnički softveri za efikasnije sprovođenje selekcijske procedure. U cilju smanjenja troškova merenja i povećanja efikasnoti selekcije ovaca na mesnatost, organizuju se kooperativne odgajivačke strukture farmer a. Proizvodnja mleka u određenoj populaciji se može povećavati iz godine u godinu, ukoliko se selekcija sprovodi putem grupnog oplemenjivanja, na principu piramide koja se sastoji iz nukleusa i komercijalnog stada. Princip organizacione seme selekcije u cilju povećanja prinosa i kvaliteta vune takođe ba- zira na osnovnim postavkama tradicionalne piramide. Pri tome se unapred postavlja željeni odgajivački cilj i predviđaju efekti selekcije.

Increase of the production of lamb meat can be achieved by increasing the number of twin lambs which is popular practice in the world today - forcing of the multiple fertility. However, the issue of early weaning of Iambs is also present in many cases. It is known that twins are more difficult to maintain during first period and they are slower in growth in future development, which indicates the production of early weaned twin lambs. In domestic, and especially international, literature the issue of early weaning of twin lambs from the aspect of production of lamb meat was discussed however there are no literature references regarding the effect of early weaning on future development of twins after weaning. The objective of this paper was to determine the effect of early weaning of twins on their future development and production, and breeding. Based on presented analysis regarding the effect of early weaning of twin lambs on their future development and production, the following can be concluded: Early weaned twins (age of 2 months) have slower growth and body development compared to single offspring but these differences weren't statistically significant. However, although technically more complicated, weaning of twins only several days after birth was proved to be most efficient in regard to future development and production since these twins were the only ones which have realized same results as single lambs during the investigation period. In case of early weaning, growth of twin lambs depends on their initial body mass which is almost always below the body mass of single lambs. The wool production was higher in case of those animals whose body was more developed, that is the skin surface larger, also the nutrition during first two months was unified and regular as in case of single lambs and lambs from group I., Povećanje proizvodnje jagnjećeg mesa moguće je postići povećanjem broja jaganjaca bližnjenjem, pa se danas u svetu sve više forsira gajenje rasa sa izraženijom mnogoplodnošću. Međutim, u mnogim se slučajevima, paralelno s tim postavlja i pitanje što ranijeg odlučivanja jaganjaca. Poznato je da se blizanci teže održavaju u prvim danima i sporije napreduju u daljem razvoju što upućuje na proizvodnju rano odlučenih blizanaca. U našoj. a naročito stranoj literaturi obrađivano je pitanje ranog odlučivanja blizanaca s gledišta proizvodnje jagnjećeg mesa, ali se do soda nije obrađivao njegov uticaj na razvoj blizanaca posle odlučivanja. Cilj ovog ispiti van/a je bio da utvrdi uticaj ranog odlučivanja blizanaca na njihov dalji razvoj i proizvodnju, odnosno uzgoja blizanaca koji se ostavljaju za dalji priplod.

Development of the improvement theory, improvement of the technological process of production, especially greater demand for high quality lamb sheep milk cheeses (yellow hard cheese, white soft cheese) and wool of improved traits, demands modernization of organizational forms of selection in sheep production. Activities of people engaged in selection are concentrated on several directions focusing on the defining the organizational scheme based on the fact that mass selection which is most frequent in sheep production, could be more efficient with adequate organization. The opinion is prevailing that the best way of organizing is according to the principle of pyramid. Selection procedure within the pyramid is question of agreement between the genetic scientist and farmer depending on the improvement objective. Beside this pyramid organization, in countries with advanced stage of sheep production, other selection programs are present which represent not replacement of the pyramid organization but are expression of the will to better determine the economical parameters and increase, the fanner's profit Special attention in sheep selection is directed towards the providing of unique scientific approach to the evaluation of the animal based on objective productivity control. Software is developed for more efficient realization of the selection procedure and genetic information systems introduced on relation farmer - selection service., U ovom preglednom radu su izneti savremeni trendovi u organizaciji selekcije u ovčarstvu po smerovima proizvodnje. Povećanje interesa za ovčijim mesom zahteva usavršavanje postojećih I primenu novih organizacionih formi selekcijskih postupaka. Razvojem kompjuterske tehnike, razrađeni su praktični korisnički softveri za efikasnije sprovođenje selekcijske procedure. U cilju smanjenja troškova merenja i povećanja efikasnoti selekcije ovaca na mesnatost, organizuju se kooperativne odgajivačke strukture farmer a. Proizvodnja mleka u određenoj populaciji se može povećavati iz godine u godinu, ukoliko se selekcija sprovodi putem grupnog oplemenjivanja, na principu piramide koja se sastoji iz nukleusa i komercijalnog stada. Princip organizacione seme selekcije u cilju povećanja prinosa i kvaliteta vune takođe ba- zira na osnovnim postavkama tradicionalne piramide. Pri tome se unapred postavlja željeni odgajivački cilj i predviđaju efekti selekcije.

Livestock husbandry participation in total agriculture production of Serbia is unfavorable (41% of total value). Sheep and goat breeding particularly lag behind. Sheep production participate with extremely low percent in total world production in this branch. Sheep and goat breeding importance was declining for a long period of time. An increase of interest for sheep breeding was noticed in early nineties since it was more resistant to the economy hardships than pig and poultry production. Concerning the natural conditions, cultural heritage and other social aspects, regional and geo-strategy importance of this production, we consider this increase of interests for sheep and goat breeding necessary to support. Sheep and goat breeding prospective should be seen as a valuable component of the highland rural revival, since this production have considerable advantage comparing to other branches of live­stock husbandry in the present private possession dominated environment. However valorization of this potentials could not be increased without transforming complete agro industry and social environment. Important role in this process of changing have state and its institutions, but also market and related components of total national economy structure. If this changes provide favorable environment we could expect soon a significant increase of the amount and quality of the sheep and goats production. ., Cilj ovog rada je da opšti pregled trenutnog stanja i problema u ovčarskoj i kozarskoj proizvodnji i predloži rešenja i preporuke za ovu proizvodnju u narednom veku. Poseban naglasak je stavljen na individualna gazdinstva koja će se baviti ovčarstvom i kozarstvom kao primarnom proizvodnjom.

Livestock husbandry participation in total agriculture production of Serbia is unfavorable (41% of total value). Sheep and goat breeding particularly lag behind. Sheep production participate with extremely low percent in total world production in this branch. Sheep and goat breeding importance was declining for a long period of time. An increase of interest for sheep breeding was noticed in early nineties since it was more resistant to the economy hardships than pig and poultry production. Concerning the natural conditions, cultural heritage and other social aspects, regional and geo-strategy importance of this production, we consider this increase of interests for sheep and goat breeding necessary to support. Sheep and goat breeding prospective should be seen as a valuable component of the highland rural revival, since this production have considerable advantage comparing to other branches of live­stock husbandry in the present private possession dominated environment. However valorization of this potentials could not be increased without transforming complete agro industry and social environment. Important role in this process of changing have state and its institutions, but also market and related components of total national economy structure. If this changes provide favorable environment we could expect soon a significant increase of the amount and quality of the sheep and goats production. ., Cilj ovog rada je da opšti pregled trenutnog stanja i problema u ovčarskoj i kozarskoj proizvodnji i predloži rešenja i preporuke za ovu proizvodnju u narednom veku. Poseban naglasak je stavljen na individualna gazdinstva koja će se baviti ovčarstvom i kozarstvom kao primarnom proizvodnjom.