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To compare the effectiveness of bioactive glass (BG), natural hydroxyapatite (HA), and demineralized freeze-dried bone (DFDB) in bone defects.All animal experiments were conducted in Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey, under the Selcuk University Guidelines for Animal Experimentation, in 2005. Eighteen New Zealand rabbits were used for the experiment. Four cavities were prepared on right and left tibias. The cavities on the right tibia were filled with either BG, HA or DFDB. One cavity was left empty as a control. The cavities on the other tibial bone were grafted with HA(+)BG, HA(+)DFDB, BG(+)DFDB and HA(+)BG(+)DFDB composites. Histological examinations were performed at first, third, and sixth postoperative months.According to histomorphometric findings, the mixture containing HA(+)BG(+)DFDB obtained the best histological results (p0.05).The composite graft of HA, BG and DFDB is more effective than when used as individual agents.

To determine the effects of very weak, extremely low frequency (50 Hz) electromagnetic field (ELF-EMF) on the relative spleen weight, lymphoid organ histology, peripheral blood leukocyte and alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase positive (ANAE- positive) lymphocyte percentages of the mouse.The study was carried out in Scientific Research and Application Center of Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey in 2005. A total of 120 Swiss albino mice were divided into 6 groups (20 in each group). The experimental animals were exposed to 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 microT flux intensities (rms) of EMF at 50 Hz for 40 days.In the exposure groups with 20 animals, the body weight (BW) increased gradually in higher field intensities and reached at peak level in the 4 microT, and then slightly decreased. The relative spleen weight (% of the BW) was not affected. The ELF-EMF treatment did not cause any significant change in lymphocyte, monocyte and ANAE-positive lymphocyte ratios, whereas percentages of neutrophils and basophiles changed non-linearly. Any change in the lymphoid organ histology, which is attributable to the field effect, was not observed in the exposure groups.Extremely low frequency-EMF exposure with the flux intensities between 1-5 microT for 40 days did not cause any effect on the relative spleen weight, lymphoid organ histology, leukocyte and ANAE-positive lymphocyte percentages of the mouse.