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Aim: In this review, several gastrointestinal diseases that dentists may encounter in practice are highlighted and discussed., Materials and Methods: Using MEDLINE (PubMed), a comprehensive review of gastrointestinal diseases and their oral cavity manifestations was performed., Results: Many gastrointestinal diseases present with oral symptoms that are detectable by dentists and dental hygienists. Often, oral manifestations of the disease may appear before systemic signs and symptoms. Managing patients with these conditions requires dentists to adjust their treatment and/or involve other health professionals., Conclusion: Care must be taken when providing periodontal therapy or dental implants to patients suffering gastrointestinal diseases who are at high risk of bleeding, infection, or malnutrition, for example. Also, pharmacological therapy for these patients may need to be customized., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (© 2021 The Authors.)

Granulomatous diseases may present with oral manifestations that are detectable by dental care providers. In certain cases, oral manifestations may precede systemic signs and symptoms. Dentists managing patients with these conditions may modify the dental treatment plan and possibly retain the support of other health professionals. This review gives an update on granulomatous diseases that can be faced by the dental practitioner., Competing Interests: We declare that we have no conflict of interest., (© 2019 The Authors.)

Aim: Because the use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and opioids has several restrictions, this review evaluates the efficacy and safety of acetaminophen and caffeine for the management of dental pain., Methods: A search of the literature was carried out looking for randomized controlled trials on the use of acetaminophen and caffeine for the management of dental pain, performed on humans and written in English, Italian, French or Arabic languages. The following databases were searched: PubMed, The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Ovid Medline and Scopus., Results: Three controlled clinical trials were retrieved and evaluated by using the Study Quality Assessment Tool of the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence., Conclusion: The use of acetaminophen and caffeine appears to be effective in achieving good control of acute dental pain compared to placebo and other analgesic medications, but clinical recommendations cannot be made for the limited number of studies assessed., (© 2019 The Authors.)

This case report describes the treatment of a 22-year-old girl who had incompetent lips with severe bimaxillary dentoalveolar protrusion. The treatment of choice for such patients is usually extraction of four first premolars and retraction of the anterior teeth. To maintain the extraction space, maximum anchorage is required. Mini-implants were used to provide maximum anchorage for obtaining a good facial profile.