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Stem cells are originally divided into two major categories of embryonic stem cells and adult stem cells. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are of the most important adult stem cells which have attracted the attention of most researchers. MSCs are plastic adherent, spindle shaped cells with mutipotent potency which able to differentiate into osteoblastic, chondrogenic, adipogenic lineages, while recent studies have demonstrated that MSCs are also able to differentiate into other lineages, like neuronal and cardiomyo-genic lineage. They participate in repairing tissues such as bone, cartilage, muscle, tendon and fat. Potency of MSCs along with immunosuppressive properties have make them proper candidate for stem cell based therapy trails. In this study, biology and properties of MScs is described at the end recent clinical application of these cells will be discussed.