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For two hydrological models, the ECOMAG and SWAP, the hypothesis is checked that a model which has successfully passed the test based on observational data is more efficient for assessing future hydrological consequences of climate change than the models which did not pass the test. The efficiency is evaluated using two criteria: the robustness of a model and the uncertainty of simulation results. Three versions of each model constructed for the basins of the Lena and Mackenzie rivers are examined: the model whose parameters are set a priori (without calibration), the model which was calibrated against runoff hydrographs at the outlet, and the model which was calibrated against runoff hydrographs at several gaging stations of the river network. The estimates of possible changes in the river runoff by the end of the 21st century are obtained using data of global climate models. It is shown that the hydrological model which successfully passed the proposed testing procedure is more effective for assessing climate change impact on the river runoff. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The inland location of Mongolia and its relatively high general elevation above sea level combined with the arid climate favor the formation of the specific hydrological regime of water bodies which are highly vulnerable to climate changes. The formation features and the current state of water resources in Mongolia are considered. A brief description of the main water bodies is given. The available estimates of the impact of anthropogenic factors and climate changes on some components of water balance are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The risk and predictability of weather and climate anomalies in Russian regions associated with differen types of El Niño are estimated using long-term data (1891-2015) on surface air temperature, precipitation, and indices of drought and excessive moisture. The probability of anomalies of these parameters in spring and summer months is estimated for different phase transitions of El Niño events. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Considered is ice jamming, the hazardous ice phenomenon observed at the opening of northern rivers that re suits in significant flooding. Revealed is that maximum water levels in the ice-jam-risk areas of the Sukhona, Tom', and Lena rivers depend on the deterministic contributions of ice jamming factors that vary along with the climate change, and on the realization of different activities breaking natural river ice conditions (excavation of sand and gravel mix from the channel, dumping of warm industrial water, construction of bridges, and preventive actions against ice jams). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]