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Language, speech and a speech activity are the main aspects of linguistic phenomena. The speech activity consists of speaking, written language (generation and delivery of information), listening and reading (the process of perception and processing of information). In Russian as a foreign language teaching system at the polytechnic university Preparatory Department reading is important, as it helps to meet the student’s educational needs for new information related to the area of expertise. The purpose of reading is comprehension, which is a complex mental activity. Reproduction is a part of understanding (perception - understanding - remembering - reproduction). Factors that affect reading comprehension is described, requirements that one should take into account to avoid many of the difficulties and problems when studying at the polytechnic university Preparatory Department are presented. To meet these requirements one should know characteristics of understanding (entirety, accuracy, deepness). Good results can be achieved through gaining skills associated with understanding language material; text content; comprehension text content. At different stages of learning students improve different reading skills: reading techniques and skills of mental operations. At the Preparatory Department all reading skills play an important role, as training starts with the training of sound-letter relationships in the syllable. Difficulty/ease of reading training as a kind of verbal activity is devoted to the last part of the article. Different viewpoints of leading trainers are presented. Difficulties appearing when one is learning to read a foreign language and recommendations that may facilitate these difficulties are described (prediction method). A special attention to the development of a probabilistic forecasting mechanism is paid. Last part of the article concludes that reading is a very complex type of speech activity in both psychological and methodological aspect, and in this regard, one should learn reading as early as possible.

This article is about one of the main Russian language problems, i.e. a gap between the object of reality and the linguistic sign meaning. It leads not only to the desemantization of the main state language verbal concepts, but also to misunderstanding of the text written in this language. One of the ways to solve this problem is creating a special combined dictionary.

The article analyzes basic differences of Japanese educational texts for foreigners from authentic texts. The division of texts of a journalese genre into descriptive and analytical ones is presented. Methods of working with them are characterized.

The problem of forming crosscultural competence of students is an important social and educational task. Nowadays there is a social need for the specialist who is capable of thinking globally, understanding himself and others, his native culture and culture of other nations. It is important that the student should have the knowledge of cultural differences, have crosscultural competence which is the basis of international communication and relationship on the whole.