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The effect of salt stress on Triticum aestivum L. plants inoculated with endophytic strains of B. subtilis was studied. The treatment of Triticum aestivum L. with endophytic bacterial strains of B. subtilis was shown to increase plant resistance to the stress factor. The inoculation reduced the development of oxidative stress and the entry of sodium ions into aboveground plant organs. The antistress effect of endophytic strains of B. subtilis and their ability to reduce the absorption of sodium ions by Triticum aestivum L. plants can be employed to promote plant growth during cultivation of crops on saline lands. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The existing data on the role of PTF1/TCP13 belonging to the TCP family of transcription factors in regulating expression of a psbD plastid gene encoding a D2 protein of PSII are controversial. To analyze biological functions of PTF1/TCP13, transformed plants expressing PTF1/TCP13 under a β-estradiol-inducible promoter were used. PTF1/TCP13 overexpression did not provide the expected increase in the accumulation of psbD transcripts transcribed from BLRP (Blue Light Responsive Promoter), though their level significantly increased under exposure to light or abscisic acid (ABA). PTF1/TCP13 was up-regulated by ABA; moreover, genes of the canonic pathway of the ABA signal transduction were involved in the regulation of PTF1/TCP13 expression. In addition, PTF1/TCP13 was induced in response to salt stress However, in the overexpressing line, salt tolerance and expression of salt stress markers, as well as a number of genes for the synthesis and signaling of ABA, were reduced compared to plants with the normal level of expression of this transcription factor, that is, PTF1/TCP13 acted as a negative regulator of salt stress Thus, PTF1 does not belong to plastid transcription factors. Nevertheless, it represents one of the components of the ABA-dependent regulatory chain capable of modifying expression of nuclear and chloroplast genes in response to changes in homeostasis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Soil salinization has seriously affected plant growth and restricted economic development. Malus zumi is an excellent apple grafting rootstock, and it is also an important tree species to improve saline-alkali land. Under the stress of 200 mM NaCl, the yellowing of Malus zumi leaves became more obvious with time, the activities of antioxidant enzymes increased, and the chlorophyll content increased first and then decreased. Through transcriptome sequencing analysis, 426 new genes were found in a total of 37191 transcriptome sequences, and these new genes were still different from those of apple. After 48 hours of salt stress, compared with the untreated group, 4861 genes were differentially up-regulated and 4413 genes were differentially down-regulated. Through GO function enrichment analysis and pathway function enrichment analysis, it was found that salt stress affected the amino acid synthesis, metabolism, photosynthesis, and other related processes of Malus zumi. Analysis of differential transcription factors revealed that WRKY and ERF families were the important transcription factors involved in salt stress. The gene located at the key positions of metabolic pathway was verified by fluorescence quantitative PCR, and the results were consistent with the results of transcriptome sequencing, which proved the reliability of the data of differentially expressed genes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]