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Throughout history, Puccinia graminis tritici, Ug99 has been regarded as a significant danger to the production of wheat because it causes the stem or "black rust" disease. The main biotic factors limiting wheat yield are the three rust diseases that affect wheat: stem, leaf, and stripe rust. Stem rust, which can result in losses of up to 70%, is a significant threat to global food security. In cultivars that are susceptible, stem rust mostly parasitizes the surface of the leaf and stem, but it can also attack the leaf sheaths, spikes, glumes, awns, and grains. Heavy dews, high humidity, and warm temperatures (24–30 °C) are all favorable for the development of stem rust. Urediniospore production occurs in these circumstances 7–14 days following infection. Its expansion to other nations in Africa, Asia, and beyond is evident, whether caused by the wind or human intervention. The issue caused by rust can be solved by understanding the illness, locating resistance lines, and subsequently creating resistant types with the aim of shortening the disease. Cultural traditions, the use of pesticides, and the use of resistant varieties like Vijaya, Tilottama, Banganga, Gaura, Dhaulagiri, Danphe, Swargadwari, etc. are all part of management techniques.

Wheat rusts caused by Puccinia spp. is economically significant foliar syndrome in the main wheat-growing areas of Ethiopia. Safeguard of wheat from rust diseases has very exceptional worth to be profitable and reduce hunger. Screening of wheat genotypes against rust and monitoring of race development and monitoring of variability in wheat rust pathogens by international trap nurseries is vital to mitigate rust impact. In this experiment, resistance to wheat yellow rusts of 119 wheat germplasm comprising varieties, advanced lines along with 19 international yellow rust trap rust nurseries were studied under natural infection in 2018-2019 years in different geographic zones of Ethiopia. The information of this finding revealed that majority of the test cultivars displayed susceptible reaction to the prevalent yellow rust races. However, few cultivars and candidate lines exhibited lower diseases severities. Among the differentials, Yr5+, Yr10 and Yr15 are still effective to the prevalent yellow rust races. Thus, those candidate wheat genotypes tested in this experiment and showed lower diseases severities will contribute a significant role to wheat breeding program in diversification and development of cultivars with durable or long lasting resistance.

Wheat production and productivity is significantly constrained by multiple pathogens of which Septoria tritici blotch is an economically important foliar disease in the major wheat-growing areas of the world including Ethiopia. Host plant resistance rests the first mark of protection to mitigate this foliar disease, principally in developing countries for economically humble farmers and the most eco-friendly and lucrative strategy for profitable farmers. Thus, the present experiment was executed with the aim of screening of wheat genotypes against septoria leaf blotch. A total of 451 wheat genotypes comprising 436 advanced bread wheat genotypes and 15 commercial released varieties were incorporated in the study. The study shown that none of the genotypes were displayed immune reaction. Close to half (47.1%) of examined wheat genotypes showed good tolerance to the diseases, while the remaining, exceeding half of test genotypes displayed moderately susceptible to susceptible reaction. Therefore, those genotypes which express highly to moderately resistant reaction to septoria tritici could have an imperative role in resistance breeding to septoria leaf blotch which intern play key role for maximizing yield and reduce hunger.

A comprehensive study in grain yield potential is crucial in the selection among wheat genotypes. Grain weight alone doesn’t decide the portion of economic yield in a harvest index as grain yield is the subtractions of many yield components. Information of associations among traits and yield implies their relative importance for selection in yield improvement. Correlation study is a widely used measure to determine the degree of relationship between various traits. The path analysis is a powerful measure which partitions the correlation coefficient and deals with the relative importance of yield contributing traits on yield. The correlation and path coefficient analysis of grain yield in wheat is reviewed in the paper.

The study is based on a narrative review approach using published sources in the area of agricultural technology adoption. Despite many improved varieties and agronomic practices have been released and recommended to the farmers, the adoption of these technologies remained below the expected figure. Hence it is pertinent to understand factors affecting wheat technology adoption in Ethiopia. Factors such as, Age of the farmer, farmers’ learning and experience, family labor, field days, Sex, total active household labor in man equivalent, access to credit, livestock ownership, education of household head, trainings, demonstrations, extension contact, mass media, farm income, farm size and, access to all weather roads and market distance positively and significantly affect adoption of wheat by smallholder farmers. Therefore, measures such as, establishing better input supply, developing agricultural information system and availing farm machineries should be taken to overcome the above constraints of wheat technology adoption.

The bread waste is one of the important socio-economic's issues country now, the urgent need is feeling to improve the wheat quality. Therefore, using the methods of farming and breeding is necessary to improve the quality of this strategic product. As a result, tests of quality's traits in wheat promising lines in Isfahan climate took place. In this study, the choice 17 advanced lines of compare the performances,s experiments, an experiment was conducted for two consecutive cropping (2011-2012) at cultural experiment and research centre in Isfahan located in Kabutar Abad region. Randomized complete block designs with 3 replications were compared with Spring variety (for control). Traits including: 1000 grain weight, hectolitre weight, protein content, Zeleny sedimentation rate, bread volume, grain moisture content, grain hardness, water absorption, falling number, percentage of dry gluten, gluten index, sedimentation rates were SDS.The results of the combined analysis of variance qualitative characteristics,s for two consecutive cropping showed that treatments with compare together and control variety had significant influence in 1% probability.Correlation coefficients of two years showed that the compound test significant positive correlation within grain hardness index and protein content, wet gluten and dry deposition rates of SDS. Also, significant positive correlation with the percentage of protein content of dry gluten. In view of the high correlation with protein content of dry gluten (quantity). However, grain hardness and relatively high correlation with SDS sedimentation as an important measure of protein quality. Therefore, the test results of dry gluten grains can be tough to choose in order to improve the quality of wheat bread may be used.

Varieties of winter wheat of world selection were studied in the conditions of South Ural. The conducted researches showed that in conditions of a steppe zone of South Ural possibly receiving more than 5,0 t of grain of winter wheat. For a steppe zone of South Ural four effective grades of winter wheat are defined: Kolos 47, Nika, KNIISH 756, Mironovskaya 64.

The study was conducted at the Nuclear Institute for Agriculture and Biology (NIAB), Faisalabad, Pakistan to evaluate the drought stress tolerance efficiency of wheat cultivars. Eight wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes namely (Pasban-90, Inqalab-91, Auqab-2000, AS-2002, Sahar-2006, Shafaq-2006, Lasani-2008, and FSD-2008) were used for screening in laboratory. Three techniques were used for the screening. These techniques are (I) seed germination at -0.6 MPa external water potential (PEG-6000), (2) seedling growth after 14 days at -0.6 MPa (PEG-6000), and (3) plant water relations of seven-week-old pot-grown plants. Significantly highest germination stress tolerance index, root length stress tolerance index and the water content was recorded in Lasani-2008 and lowest was recorded in Auqab-2000. Dry matter percentage was recorded significantly highest in pasban-90 while the lowest dry matter percentage was observed in auqab-2000. FSD-2008 gained maximum plant height and was recorded minimum in Inqilab-91. Relative saturation deficit was significantly highest in Auqab-2000 while the significantly lowest relative saturation deficit was recorded in case of Lasani-2008. It was concluded from the results that Lasani-2008 performed better under drought and Auqab-2000 was recorded most drought sensitive variety.

Pests of the order Lepidoptera - South barn and Grain moth moth - one of the most dangerous pests of grain mass. The data obtained show that the technology (seed disinfectants and quality) of spring wheat affects the damage Plodia interpunctella Hb. and Sitotroga cerealella Oliv.