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The review presents the general methodology of using sorption methods to solve problems of marine radiochemistry, including sampling, preconcentration and radiochemical preparation and methods for measuring the activity of radionuclides. The possible methodological errors at various stages of sampling and sample concentration are discussed. The most widely used artificial (90Sr, 134Cs, 137Cs, 239Pu, 240Pu), natural (210Pb, 210Po; radium quartet: 223Ra, 224Ra, 226Ra, 228Ra; thorium isotopes, mainly 234Th) and cosmogenic (7Be, 32P, 33P) radiotracers are considered. The sorption of uranium from seawater is not addressed, since its concentration in seawater is usually calculated from the known dependence of uranium concentration on seawater salinity. The bibliography includes 200 references.

The key approaches to the synthesis of crown ether-based sorbents, including immobilization both with and without covalent bonding, are reviewed. Examples of sorbent preparation using anodic oxidation, chemical modification of polymers, polycondensation reactions, chemical modification of inorganic supports and radiochemical synthesis for covalent bonding of crown ether moieties are considered. Immobilization methods without covalent bonding including support synthesis in the presence of crown ethers, impregnation of supports with a crown ether solution and the use of powdered crown ether as a sorbent are presented. The applications of sorbents for selective removal of strontium from solutions of radioactive waste and spent nuclear fuel, for radiochemical analysis (determination of strontium in water, soil and biological materials) and for separation of strontium and yttrium isotopes are discussed. The bibliography includes 114 references.