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Disease prevalence survey is one of the population health estimation methods, which allows finding out previously unrecognized diseases or initial stages of chronic illness. Due to medical care low availability a part of village women diseases remains unrecognized and it results in high level of rural population disability and mortality. Because of the lack of official statistical information on disease incidence of female population, the disease prevalence survey has been performed basing on results of city and village women’s periodic health examination in one of Ufa Out-patient Clinics and in a rural municipal region. The survey results show that prevalence rate of village women’s diseases recognized during periodic health examination is statistics wise significantly higher (1160.2 per 1000 of examined) in comparison with city women (907.8 per 1000 of examined, р < 0,001). Among the recognized diseases the first 2 rank places have been taken by circulatory illnesses and neuropathies for both groups of women, the third place has been occupied by endocrine system diseases for city women and by digestive system diseases for village women. It has been defined that relative index of recognized diseases builds up depending on age, but it is signifi-cantly higher for village women. Thus for age group of 21-36 years old the disease incidence among city women was 637.7 per 1000 people of the relevant age, among village women - 728.1, at age of more than 60 years old - 1200.0 and 1528.4 correspondingly. The number of recognized circulatory, endocrine system, excitatory system diseases, neuropathies, eye and its appendages diseases and others has been increasing for the elderly age groups. The obtained results are implemented in developing of women health care procedures.