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Electronic databases used in dentistry are mainly found in electronic medical records held by dentists. Paper is still used in most clinics and institutions, but, with the digital revolution, it will be gradually replaced by electronic methods of storing information. There is, on the other hand, an unexploited part of electronic health records: they can be used in epidemiology studies, for the creation of decision support systems and in a new branch of medicine, in teledentistry. This paper presents, in short, the different possibilities of using medical databases in different contexts and proposes a modern aproach of solving the problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mini-screws have brought new perspectives on the prognosis of the orthodontic treatment due to their ability to provide maximum anchorage and minimum compliance from the patient. Biomaterials used for mini-implant manufacturing are stainless steel, chrome-cobalt alloy, commercially pure titanium and grade 5 titanium alloy. These materials influence the type of cellular response in the host tissue, the stability of the device and, finally, the clinical success. Recent research has met the need for clinicians to enhance the stability of these devices through a series of changes to the surface which is in direct contact with bone. This paper aims to analyze the methods used as a surface treatment for orthodontic mini-implants and to evaluate their influence on the stability of these devices. This paper is a synthesis of existing data in the literature, based on inclusion in the analysis of full-text scientific articles relevant for the chosen topic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The SARS-CoV-2 virus has generated an unprecedented pandemic worldwide for the past 100 years. The healthcare systems have been profoundly challenged by the COVID-19 pandemic; also, tendencies of socio-economic and cultural changes have been observed during this period. One of the professions most affected by this pandemic is dentistry. For dental professionals, the explosion of information available online and through social networks sometimes generates uncertainty and identifying relevant scientific studies and guidelines, which allow the best decisions to be made in the professional activity, can be difficult. The moral obligation of all healthcare providers to care for their patients with the guiding principle of "primum non nocere" is very well known. In this context, national and international guidelines have been developed by accredited professional boards, to correctly inform dental professionals. The purpose of this paper is to identify and highlight the most relevant ethical and safety issues in Romania, which can be applied with confidence during the COVID-19 pandemic, but also in the future, to properly carry out our professional activity and show respect to our patients and to ourselves. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction. Dental impactation is a dental eruption abnormality in which the tooth cannot erupt due to the influence of loco-regional, general and genetic factors. Maxillary canines can often remain impacted and can cause migration or pathological root resorbtion of adjacent teeth, dentigerous cyst formation, shortening the length of the dental arch, which requires the intervention of surgical-orthodontic treatment. Objective. In this paper we presented the orthodontic treatment performed for the correction of the eruption axis of an impacted maxillary canine, which has determined the malocclusion of the lateral incisor and the risk of its pathological root resorbtion. Discussion. After 34 months of orthodontic treatment, the alignment of 23 and 22 was obtained, a relatively balanced occlusion (considering that the patient refused to apply the fixed orthodontic device to the mandibular arch), the orthodontic dental movement being evaluated by repeated radiological examinations at an interval of 10-12 months. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction. Removing the caries risk factors from a particular community (population) is needed for choosing necessary preventive measures, specially designed to decrease the level of the disease in that community. Material and method. This study was conducted on a group of 46 students from two Bucharest schools. Caries diagnosis was made using ICDAS system, DMF-T score being calculated as well. Risk factors analyzed in this paper were cariogenic diet, lack of fluoridation programs and social gradient, data being collected using a specially designed questionnaire made with a contribution of a sociologist. Results. DMF-T score for the entire group was 1.5 ± 1.97. The absence of fluoridation programs was the most prevalent risk factor analyzed in this paper, even it was insufficiently evaluated. Conclusions. This research evaluated three caries risk factors using a specially designed questionnaire which provided a score and a range values for each of them, data which will be used for further investigations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

When opting for an orthodontic treatment, several factors must be considered in order to achieve excellent results. One of the most important factor, for the practitioner and also for the patient, is the duration of the treatment. Aim. In this paper, the aim is to highlight representative factors that influence the duration of orthodontic treatment. Material and method. We performed a retrospective study on 154 clinical cases within the Department of Orthodontics and Dento-facial Orthopedy at the Faculty of Dentistry from Cluj-Napoca and Tg. Mures. The duration of treatment of these patients was calculated excluding the containment stage, focusing only on the factors themselves. Results. The longest therapy time resulted in patients aged 9-12 years (an average of 34.5 months), in those having a class II subdivision 1 malocclusion (an average of 30.6 months), and for extractional treatments (27 months, comparing with 23 months in non-extractional treatments). Conclusion. The longest duration is found in the extractional treatment of Angle class II subdivision 1 patients. On the other hand, the use of temporary anchorage devices (TAD) reduces the duration of the orthodontic treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims. The aim of this paper was to assess the occlusal characteristics of a sample of patients with temporo-mandibular dysfunction. Materials and methods. 40 patients were included in this study, divided into two groups: in the first group, 20 patients were recruited from a private clinic in Cluj-Napoca all of them being diagnosed with temporo-mandibular dysfunction (TMD); the second group - the control group - included 20 subjects, chosen randomly, in the Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry. The inclusion criteria for the first group were: patients with TMD signs and symptoms, no history of trauma, no other organic sources of pain, no associated neuro-muscular diseases. The inclusion criteria for the control group were: clinically healthy patients, no history of trauma, no general history of disease with interest in the structures of the dento-maxillary apparatus, no orthognathic surgery and no ongoing orthodontic or prosthodontic treatment. Patients were examined clinically and the data obtained were statistically analyzed. Results. Statistical analysis revealed several significant results, such as the fact that subjects with TMDs had more frequent muscle pain (p = 0.018) and joint pain (p = 0.004). Also, for patients suffering from disc displacements without reduction, the presence of passive interference in protrusion was observed more often (p = 0.049), and for those with disc displacements with reduction, passive interference in laterality was more frequent (p = 0.010). Discussion. In the present study, interferences in maximum intercuspation (MI) and passive interferences in protrusion were found more frequently in the group of subjects with TMDs, which is consistent with the results in the literature. For subjects with disc displacements, significant differences were found between those disc displacements with reduction and, respectively, without reduction, regarding the passive interference in laterality and passive interference in protrusion, which may be due to the change of position of the articular disc and the trajectory of condylar movement during performing mandibular movements. Conclusions. No correlation has been shown between a certain type of occlusal dysfunction and a certain symptom of temporo-mandibular dysfunction. There are subjects who have occlusal dysfunctions without showing dysfunctional symptoms. Malocclusions may be correlated with dysfunctional signs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims. The paper assessed the degree to which pupils of a primary and middle school from Piteşti (Romania) had benefited from occlusal sealing before a prevention program and the results obtained after implementing the program. Material and method. A cross-sectional clinical study was performed: the first stage consisted of recording the occlusal status of first permanent molars (FPM) (sound occlusal surface / cavity carious lesion / presence of the sealants) and a training on correct oral hygiene was performed. During the second stage (T2), the occlusal surfaces of FPM were sealed with Voco Fissurit FX (FFX), and during the third stage (T3) a clinical assessment of all sealants was performed, from the point of view of retention and possible occurrence of caries in case the sealant is lost. The data were processed with IBM SPSS Statistics 23. Results. Out of the 748 FPM (99.46% of all possible) present during the initial check (T1) of the 188 pupils included in the study (mean age: 8 years 10 months + 1 year 2 months), 185 (24.73%) of them had occlusal caries, and on 75 (10.02%) of them the sealants were present. During stage T2, 146 children (77.65%) from the initial lot benefited from occlusal sealants of 434 FPM with FFX. During the stage T3 assessment, the total retention rate (TRR) of sealants existing during T1 was of 90.66% and 0% caries, and for FFX sealants, it was of 94.23%, 0.69% respectively. Conclusions. Only one tenth of FPM had benefited, before the study, of occlusal sealants and, by the end of the study, 63.77% FPM were sealed. The high TRR and the extremely low risk of caries in case the sealant is lost encourages us to continue the prevention program started. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Restoring of the fully edentulous patients remains one of the great challenges for the dental practitioners, who seek solutions for continuous improvement of the prosthetic methods, starting from understanding the differences between the support offered by the root and the implant to the prosthetic restoration. At the moment, there are many types and systems that improve the connection between the base of the prosthesis and the implant, but the information în the literature regarding their performance îs insufficient. The paper presents a synthesis of the information from the specialized literature regarding the use and the performance of special systems used with overdentures on implants aş well aş the results of a study performed on a sample of 25 patients with parţial and total edentation provisionally prosthetic loaded and tested for a period of 30-45 days. În the clinical cases taken în treatment the method with adjustable simulator and facial arch (7 cases), the method with average simulator (10 clinical cases) and the simple simulator method (8 clinical cases) were used. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aesthetic requirements and expectations of patients have increased greatly in the current social context, which has attracted increasing challenges in the clinical work of prosthodontic specialists. Thus, the predictability of the results of most types of prosthodontic restorations has become absolutely necessary to meet patients' demands, and digital aesthetic prefiguration is a useful and necessary tool. In this context, the paper presents the case of a 55-year-old patient, partially edentulous in the maxillary, rehabilitated by a 13-year-old metal-ceramic bridge. The patient was referred for the reconstruction of the maxillary bridge, which was no longer responding to the aesthetic demands. After a thorough clinical examination, the treatment plan was established and the old bridge was replaced by classical technique. The result was accepted by the patient, who appreciated it as excellent, aesthetically and functionally. To determine to what extent a digital application can bring an aesthetic value to classical coronary restoration techniques, we have used one of the newest and most advanced techniques of digital aesthetic prefiguration, the Visagism application, which has proposed an ideal look of the teeth, also taking into account the patient's temperament, the result of the computer simulation being discussed with the patient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The obstruction of nasal passages determines the disturbance of the function of normal breathing, once the oral breathing is settled. The aim of the present paper is to bring a contribution to the analysis of the prevalence of oral breathing in the etiology of Angle Class II/1 malocclusion. 1,735 children aged 6 to 14/15 from the area of Craiova were part of the present study. The research has revealed a prevalence of 7,24% in the urban area and 6,47% in the rural one. The result is that, once the oral breathing is permanently settled, there may appear disorders in the cranio-facial development, sometimes leading to the appearance of Angle Class II/1 malocclusion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The mandibular foramen (MF) is the place for the inferior alveolar nerve anaesthesia. Knowledge of the anatomical landmarks for its location and of the variations regarding its topography is important for the successful treatments of the mandibular teeth. An analysis of 57 summaries of scientific papers and 41 in extenso articles, using ISI Thomson Web of Knowledge, PubMed and MedLine databases, and additionally, a search in 5 anatomy books were performed. The results showed similarities among most of the accessed studies, but also differences. The most frequent variations concerning the MF position were in relation to the vertical plane. According to most authors, the MF is located in the posterior middle third of the anterior-posterior plane of the mandibular ramus. A precise location of the MF provides therapeutic safety and lack of complications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Today, virtual reality has a broad spectrum of applications in fields as diverse as architecture, sports, arts or medicine. One of the applications of virtual reality in medicine is the virtual articulator, a digital instrument that was designed as a tool for comprehensive analysis of static and dynamic occlusal relations, the purpose being to substitute the use of mechanical articulators and consequently, of the mechanical errors involved by their use. This paper is a systematic review of the literature on published studies about the functionality and application of the virtual articulators in the analysis of dental occlusion. An electronic search was conducted based on a combination of keywords, using the search engines of Pubmed/Medline and ScienceDirect. Most of the identified studies show that the reproduction of occlusal contacts using virtual articulators has superior, or at least similar, fidelity compared to the conventional techniques, both in static or dynamic manners. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this paper is: (1) to present the pertinent factors for obtaining an esthetic multiple-tooth implant-borne fixed superstructure in the load-bearing area and (2) to assess the prognostic value of the initial esthetic score calculation for this type of prothesis. Materials and methods: from December 2002 to March 2016 we inserted in all load-bearing areas 243 multiple-tooth implant-borne fixed superstructures. We have calculated the initial esthetic score, e g. before treatment and biased it against the final one, e.g. after treatment completion. Results: the initial esthetic score matched the final one up to a maximal 2-point deviation. Discussion: the only 91% accuracy match is probably due to several subjective paragraphs like “esthetic requirements" or “hygiene level and availability", but also due to giving up using surgical guides. Conclusions: calculation of an initial esthetic score seems to be an acceptable method for predicting the esthetic outcome for multiple-tooth implant-borne fixed superstructures in the load-bearing areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim. Untill now, CAD/CAM technologies meant exclusively milled dental restorations. With the development of 3D Printing technologies they are penetrating in the medical field. The purpose of this paper is to illustrate the application of additive technologies in dentistry. Materials and methods. On a maxillary first molar preparation two metal copings were made for fixed metal-ceramic partial restorations using additive technologies: Direct MetalLaser Sintering (DMLS) and Selective Laser Melting (SLM). Digital light processing technology (DLP) was used to produce a surgical guide for insertion of a post-extraction dental implant and also for a long-term temporary restoration. Results. Innovative additive technologies used in dental technology shows numerous advantages over classical technologies slip-casting and milling procedures for alloys and polymerization for resin materials, resulting prosthetic parts with a different internal structure, faster, with less cost, with a huge development potential. Conclusions. The benefits of using CAD/CAM technology includes reduced treatment time, superior accuracy and precise visualization of the final result of the treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this paper is: (1) to present the relevant factors for obtaining an esthetic implant-borne singletooth crown and (2) to assess the prognostic value of the initial esthetic score calculation. Materials and methods. From December 2002 to March 2016 we inserted 287 single-unit implant-borne crowns. We have calculated the initial esthetic score, e.g. before treatment and biased it against the final one, e.g. after treatment completion. Results. The initial esthetic score matched the final one up to a maximal 2-point deviation in 84% of the cases. Discussion. The only 84% accuracy match is probably due to some subjective paragraphs like “esthetic requirements” or “hygiene level and availability”. Conclusions. Calculation of an initial esthetic score seems to be an acceptable method for predicting the esthetic outcome of implant-borne single-tooth crowns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The basal cell adenoma (BCA) is a rare tumor entity of the salivary glands. It represents an adenoma monomorphic form, first mentioned by Kleinasser and Klein in 1967. (13) The most frequent location is at the level of the parotid gland. It presents itself usually as a tumorous firm mass, mobile, with slow increase. Microscopically, the tumour contains monomorphic basal cells with the absence of myoepithelial cells. Histologically, it is characterised by the presence of hilar stroma presence, soft, and with the absence of the myxoid or chondroid stroma. It presents similarities with the mixed tumour, but also with the adenocarcinoma with basal cells and with the cystic adenoid carcinoma. Therefore, questions may arise regarding the diagnostic and treatment. It tends to be multifocal and the rate of relapse after the surgical excision is high. Taking into consideration all these aspects, in this paper we would want to show a case of adenoma with basal cells with parotid localization which presented a series of clinical-morphological particularities in parallels with the data existing in the specialized literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The stability of dental implants is a prerequisite for osseointegration. Osseointegration is the process that involves the formation of bone around the dental implant, resulting in increased stability and its integration in the organism. Therefore, successful osseointegration contributes to a functionally optimal treatment. There is a need for a clinical method capable of measurement of bone quality at the time and following implant placement, to measure the degree of osseointegration and the ability of the implants to distribute loads to the surrounding bone. Research to date focuses on finding an ideal method to assess the osseointegration of dental implants in order to improve and broaden the clinical indications of dental implant systems. This paper aims to supply information about current methods used to assess the osseointegration of dental implants. In this regard, a literature review was conducted. Full-text scientific articles relevant to the chosen topic, written in English or whose text could be accessed in English were included. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Osteonecrosis of the jaw (ONJ) induced by treatment with bisphosphonates is an adverse effect at this class of drugs whose history in the treatment of osteoporosis and bone malignant neoplasm is not very long, the fi rst cases being reported in 2003-2004. Unfortunately, progress on both the number of cases and their complexity is fulminating. Currently, any dentist should be familiar with the symptoms of the disease but also with the potential risk of onset as well as its prevention. In this paper we present a therapeutic protocol that includes the use of piezosurgery, laser therapy, autologous platelet concentrates (A-PRF) and antibiotic applicable in patients with osteoporosis or bone malignancies undergoing treatment with bisphosphonates intravenously so as to prevent the installation of ONJ. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Canine edentulous raises numerous aesthetic and functional problems, and rehabilitation with implant support require special attention during occlusal equilibration due to forces developed at this level. In this paper, we present a case of edentation of 23, prosthesis with a metal-ceramic crowns cemented on a dental implant. Because residual bone crest present inadequate size for implantation, we used an autograft of chin covered by a PRF membrane prior insertion of the implant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study is a review of the specialised literature regarding the intraoral autogenous bone grafts used in oral implantology. 382 abstracts of scientific papers, 71 full-text scientific articles and 9 specialized books, out of which 113 included in the references, were studied. The area behind the mandibular third molar, the posterior buccal area of the mandible body and the mandibular symphysis are the most frequently used sites for intraoral block bone harvesting. The mandible should be the first choice in the intraoral donor site selection for peri-implant augmentation, if the quantity of bone that is going to be harvested is considered to be enough. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Orthodontic implants, called mini-implants or temporary anchorage devices, have been designed to meet the needs of orthodontic biomechanics. Having the goal of providing resistance to unwanted tooth movements, anchorage is chosen according to the main factors that influence the quality of orthodontic care. Of these, local factors such as bone quality, space, thickness of the gum, etc. should be correlated with those watching the miniimplant design, geometric and dimensional factors that are taken into account for the stability of the mini-implant. This paper summarizes some of the results of the research aimed to analyze the main factors of stability of miniimplants used for orthodontic anchorage and how to measure it using the mini-implants (design shape and dimensions) and a special equipment for testing the tensile strenghth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Physiognomy dysfunction refers to changes localized to the anterior teeth, resulting in a deterioration of harmony dental dental dental-alveolar and dental-facial, with negative consequences for their images, as well as the perceived entourage. The purpose of this paper is to highlight therapeutic solutions morphofunctional anterior teeth in patients who have disorders physiognomy. Material and methods. For the study 158 patients were examined, 100 women and 58 men, aged between 20 and 40 years, who had dysfunction physiognomy. Results and discussion. Physiognomy dysfunction using porcelain veneers, unlike direct composite resin veneers, highlighted a number of advantages and disadvantages. Conclusions. The choice and application of treatment should be individualized to each case. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the results of an observational case study on a group of 20 patients, regarding the anti-inflammatory, immunostimulatory, immunomodulatory and reparative effects of natural supplements in various viral infections of the oral cavity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Assessment of dento-facial appearance and esthetics is difficult as they are subjectively quantified, a patients' and doctors' perception being often different. The face is the most expressive part of the human body and a key factor in the socio-professional integration. Losing teeth affects the overall facial appearance and frequently results in psychological trauma, altering mastication and phonetics. It is therefore essential that prosthetic treatment provides a favorable esthetic and functional outcome. Achieving functional and naturally integrated prosthodontic restorations is a constant challenge for the dentist. The purpose of this paper was to identify the main factors involved in the esthetic analysis of the maxillary anterior region, investigating the relationship between maxillary anterior teeth and different facial features and landmarks. In this regard, a literature review was conducted using the following databases: Medline, ScienceDirect, Wiley Online Library. The inclusion criteria were: articles that were published in journals with impact factor, full-text articles, relevant articles to the chosen topic, articles and books written in English or Romanian or whose text could be accessed in one of these two languages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives. Since maxillary sinusitis treated unjustly or ignored leads to life-threatening complications, the goal of this paper is to show the possibility of these complications and difficulties involved in their treatment. Material and method. We present the case of a female patient of 20 years who developed brain abscesses following tooth extraction. Results. Early detection, multidisciplinary approach ENT – neurosurgery, after early suspicion of complication yielded a favorable evolution in case presented. Conclusion. Maxillary sinusitis complicated with brain abscess is an immediate emergency, surgical treatment is complex, requiring a multidisciplinary team. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dental impaction is the result of an eruption pathology and can accompany other dento-maxillary developmental disorders. Etiopathogenesis of dental impaction is very much debated in the literature, without having reached a conclusion unanimously accepted by the authors. Dental inclusions can be caused by various factors, including dental bud of the tooth itself, the neighboring tissues and organs, and also general causes. Treatment of dental impaction is interdisciplinary, both orthodontic and surgical. This paper supports the role of metabolic disorders in the etiology of dental impaction. New therapeutical procedures are illustrated by presenting clinical cases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to evaluate oral health status of 102 Romanian mentally disabled athletes (average age 17.94 years). Material and methods. Data was collected by oral screening and interview in a Special Smiles project. Dental and periodontal status were recorded, as well as presence of sealants, athletes’ homely oral hygiene routine (who performes the brushing, type of toothbrush, use of dental floss and fluoride gel/rinse). Athletes stated whether they had regular dental check-ups. DMF-T and restoration index RI=[(F/F+D)x100] were calculated. Plaque was scored by Lőe and Silness index (PI). Results. 77.5% of the athletes had untreated caries, 14.7% were caries free and 7.8% had all their dental lesions treated. DMF-T=6.49 [SD 6.0], D=4.48, M=0.32, F=1.12; RI=16.8%. 19.6% of the subjects had at least one extracted molar. 55.7 had calculus, 78.4 had gingivitis, PI=1.43 [SD 0.72]. 37.1% of the athletes stated that they had regular dental check-ups. 5.2% of the subjects had sealants. 83.5% brushed their own teeth, 4.1% needed help with brushing and 11.3% were brushed by caregivers. Regular brush was exclusively used by 92.8% while 4.1% only used electric brush. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Incontinentia Pigmenti (Bloch-Sulzberger syndrome) is a hereditary dermatosis with X-linked dominant transmission, characterized by cutaneous lesions associated with abnormal development of the CNS stage, ophthalmic, scheletic, jaws and teeth. (1,3-5) . The purpose of this paper is to describe the dental anomalies grouped in triad: abnormal number, shape and eruption disturbances encountered in Bloch-Sulzberger syndrome. Material and methods. Is presented the clinical case of an 8 years patient diagnosed with incontinentia pigmenti at the age of 3, with severe functional impairment due to anomalies in the oral cavity. Results and discussion. These severe disorders led to dysfunctions of physiognomy and mastication, for which the patient requested dental care. The main issue is to optimizethe masticatory function, possible at this age through mobile prosthesis that will also solve the phonetic disorder. The patient should be monitored during the growth process and after this process ended new treatment solution must be implemented. Conclusions. Early dental visits, parental awareness of the importance of regular checks to ensure the dental health, monitor the growth process and a multidisciplinary approach are the goals in the treatment of children with incontinentia pigmenti. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The optimal outcome of complete denture treatment must be validated by the successful integration of the prosthesis with patient's oral functions. In this aim the denture base must be properly extended to cover the optimal available denture-bearing area, without interfering with the health and function of the structures surrounding the denture. This paper describes the fabrication of mandibular complete dentures for some edentulous patients with uni- or bilateral retentive lingual spaces. The extension of the lingual fl anges of the mandibular denture into these spaces has improved the retention and stability of the dentures in these cases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Microbial biofilm is an aggregate of microorganisms which can be formed on living or non-living surfaces and can be spread everywhere in nature. Common infectious processes involving biofilms include urinary tract infections, middle ear infections, dental plaque, gingivitis, inert surfaces of implanted devices (catheters, prosthetic heart valves, dental implants and intrauterine devices). In this paper the authors have done an update of the current knowledge of the theoretical aspects of cellular mechanisms that affect microbial physiology and pathology; hence a better understanding of the microbial biofilm processes resulting in effective strategies of the control of biofilm and improvement of patient management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the study. This paper aims to analyze in vitro the imperviousness of the canal filling at the apical level in the case of the monoradicular teeth with external apical resorption, using various filling techniques. Materials and methodology. The study was made on 57 monoradicular extracted teeth with apical resorption. The root canals underwent different treatment according to the chosen filling method (step back with conical files 0.2% up to no. 80 ISO and with ProTaper manual files). Then, the teeth were divided into four groups, according to the chosen root canal filling technique (group I - classical monocon filling technique, group II - master cone filling, group III - lateral cold compactation, group IV - vertical compactation of warm Gutta Percha). After filling, the dye leakage test was made, for 36 hours, followed by the longitudinal section of the teeth undergoing the study. Results. There were no significant differences between the second and third group, but there were important distinctions between these two and the first group, on one hand, and the fourth group, on the other hand. Conclusions: One must not disregard the importance of choosing the right materials and the root canal filling techniques, according to the presence or absence of the apical pathology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The congenitally missing upper lateral incisor has been mostly reported as the second most common tooth agenesis. For every patient there are clinical issues that must be taken into account. As a general rule, there are two treatment options for the maxillary lateral incisor agenesis: space opening for a tooth-supported restoration or a single-tooth implant and space closure and canine substitution. This paper describes the two therapeutical approaches used in two clinical cases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to conduct a comparative analysis of the effect of applying of dynamic stresses on Standard and Standard Plus implants of different sizes, single or solidarized. The study aims to obtain conclusive information at qualitative level, on the behavior of different types of implants, without providing valid answers regarding the quantitative aspect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The evolution of techniques and methods of dental treatment require the use of materials that have a high degree of biocompatibility and a superior histological integration. Toothless treatment using dental implant prosthesis is now a treatment option that is increasingly used. For success of such treatment, an important first step is the dental implant osseointegration.The purpose of this paper is to assess, comparatively, in vivo, the process of osseointegration of titanium implants versus zirconium implants. Material and methods. For the evaluation of osseointegration process we made a study of morphological and histological aspects of bone around the implant on batch of rabbits. The histological integration was followed in a dynamic period of 30 days and 60 days. The results showed that the process of osseointegration has risen slightly different trend in the groups studied. Osteoinductive phenomena were conducted at an interval of 30 days in a faster rate to zirconium implants, but after 60 days, in all cases, at the implant insertion site was formed bone which completely replaced the fi brous tissue. Findings confi rm the osteoinductive properties of titanium alloys and reveals that zirconium osteoconductive properties have increased, as demonstrated by a faster reaction to the phenomenon of bone apposition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction. In recent years, making prosthetic restorations with high aesthetics was a constant challenge to the dentist. New materials and technologies for obtaining fixed prosthetic rehabilitation without metal support make an important contribution in obtaining dental aesthetics. Case presentation. In this paper we present the case of a patient who requested recovery prosthetic treatment of maxillary region for aesthetic reasons. Conclusions. Using in the current dental practice of ceramic crowns on zirconium support was an important step for achieving superior esthetic restorations, much better integrated and highly tolerated by periodontal tissues. Today, patients are much better informed and asks for oral rehabilitation with modern materials with high bio compatibility and look as close to natural. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dental treatment in the lateral maxilla represents a potential cause of maxillary sinus complications. When complications occur, they are severe and difficult to manage. The aim of this paper is to review the clinical procedures during which such complications may occur, in order to reduce their risk and to improve dental treatment long term performances. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim. Recent studies demonstrate the importance of occlusal balance of total removable denture when applying them in the prosthetic field. The purpose of this study is to assess the distribution and number of dental contacts in total removable denture resulting total coincidence with the result obtained and the relationship between MCR. Materials and methods. Study group included a total of 198 patients who were total edentulous in the begining an have been hearing over three years in Removable Prosthetics dental discipline. Detection of dental tooth contact was made with the joint paper with a thickness of 60 microns by interposing it between their dentures when applying them on the prosthetic field. Results. Of the 198 patients studied, 119 were bimaxilar edentulous and 79 unimaxilar so that the number of implants examined was. Of the total of 317 dentures in bimaxilar edentulous patients a total of 87 had bilateral contacts in the application of dentures and balancing does not require chewing sessions, and the rest had unilateral dental contact intensity and required less chewing balancing sessions. In unimaxilar edentulous patients percentage of patients who underwent occlusal equilibration was higher, this being due to antagonists. Conclusions. This study demonstrated the importance of occlusal balance when applying dentures on edentulous prosthetic fields. Statistically, it was demonstrated an unequal distribution of dental contacts especially in total unimaxilar edentulous patients, and the presence of dental contacts distributed in balance in bimaxilare denture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the present paper is to establish the incidence of NCCL, depending on age, gender, types of teeth, the degree of tooth wear, presence of sclerotic dentin, pulp exposure and subgingival extent. Material and method. The study was conducted on 480 patients (268 female, 212 male) aged between 18- 68. The incidence of NCCL was achieved after completing a questionnaire and from clinical examination. The results were statistically processed using Microsoft Excel in order to obtain data to enable a fair approach to patients with this pathology. Results and discussion. Most lesions were observed in the upper first premolars and than the lower, followed by second premolar and upper first molar. Sclerotic dentin is present at 70.81% of the examined patients with NCCL, affecting more the 59-68 age group. Subgingival extent occurs in 22.16% of patients and is more pronounced with males. Pulp exposure occurs in elderly patients. Patients with high degree of wear occur in age groups 39-48 and 49-58. NCCL are associated with occlusal wear facets in 65.40% of cases. The association with gingival recession is due to horizontal brushing, done with high pressure or in cases with existing periodontal diseases. The teeth with NCCL have low mobility. Most treatment requests were made by females in age groups 29-38 and 39-48. In the age group 18-28, erosive lesions predominate, than come abfractions, abrasions and erosive wear. Conclusions. NCCL are are frequently seen at elderly people. Extreme physical or chemical wear can cause damage to the shape, function and vitality of the teeth, causing aesthetical problems, unpleasant hypersensitivity, painful sensations, pathological pulp changes and tooth structure loss. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]