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Rickets in children is a frequent nutritional disorder met even nowadays in clinical practice, with predominence of light and medium forms. Authors discuss the epidemiological and disease mechanisms' aspects, revealing specific risk factors for age groups along with hystological and pathogenical aspects. There are detailed descriptions of clinical and radiological aspects of disease and elements of positive and differential diagnosis. Prophylactic and curative treatment are issued after Bucharest ICMC, whose recommendations are an excellent guide. Finally, authors elaborate evolutive considerations in the absence of treatment and under specific therapy with vitamin D. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper reviews present and principal aspects of type 1 diabetes mellitus in children. There are presented: epidemiology of type 1 diabetes mellitus, with important geographical variations that the magnitude of the problem, main etiopathogenical aspects (genetical, immunological, environmental), etiologic classification of diabetes according to ISPAD 2000 Guidelines with main disease mechanisms and clinical features in children. The authors also discuss laboratory diagnosis and complex therapy of diabetes, which lies on the therapeutic triad: insulin therapy with available products, diet and exercise along with pacient education and self-monitoring. There are also mentioned acute and chronic complications, autoimmune associated diseases, legal matters and prognosis of this disease with immune pathogenic features in focus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Diarrhea is a major health problem and a common cause of morbidity and mortality in children, Rotavirus being the most frequent cause of infectious diarrhea in infants and young children. Aim. Evaluation of patients diagnosted and treated at Arcadia Hospital with Rotavirus gastroenteritis associated on admission with leukocytosis with polynucleosis, and development of a prognostic score by analyzing the associated clinical and biological changes. Methods. Included in the study were 70 patients diagnosed with Rotavirus diarrheea in which several clinical and biological parameters were analyzed in view of determining the changes occurring in those associating leukocytosis with polynucleosis at onset. By statistical analysis the "profile" of the patient with Rotavirus diarrhea associated with leukocytosis with polynucleosis was outlined. Thus we formulated a porgnostic score classifying Rotavirus gastroenteritis into 3 forms: mild (score < 11), moderate (score = 12-20) and severe (score > 20). Clinical course in patients associating leukocytosis with polynucleosis was considered favorable within approximately 1½-3 days, corresponding to prognostic score 12-20. Conclusions. Leucocytosis with polynucleosis at onset in patients with Rotavirus gastroenteritis is not an indicator of bacterial infection, but a negative prognostic factor. This score is easy to calculate and use in clinical practice in patients with acute Rotavirus diarrheea and allows a rapid formulation of prognosis and estimation of disease progression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Diareea reprezintă o problemă majoră de sănătate şi o cauză comună de morbiditate şi mortalitate la copii, Rotavirusul reprezentând cea mai importantă cauză de diaree infecţioasă la sugar şi copilul mic. Obiectivul lucrării. Evaluarea pacienţilor diagnosticaţi şi spitalizaţi în Arcadia Hospital cu gastroenterită acută cu Rotavirus, care prezentau la internare leucocitoză cu polinucleoză şi elaborarea unui scor prognostic prin analiza modificărilor clinice şi biologice asociate. Material şi metodă. Am urmărit 70 de pacienţi diagnosticaţi cu diaree cu Rotavirus, la care am analizat mai mulţi parametri clinici şi biologici, urmărind modificările la cei care asociau leucocitoză cu polinucleoză la debut. Am conturat cu ajutorul analizei statistice "profilul" pacientului cu diaree cu Rotavirus care asociază leucocitoza cu polinucleoză. Am formulat astfel un scor prognostic care clasifică gastroenterita cu Rotavirus în 3 forme: uşoară (scor prognostic < 11), moderată (scor prognostic = 12-20) şi severă (scor > 20). Evoluţia la pacienţii care asociau leucocitoză cu polinucleoză a fost considerată favorabilă într-un interval de aproximativ 1½-3 zile, corespunzând scorului prognostic cuprins între 12-20. Concluzii. Leucocitoza cu polinucleoză la debut la pacienţii cu gastroenterită cu Rotavirus nu a reprezentat un indicator de infecţie bacteriană, ci un element de prognostic nefavorabil. Scorul prognostic propus este uşor de calculat şi de aplicat în practica medicală la pacienţii cu diaree acută cu Rotavirus şi permite formularea rapidă a prognosticului şi estimarea duratei de evoluţie a bolii. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Portal hypertension (PHT) is responsible for the more severe and even lethal complications of chronic liver disease and cirrhosis. Among structural and functional changes of the liver in portal hypertension, recent pathogenic approaches show an initial involvement of the hepatic vascular structures. Endothelial dysfunction results in impaired vascular tone, increased intrahepatic vascular resistance and development of hyperdinamic circulation. Nitric oxide, endothelin, endothelial-derived contracting factors are powerful vasoactive substances released from the endothelium in response to both humoral and mechanical stimuli that can profoundly affect both the function and structure of the underlying vascular smooth muscle. Pharmacotherapy for PHT is aimed at decreasing both intrahepatic vascular resistance (increase bioavailability of vasoactive substances) and reducing elevated splanchnic blood flow. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]