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Oral rehabilitation is a crucial aspect of dental medicine, focusing on restoring and enhancing the function, aesthetics, and overall quality of life for patients with missing or compromised teeth. The use of technology in restorative dentistry has significantly advanced the field, offering various options for dental prostheses, including implant-supported caps, micro-supported dentures, fixed partial dentures, and removable dentures. Increasing the performance of restorations was the major objective of these digital techniques. Computer-aided design and manufacturing (CAD/CAM) technology is utilized for the production of dentures, record bases, radiographic guides, conversion dentures, and verification jigs. This technology has revolutionized the fabrication process, offering precision and efficiency in creating dental prostheses.

The concept “Molar Incisor Hypomineralization” (MIH) was introduced in 2001 to specify enamel hypomineralization impacting one or more permanent first molars, commonly accompanied by the involvement of one or more permanent incisors. The severity of carious lesions can be influenced and exacerbated by alterations in the structure of enamel and dentin. Consequently, MIH syndrome (Molar Incisor Hypomineralization syndrome) may pose a significant health concern for pediatric, adolescent, and young adult patients, as well as their tutors or caregivers, and for both pediatric and general dental practitioners. MIH syndrome is gaining considerable attention amongst worldwide clinicians and pediatric dentists as a result of its extensive clinical impact on oral health and quality of life and its various consequences (immediate, medium and long term) on the dental arch development, occlusion and psychological impact on the pediatric patient.

The technologies for full dentures realization are almost the same for more than fifty years despite their being associated with many risks of error. In recent years, digital technologies have been increasingly used in dental practice, due to the many advantages it offers. The CAD / CAM technologies, are moving constantly in new directions, to provide exciting, innovative products and systems, with the highest quality standards. Thanks to CAD/CAM technologies, perfect clinical restorations can be achieved, with no secondary reactions and excellent esthetic appearance, through a digital cooperation between dentists and dental laboratories. CAD/CAM technology allows the realization of a well-fitting, aesthetic, and durable prosthetic appliances. Conventional technologies also have a number of advantages and disadvantages that must be known, and computerized methods have not only advantages but also disadvantages. We cannot notice that there is an ideal technology, but that we can choose, knowingly, the most appropriate method for each clinical case. The present paper aims to comparatively analyze a series of clinical parameters of conventional complete and CAD-CAM complete dentures.

Oral rehabilitation is a crucial aspect of dental medicine, focusing on restoring and enhancing the function, aesthetics, and overall quality of life for patients with missing or compromised teeth. The use of technology in restorative dentistry has significantly advanced the field, offering various options for dental prostheses, including implant-supported caps, micro-supported dentures, fixed partial dentures, and removable dentures. Increasing the performance of restorations was the major objective of these digital techniques. Computer-aided design and manufacturing (CAD/CAM) technology is utilized for the production of dentures, record bases, radiographic guides, conversion dentures, and verification jigs. This technology has revolutionized the fabrication process, offering precision and efficiency in creating dental prostheses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

he role of platelets is to trigger the inflammatory response which, in turn, will trigger the presence of tissue growth factors that will be involved in the tissue repair process. Platelet rich plasma (PRP) is a concentrate used for therapeutic purposes which has become increasingly used by treating various dermatological pathologies, musculoskeletal disorders and not least with increasingly frequent indications in the pathology of the oro-dento-maxillare sphere, as a consequence of its potential to repair tissues with reduced regeneration capacity and apparent harmlessness. PRP is defined as a plasma preparation with a higher platelet content than found in the blood flow of a healthy individual (200 000 per microliter) typically 5 times higher. This study in the literature aims to review the biological basis of PRP, its preparation and processing for its use as well as its main applications. At the same time, another derivative of practical importance in dental medicine, PRF (plateled rich fibrin), is presented. PRF is a second-generation PRP thrombocyte concentrate, which provides the implant dentist with access to growth factors through a simple and up-to-date technology. These growth factors are autologous, non-toxic and non-immunogenic, increasing and accelerating normal bone regeneration pathways.

This article provides a comprehensive overview of the diagnosis and treatment of Molar Incisor Hypomineralization (MIH), a condition that affects the enamel of permanent first molars and incisors. It emphasizes the importance of early detection and intervention, as MIH can have significant impacts on oral health and dental arch development. The article discusses the challenges of diagnosing MIH and highlights the distinct characteristics and complications of the condition. Treatment approaches include preventive measures such as fluoride toothpaste and sealants, as well as curative approaches like restorations and, in some cases, extraction. The article also emphasizes the need for an interdisciplinary approach involving various healthcare professionals to effectively manage MIH and provide appropriate treatment and preventive care. The accompanying document provides a valuable list of references from dental journals and articles, offering diverse perspectives and research findings on topics related to hypomineralized molars and incisors, treatment outcomes, the role of orthodontists, extraction guidelines, and dentoalveolar changes after extractions. [Extracted from the article]

In the context of demographic aging, the demographic pressure conditions brought by population segment over 65 years, it is obvious that the proportion health problems specific to this age increase, representing a challenge to the medical world.In older adults, OHRQoL is known to be associated with socioeconomic status with regular dental visits, subjective masticatory capacity and the number of remaining natural teeth. By analyzing and processing the data obtained through questionnaires we got that gender, education level, state of life, ability to obtain living expenses, status dentures, dental checks, treatments and dental visits in the past year were not significantly associated with altered stomatognathic system functions and total scores of GOHAI

Introduction and aim: Osteoporosis, a systemic skeletal disease characterized by an inflammatory status, can enhance the inflammation on periodontal level, with severe alveolar bone loss. The study proposed an evaluation of local and systemic RANKL levels, pre- and post- periodontal therapy. Materials and method: The clinical study was conducted in patients with chronic periodontitis, divided in osteoporosis group and systemically healthy subjects. The clinical periodontal parameters were determined at baseline and after scaling and root planing. The RANKL levels were investigated pre-therapy in gingival crevicular fluid and post-therapy in serum. Results and discussion: The periodontal tissue loss and the crevicular fluid RANKL were significantly more severe in the osteoporosis group, as image of the local influence of an impaired skeletal system. Both groups had a positive response to the periodontal therapy, with low levels of clinical parameters and serum RANKL. Conclusions: Our results support the relationship between osteoporosis and periodontal inflammatory changes, which can be amended by the conventional therapy.

Introduction. Proffit’s experience shows that orthodontic treatment is an option even after severe periodontal problems occurred. He claims that if an optimal control of the periodontal condition is maintained then we will not experience any additional bone loss. Although the exact magnitude of the orthodontic forces is difficult to be determined in clinical practice, the literature recommends around 0.2 N as an optimal value for an intrusive force. Material and method.We used FEM Catia V5R16 software in order to create an accurate model of a maxillary arch and of an upper central incisor.The upper central incisor was designed in such a way that it will respect in the smallest details the real characteristics.We applied and optimal intrusive force with the magnitude of 0.25 N at the level of maxillary central incisor with no periodontal disease. Results and discussion.We can remark that under the effect of an oprimal force, σ ech inside the complex toothPDL-alveolar bone is similar both for the case with no periodontal disease and for the one with 33% HBL.The tension on the direction of the force (σ c) shows a very light inscrease of 5,97% in the case of 33% HBL compared to the case of no HBL.Analyzing the results of the tooth movement (f) registered during loading with a 0,25 N intrusive force, we can state that f stays constant in the case of no HBL and in the case of 33% HBL. Conclusions.Intrusion of maxillary central incisors using an optimal force showed to be a strong alternative of treatment in the periodontal cases.

Obstructive sleep apnea in children is due to adeno-tonsillar hypertrophy, in the majority of cases – a common condition in children that can be cured by the ENT surgeon by a relatively safe surgery. The final diagnosis of Obstructive sleep apnea is possible with polysomnography. This test is difficult to be performed in small children due to the contact sensors that are displaced during the agitated sleep of a child with sleep apnea. We propose a quasi noncontact sensor to be used to record the respiratory movements of children during sleep. The preliminary tests show that the method might be applicable in the clinical settings.

Aim:The present clinical trial was designed to gather data about patient satisfaction and complications related to complete dentures and to evaluate their possible relation with several denture-related parameters. Material and methods:The patients and dentures were examined and prosthetic complications were recorded. Results and discussions:In the present study, the most frequently encountered complication was loss of retention (85.9%), followed by mucosal irritation (44.2%), in accordance with the results of previous studies.Conclusions: Within limitations the most frequently encountered complication is loss of retention.

Aim of the study The concept of quality of life in oral health involves psychological and social aspects for elderly patients – in this respect, there were created tools to quantify these elements, the representative is the complex questionnaires OHIP-14Sp. Material and methods The OHIP-14 questionnaire was applied to our study-group of 214 elderly patients, (121 women and 93 men), aged 57 to 74 years, from urban and rural areas. Recorded data were statistically processed using SPSS-18.0 software and interpreted, by correlating the psychological and social aspects and its impact on quality of life. Results The results obtained from the domains of the questionnaire revealed a moderate impaired quality of life, without statistically significant differences between Psychological and Social Disabilities (p=0,415/p=0,536). Conclusions This model demonstrates the importance of psychological factors and social aspects of quality of life in elderly patients, and the need for psycho-social approach in a broader spectrum within specialized medical treatments.

The study proposes an assessment of the influence of the periodontal disease therapy by scaling and root planing on the glicemic status in patients with type II diabetes mellitus. Materials and method: The study was conducted on 21 patients with type I diabetes mellitus (study group) and 10 systemically healthy subjects (control group). We examined: the degree of glycemic control (by measuring the glycated hemoglobin), the periodontal and oral hygiene parameters at the baseline and after 4 weeks, 6 months and 12 months after the periodontal treatment which consisted in scaling and root planning. Results and discussion: The subjects with a poor glycemic control presented a higher percentage of sites with attachment loss, significantly higher amounts of bacterial plaque, sub-gingival calculus and gingival bleeding when compared with the control group or the subjects with good or moderated glycemic control. In the same group we observed a rapid recurrence of the deep periodontal pockets after 12 months. Conclusions: The prolonged poor control of the glycemia and the time elapsed from the debut of the diabetes were closely related with its complications. The comparisons between the diabetes and the control groups demonstrated that diabetes mellitus is a risk factor for the periodontal disease.

Aim: Removable partial dentures (RPDs) can influence the oral health and have the potential to cause further tooth loss, especially of abutment teeth. However, no evidence indicates the effective interval of regular periodontal maintenance after RPD provision. This study aimed to examine the impact of regular periodontal maintenance visits on survival of RPD abutment teeth. Materials and Methods: Patients were included if they had been provided with a clasp-retained RPD and had used it for 2 years or more. According to the frequency of periodontal maintenance, study samples were divided into three groups; every 3–6 months (3–6M) group, 1-year (1Y) group and no-maintenance (NM) group. Results: Five-year cumulative survival rates were 82.6% (3–6M), 74.4% (1Y) and 70.8% (NM) respectively. Survival of abutment teeth in the 3–6M group was significantly better than both 1Y and NM groups. Conclusion: The periodontal maintenance at least once in 6 months had the most favorable outcome. Frequent periodontal maintenance after RPD provision could be effective in preventing further tooth loss.

Background and aim Substantial evidence supports an association between chronic infections/inflammation, and cancer. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of chronic periodontitis on head and neck squamouscell carcinoma (HNSCC). Material and methods The study population consisted of 46 patients, divided into two groups. Cases were patients diagnosed with primary HNSCC (n=26). Controls were all patients seen during the same period of time but negative for malignancy (n=20). The severity of periodontitis was assessed through clinical determination of the bleeding index, periodontal index, tooth mobility degree and alveolar bone loss (ABL) on standardized panoramic radiographs. Results and discussions: Each millimeter of ABL was associated with >4-fold increased risk of HNSCC. The strength of the association was greatest in the oral cavity, followed by the oropharynx and larynx. The association persisted in subjects who never used tobacco and alcohol. Patients with periodontitis, whose bleeding and periodontal indices and tooth mobility values were higher, were more likely to have poorly differentiated oral cavity SCC than those without periodontitis (32.8% versus 11.5%; P = 0.038). Conclusions This study suggests that chronic periodontitis is a risk factor for HNSCC. These results have implications for practical and improved strategies for prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of HNSCC.

With its localized and generalized forms, aggressive periodontitis is a progressing disease which affects especially young patients in good health. The periodontal pathogens most associated to cases of aggressive periodontitis are Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and Pophyromonas gingivalis. We present to you a more unusual case of a 51-year-old man suffering from an aggressive periodontitis, with all the clinical, radiographic and bacteriologic findings. The therapy phase included scaling and root planning followed by a combination of Amoxicillin and Metronidazole 500mg of each, every 8 hours, for 7 days. The therapeutic outcomes were very favorable.

The aim of this study was to identify a correlation between decreasing on the effective periodontal surface and the level of the periodontal attachment. Materials and methods. The average values for total lateral root area were determined using software for measuring polygonal surfaces - UTHSC Image Tool 3.0. Also, it was necessary to determine the mean values for root length (using test t Student, ANOVA). These determinations were made on 140 extracted permanent teeth. Using simple regression from the tests General Linear Models (program Statistic 6.0) a linear function, y=b0 +b1x, was applied to establish a correlation between periodontal effective surface variation (y) and intraalveolar bone root length (x), for each tooth. Results Simulating the same level of periodontal attachment (e.g. 7 mm) has shown that, in case of monoradicular teeth, the periodontal functional surface resulted was greater as tooth root increased (e.g. 38,19% for the upper central incisor vs 50,54% for maxillary canine). In case of multi-rooted teeth, the periodontal functional areas were almost equal (e.g. 45.84% on upper M1 vs 44.36% on mandibular M1). Conclusions With a longer root, tooth implantation is better. Also, by comparison, multi-rooted teeth have a more pronounced decrease of periodontal ligament area for the same reduction of periodontal attachment level.

Introduction and aim of the study: The IL-1 family of cytokines is proved to be involved in both periodontal disease and osteoporosis mechanisms. We aimed to assess the differences in gingival crevicular fluid of IL-1α and IL-1β in periodontal impaired postmenopausal osteoporosis and systemically healthy subjects. Material and method: The study was conducted on 38 post-menopausal female patients, divided in osteoporosis patients (n=20) and systemically healthy subjects (n=18). All the subjects were examined, with the recording of the periodontal probing depth (PPD), clinical attachment loss (CAL) and bleeding on probing (BOP). The IL-1α and IL-1β levels in gingival crevicular fluid were determined by ELISA tests. Results: The periodontal parameters were more severe for the osteoporosis patients; these patients also presented higher values of IL-1α and IL-1β. Discussion: The periodontal parameters can be inexact predictors of the periodontal disease progression, while the cytokine levels in crevicular fluid offer clear data regarding the inflammatory status and the destruction potential. Conclusions: The postmenopausal osteoporosis patients are predisposed to an impressive release of proinflammatory cytokines, with local inflammatory changes which can accelerate the periodontal disease progression.

Aggressive forms of periodontitis are defined by rapid localized or generalized loss of the supportive periodontal structures, occurring in familial groups in otherwise medically healthy subjects Aggressive periodontitis consists in disease different phenotypes of plurifactorial etiology that appear as a result of complexe interactions between specific genes of the host and environment. The interactions between the disease process and the modifying factors (stress, smoking habit) are considered to influence the specific manifestations of the disease. We present the case of a patient with localized aggressive periodontitis, with a late interception, in a context of stress, chronic smoking and inadequate oral hygiene and diet as a background. Smoking, stress and a poor oral hygiene are definetively risk factors that enhance the phenotypic manifestations of the periodontal disease with an aggressive character. Therefore, such aspects must be considered in the diagnostic, prognostic and therapy of the periodontal disease.

Introduction: Periodontal disease can manifest different forms on children and teenagers, with a large number of lesions, from gingival tissue destruction to profound periodontal lesions which can lead even to tooth loss in certain cases. Purpose of the study: The purpose of this study was to assess the presence or the severity of the periodontal disease and the oral hygiene in a group of teenagers. Materials and methods: The study group consisted in a number of 33 teenagers. We realized: clinical examination on each patient, with bleeding index, gingival and periodontal inflammation index and questionnaires, with general patient data, chief complaints, periodontal history, risk factors, sanitary education degree. Results: Most cases presented chronic gingivitis determined by bacterial plaque; only a few number of patients presented alveolar bone loss. In these cases class I Miller recessions were predominant. Discussions: Practically, all the oral manifestations included bacterial plaque accumulations and a intensification of the microbiota, creating favorable conditions for gingival inflammations. Conclusions: Every patient presented a certain degree of periodontal impairment. An educational program leading to a decrease in frequency of the periodontal disease is necessary.

The aim of the study was to analyse the periodontal clinical changes generated by the adjunctive periodontal therapy with sub-antimicrobial doses of doxycycline in patients with chronic periodontitis and osteoporosis. Materials and methods: The study was conducted on 26 subjects with chronic periodontitis and osteoporosis, divided in study group (classical periodontal debridement and sub-antimicrobial doses of doxycycline for 3 months) and the control group (classical debridement only). We analysed the probing depth, clinical attachment level, the PBI and PI indices at baseline, in the last day of medication and at 3 months after the drug therapy. Results and discussions: The reduction of the moderate and profound pockets was higher for the study group when compared to the control group. In the control group, the sites with an initial depth of 0-3mm presented a slight attachment loss at 3 and 6 months, while the same depth sites in the study group presented a slight attachment gain. Conclusions: The therapy with sub-antimicrobial doses of doxycycline generated significant clinical improvement in patients with chronic periodontitis and osteoporosis, an improvement which can reduce the necessity of surgical procedures.

Aim of the study The aim of this study was to validate the use of a self-curing acrylic resin for the completion of a mandibular model for in vitro studies. Material and methods 25 test specimens were made of acrylic resin (Duracryl Plus, Spofa Dental). The samples were divided in 5 groups, based on monomer to polymer ratio. The determination of the elasticity modulus and of the Poisson’s ratio for the studied samples was performed using the electrical resistive tensometry method. The samples were submitted to traction testing on a universal testing machine. Results The elastic characteristics of the material varied significantly depending on the components proportion. The evaluated ratio is 3 parts of powder to 1.5 parts of liquid. This combination presented elastic characteristics similar to those of the spongy bone from the anterior region of the mandible, as well as an average viscosity that contributes to pouring in complex forms, to a proper work time and to a low curing contraction. Conclusions Based on the obtained results, we can consider the use of self-curing acrylic resin, in a ratio of 3:1.5, as being justified for creating a mandibular model to be used in biomechanical tests. Keywords: acrylic resin, strain gauges, mandibular model, modulus of elasticity, Poisson’s ratio

Introduction: The cochlear implantation in patients with inner ear malformation has always been a challenge even to the most experienced clinicians. We present the case of a child of 8 years old with profound bilateral sensorineural hearing loss and the absence of language development with indication of cochlear implantation as single solution for hearing and speech rehabilitation. Methods: The audiological assessment indicates the cochlear implantation. Preoperative CT scan revealed a bilateral inner ear malformation (cochlear common cavity deformity on the right side, cochlear aplasia on the left ear and bilateral vestibular malformation). Brain magnetic resonance showed the presence of auditory nerve only to the right side. The girl was implanted on the right ear in the common cavity with an Advanced Bionics device, HiRes90K with HiFocus1j electrode. Results: The insertion of the portelectrode inside the malformed inner ear was confirmed by X-ray. Audiological evaluation had shown an average of hearing thresholds at 36,25 dB HL in free field pure tone audiometry at 22 months post-implantation. The speech perception was evaluated according to CAP (categories of auditory performance) index at 5 and to the speech intelligibility rating scale (SIR) to 3. Conclusions: The children with inner ear malformations can safely benefit of cochlear implantation. The results for tonal hearing were close to that of cochlear implanted children with normal ear anatomy, but were limited for speech understanding and speech production.

Introduction: Epilepsy, in all its forms, must be known by the dental specialists who always can encounter an epileptic seizure when treating such patients. Many times, the medication of epileptic patients might contravene with dental treatment, another reason for a hightened attention to this disease. Purpose of the study: The purpose of this study consisted in the assessment of periodontal changes on epileptic patients with various types of seizures, correlated to the systemic modifications determined by the disease state and to the administrated drugs. Materials and methods: We evaluated a number of 58 patients with epilepsy diagnostic, based on neurologic observation sheets and on speciality clinical examination (dento-periodontal) and radiologic examination (apical radiographs and panoramic radiographs). Results: Analysing the relationship between epilepsy and other diseases, we observed that the associated pluripathology is the most frequent. We noticed that periodontal diseases appears mostly on patients with multiple drugs therapy, in contrast to the ones with monotherapy. The most important changes occur on phenytoin and carbamazepine medications. Discussions: In this study we observed the occurrence of periodontal lesions inhanced by entiepileptic drugs medication and by neuropsychic factors, life conditions, sedentarism and by an impaired oral hygiene. Conclusions: The antiepileptic drugs frequently induce adverse effects on oral cavity tissues. The severity of periodontal lesions depend on the evolution and treatment of the disease. Key-words: epilepsy, anticonvulsivant drugs, periodontal status

Objectives In this study we analyzed hearing recovery rates in patients diagnose with ISSHL after steroid treatment. We evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of intratympanic dexamethasone (ITD) injections added to systemic steroids(salvage therapy) in patients with idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss (ISSNHL) and of ITD therapy as first line therapy. Methods A retrospective chart review was performed for patients diagnose with ISSNHL from last three years. Inclusion criteria define ISSNHL. Patients were treated with systemic corticoid therapy (Solu-medrol) and/or intratympanic therapy (Dexamethasone). Results Outcomes were analyzed as a function of the type of therapy, time to treatment and response. 68,8% of patients responded to treatment with steroid, while 42,22 % failed initial treatment with systemic steroid. 36,8 % of the nonresponders to systemic therapy, opted to receiving ITS salvage therapy. Conclusion Current findings recommend treating ISSNHL with both ITS and OS initially. In patient who do not tolerate OS, ITS should be attempted as first line therapy. ITS injections are an effective salvage therapy after failure with OS.

Introduction: The incidence of total edentulous cases became very low and the partial edentation is predominant, therefore, implant overdentures is an important alternative for the treatment plan. Purpose of the study: The purpose of this study was to evaluate in time the changes of the bone tissue surrounding the dental implants inserted for the treatment of partially edentulous patients, in different overdenture types. Materials and methods: The study was conducted on 41 partially edentulous patients, on whom we inserted 245 dental implants, on upper maxilla and mandible, in anterior and posterior areas; the overdentures were conducted in the following situations: dental crown on single implant, implants in dental bridges, overdentures with mixed support (implant and tooth support). We assessed the implant and the prosthetic maintenance. Results and discussions: No difference was observed for the three overdentures situations regarding the bone tissue changes. The bone loss after 6 months was higher for the maxilla than for the mandible. The rate of bone loss in the first 6 months was higher in the following situations: bone dehiscence, when using bone grafts or membranes, ceramic-fused-to-metal prosthetics. Conclusions: The long term prognosis for single crown and bridge overdentures is favorable

Besides carious lesions, periodontal infections are among the most frequent infections, both being determined by natural bacterial biofilms. In a manner of epidemiology, they manifest a strong social character, being present in all the human populations, in different age groups. There is a clear relation between the periodontal disease and other health problems, such as cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus, and respiratory impairments. We present the case of a patient with generalized severe chronic marginal periodontitis and cerebrovascular accident (stroke), produced 3 months before his dental visit. There is a direct connection between the severe periodontal diseases, gingivitis and stroke, its potential rising in case of smoking or diabetes mellitus. The pathological mechanisms in periodontitis are associated with inflammation markers, risk indicators for stroke themselves. An early diagnosis and treatment of gingival-periodontal pathology can prevent the local and systemic complications of the periodontal disease.

Introduction: The endodontic treatment represents the best conservative option for irreversible endodontically affected teeth maintenance on the dental arch. Besides the rigorous mechanic-chemical treatment, in aseptic conditions, the regenerative or, on the contrary, inhibitive qualities of the root canal sealer on the periradicular tissue play an important role in the long-term success of the treatment. The aim of the study The object of this study consisted in analysing the pH values of frequently used root canal sealers in the endodontic treatment, to make a series of correlations with their therapeutically indications. Materials and Methods We tested the following root canal sealers: AH-26 (De Trey), ZOE, Pulpispad (Spad, Dijon), Sealapex (Kerr), Endomethasone (Septodont), Endospad (Spad, Dijon). The materials were prepared according to the producer indications. The pH recordings were made on different time points: immediately after the preparation, after 24 hours, after a week and after two weeks. Results Our data analysis revealed a variation of the pH values of the 6 root canal sealers and differences in their pH values on different time recordings. The highest values were presented by Sealapex; in the alkaline values order, this was followed by Endomethasone and Endospad. The lowest pH values, to acid zones, were recorded from AH-26, ZOE and Pulpispad. Conclusions The presence in the root canal of an alkaline pH sealer ensures an additional opportunity for the infection control and tissue regeneration of the periradicular tissue. Due to this property, the root canal sealers that have calcium hydroxide in their composition are used more and more frequently.