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Ipomoea has a cosmopolitan distribution, being more diverse in the tropics. It is the largest genus of Convolvulaceae, containing about 700 species, with more than a half occurring in the Americas. Approximately 150 species occur in Brazil, of which 80 are found in the Northeast region. The state of Rio Grande do Norte is considered one of the least floristically known in Brazil. This study was based on field expeditions and analysis of specimens from the herbaria. Thirty-tree species were found, with eight new records for the study area: Ipomoea chiquitensis, I. cynanchifolia, I. goyazensis, I. grandifolia, I. magna, I. queirozii, I. ramosissima and I. syringifolia. An identification key, genus and species descriptions, illustrations and distribution maps are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present a taxonomic treatment of the Malvaceae from Serra do Lenheiro, a montane range in the municipality of São João del-Rei, Minas Gerais, Brazil, in order to contribute to the knowledge of this family and the state's flora. Eleven genera and twenty-nine species were recorded. Sida, Pavonia and Peltaea are the richest genera. Among the recorded species, nine are considered as ruderal and ten are endemic of Brazil. Three species have São João del-Rei as the type-locality. Analytic keys, morphological descriptions, photographic plates and comments about the treated species are presented. Illustrations are presented for two species: one has no iconography in Brazilian studies for Malvaceae (Sida plumosa) and one has only poor iconographic representations (Sida viarum). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This is a taxonomic treatment of four genera and eight species of the hiraeoide and malpighioide clades (Malpighiaceae) in the state of Espírito Santo, Brazil. Hiraea and Mascagnia are the most diverse genera, with three species each, followed by Amorimia and Lophopterys, with one species each. Two species are listed as threatened: H. bullata and M. velutina. The main characteristics that can be used to identify the genera in Espírito Santo are epipetiolar or interpetiolar stipules, the indumentum on the branches, the inflorescence type, the number of elaiophores, and characteristics of the mericarps. Morphological descriptions, identification keys, taxonomic notes, geographic distribution maps, and photographic plates are provided for the species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Leaf anatomical features are widely used to better understand angiosperm taxonomy. However, such information is scarce for the family Myrtaceae. Aiming to fill this knowledge gap, we studied anatomical and micromorphological leaf characters of ten species of Psidium: P. cattleyanum, P. cauliflorum, P. corynanthum, P. guajava, P. guineense, P. macahense, P. myrtoides, P. oligospermum, P. ovale and P. sartorianum. Uniseriate epidermis, paracytic stomata, secretory cavities, and adaxial hypodermis are common among the studied species and are typical characteristics of Myrtaceae. The presence of three or more layers of palisade parenchyma and the absence of sclerenchyma are diagnostic characters of P. guajava. The abaxial epidermis of Psidium cattleyanum and P. macahense possess curved walls. Psidium corynanthum and P. macahense are the only species with sinuous anticlinal walls on both sides of the epidermis, with all other species having straight or curved walls. Open bicollateral vascular bundles are present in all the studied species except P. guineense. With the exception of P. cauliflorum, all the studied species possess druses. The absence of collenchyma in the adaxial face is exclusive to P. ovale. The leaf anatomy of P. macahense, P. corynanthum, P. oligospermum and P. ovale are described for the first time here. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ipomoea L. is the largest genus in Convolvulaceae with approximately 150 species reported from Brazil, more than 50% of which are from the northeastern region of the country. The genus is represented by 48 species in Pernambuco state, occurring in Atlantic Forest and Caatinga vegetation as well as areas impacted by human activities. We present here an identification key, photographic documentation, taxonomic comments, and the geographical distributions of species in Pernambuco. New records of Ipomoea cearensis O'Donell, I. hirsutissima Gardner and I. squamosa Choisy for the state are reported. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study presents a taxonomic survey of the species of Acanthaceae in the Cuiabá lowlands, an area encompassing several habitats, from rock outcrops in Chapada dos Guiamarães to the periodically flooded forest areas in the Pantanal. Herbarium collections were analyzed and 13 field expeditions were carried out to visit different phytophysiognomies and ecosystems. The family is represented by 31 species and 12 genera, the most diverse being Justicia (10 species) and Ruellia (eight species). Additionally, Dicliptera squarrosa, Dyschoriste schottiana, Ruellia blechum, R. jussieuoides, and R. trachyphylla are newly recorded in the state of Mato Grosso. The number of species is higher if compared with other taxonomic studies of Acanthaceae in Central-Western Brazil. Despite the area being overlooked by the botanical community, we expect our results will instigate further taxonomic studies in the area. This study provides an identification key, short descriptions, comments on taxonomy and distribution, and photographs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Geastrum tupiense is a new species belonging to subsect. Velutina (Sect. Myceliostroma). The fundamental diagnostic characteristics are reddish immature basidiomata and rhizomorphs with bipyramidal crystals. It was found in two areas of the Atlantic Forest biome, considered one of the main hotspots in the world for its high level of endemism and biodiversity. Delimitation of this new species was based on morphological characters and phylogenetic analyses of ITS/LSU nrDNA. Descriptions, phylogenetic tree, photographs, and taxonomic discussion are provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A floristic inventory and a taxonomic treatment of Asteraceae from Serra da Confusão do Rio Preto in the state of Goiás are provided. Collections were carried out from July 2017 to December 2018 in a fragment of cerrado sensu stricto with transition to cerrado rupestre (rocky cerrado), for a total of 38 expeditions covering all seasons. Taxonomic treatment of the resulting specimens includes identification keys, diagnoses and descriptions, conservation status, endemism and examined material. A total of 59 species were found, belonging to 32 genera and 10 tribes. The predominant genera were Lessingianthus (8 spp.) and Chromolaena (5 spp.) while the predominant tribes were Vernonieae (19 spp.), Eupatorieae (13 spp.) and Heliantheae (7 spp.). The richness pattern for tribes was the same as recorded in other floristic inventories in the Cerrado domain, especially cerrado sensu stricto. Twenty-one of the species (35.6%) are restricted to Brazil while only Isostigma resupinatum is restricted to the state of Goiás. Conyza primulifolia, Lepidaploa cuiabensis and Lepidaploa sororia were new occurrences for the state. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Verbenaceae includes 32 genera and approximately 800 species distributed mainly in the Neotropical region, especially diversified in Brazil, where the campo rupestre stands out as an important vegetation type for the family. The Itacolomi State Park (ISP) is located in the southeast of the Quadrilátero Ferrífero, Minas Gerais state (MG), Brazil. Vegetation at the Park is composed of campo rupestre and forest remnants among degraded areas. The present research provides a floristic treatment of Verbenaceae in this protected area. Data were obtained from fieldwork and herbarium study. A total of 13 species were recorded: Glandularia phlogiflora, Lantana camara, Lantan fucata, Lantana tiliaefolia, Lantana trifolia, Lippia brasiliensis, Lippia hermannioides, Lippia origanoides, Petrea volubilis, Stachytarpheta cayennensis, Stachytarpheta commutata, Verbena litoralis and Verbena rigida. Among them, six are new records for the ISP. Stachytarpheta glabra, endemic to MG, was found in an area of canga very close to the boundaries of the Park. Additionally, S. viscidula, whose type locality is close to the Park, is proposed as a new synonym for S. commutata, whose type specimen comes from the Park. We provide an identification key, descriptions, photographs and comments on taxonomy, ecology and distribution for each species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study is part of the Flora of Espírito Santo project and aimed to survey and describe the morphological diversity of species of Bixaceae from Espírito Santo state, Brazil, as well as to provide data on geographical distribution, biology, and habitat of these species. To do so, fieldwork was carried out in several areas of Espírito Santo and the most important herbaria collections in the state were examined. Bixaceae in Espírito Santo is represented by the genus Bixa, with two species. Bixa atlantica, recently described and repeatedly misidentified as Bixa arborea, is a forest tree up to 20 m tall (rarely appearing as treelet or shrub in savannah-like vegetation), with spine fruits and lacking nectaries in the pedicel apex. Bixa orellana, on the other hand, is recognized as a shrub or treelet up to 5-6 m tall, with conspicuous nectaries in the pedicel apex. The species origin is uncertain, though it occurs sub-spontaneously in Espírito Santo state, where it is widely cultivated due to its value as a spice. In this paper we provide taxonomic descriptions, an identification key, geographic distribution maps, photographic plates and comments on the ecology, conservation, and recognition of both species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Diatoms constitute a representative portion of the algal community of freshwater aquatic environments, but their studies are centered mostly in the south and southern regions of Brazil, making the microalgae biodiversity of water bodies in the semiarid practically unknown. In the state of Ceará, the few records of the Bacillariaceae are centered in the southern region of the state and are generally not identified at specific level. Denticula, Hantzschia, and Tryblionella are worldwide distributed diatom genera that belong to the family Bacillariaceae. The group is characterized by raphe located on a channel, internally supported by silica extensions, the fibulae. This is a taxonomic study on the genera Denticula, Hantzschia, and Tryblionella found in water bodies in northwestern Ceará state. Planktonic and periphytic samples were collected in four hydrographic basins, which are influenced by the semiarid climate, located in northwestern Ceará, northeastern Brazil. Fourteen infrageneric taxa were identified, described, and illustrated, all being pioneer citations for Ceará. The present study highlighted the underestimated diversity of diatoms in the semiarid region of Ceará and the need to cover undersampled or never explored regions to significantly contribute to the knowledge of the diatom flora and its distribution in Brazilian aquatic environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We aimed to describe two new species endemic to Brazil - one from sandy habitats in northeastern Brazil (Pachira inaequalivalvis), mainly characterized by fruits with unequal valves, and the other from Amazonian rainforest (P. deflexifolia, having the downward-oriented leaflets) - and provide complete morphological descriptions, illustrations, comments, conservation status, and distribution maps. We also designate a lectotype and an epitype for Pachira patinoi. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present research were studied fungi on the litter of Andreadoxa flava and Nectandra membranacea, in a remaining area of the Atlantic Forest in Ilhéus, BA. The mycota of those plants had not been studied. Samples were obtained in three collections between October 2018 and July 2019, during which 20 leaves at different stages of decomposition were collected per plant species. The leaves were washed and stored in wet chambers. Fungal preparations were used for microscopic analysis and identification of species. A total of 25 genera and 32 fungal species were found, 26 in the litter of A. flava and 22 of N. membranacea. Sixteen genera were associated with both plants. Microcallis was identified for the first ever associated with A. flava, a species native to the Atlantic Forest, and the taxon Thozetella falcata, was found for the first time in Bahia in the same plant. This is the first report of Parasympodiella lauri on N. membranacea in Brazil. The mycota found was analyzed taxonomically and for its diversity. Further studies on the mycota associated with the two plants must be carried out, particularly for A. flava as it is nearly extinct in nature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study is an integral part of the project Flora of Ceará: knowing to conserve. The goal of this work was to conduct a floristic-taxonomic survey and update the geographic distribution of the tribe Hibisceae (Malvaceae) in the state of Ceará, Brazil. The study is based on an analysis of specimens in national and international herbaria, collections made during fieldwork from January 2020 to May 2021, and literature. Eight genera and 20 species were recorded for Ceará, which mostly occur in areas of Stepic Savanna and Dense Ombrophylous Forest. Pavonia varians and P. vinosa are restricted to a single municipality. Malachra fasciata and Peltaea lasiantha are new records for the state of Ceará. Eleven species occur within 14 conservation units. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to conduct a floristic inventory and update the geographical distribution of Talinaceae species in Ceará state, in the Northeast Region of Brazil. The study was based on a comparative analysis of morphological characters of specimens deposited in the EAC, ESA, HCDAL, HUEFS, HUVA, HVASF, MOSS and RB herbaria, specialized literature, photos of type collections, and field expeditions conducted between March 2015 and April 2022. For the state, Talinum fruticosum and T. paniculatum have been recorded, which prefer drier vegetations, such as Stepic Savanna (Caatinga and Carrasco) and Semideciduous Seasonal Forest (Mata Seca), but also grow in areas that are more humid. The species occur in eight conservation units in Ceará: Dunas da Lagoinha and Serra de Meruoca Environmental Protection Areas, Aiuaba Ecological Station, Sobral National Forest, Ubajara National Park, Pedra da Andorinha Wildlife Refuge, Serra das Almas and Fazenda Trussú Private Natural Heritage Reserves. An identification key, descriptions, photographs, and comments about the geographical distribution, taxonomic relationships, and phenology are provided for the species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to carry out a floristic-taxonomic survey of the Lythraceae representatives, as part of the project "Flora do Ceará: knowing to conserve". The data were obtained via the morphologicals analysis of samples collected in the field, and collections in herbaria as well as in specialized bibliographies. In the state of Ceará, Lythraceae is represented by 15 species belonging to four genera: Ammannia (2); Cuphea (9), Lafoensia (3) and Pleurophora (1). The species were recorded in different phytophysiognomies, but they occur preferentially in the Steppic Savanna (Caatinga and/or Carrasco), in the Dense Ombrophilous Forest (Wet Forest) and in the Vegetation Complex of the Coastal Zone (Dunes and Lowland Semideciduous Forests). The taxon with the highest number of records was Cuphea campestris, which ocurrs in 26 municipalities. Eight species were recorded in ten conservation units in Ceará. Four species are endemic to the northeastern region: Cuphea campestris, C. laricoides, C. loefgrenii and Lafoensia glyptocarpa. Lafoensia glyptocarpa and L. pacari are new records for Ceará. The identification key, morphological descriptions, comments on distribution, ecology, phenology, uses, maps, and species illustrations are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tagetes dombeyi (Asteraceae, Tageteae), a new species from the Central Andes first collected in the 18th century. A new annual species of Tagetes from the Central Andes of Peru and Bolivia, T. dombeyi, is described and illustrated based on herbarium collections and photographs of the plants in their habitat. Tagetes dombeyi is closely related to Tagetes imbricata, Tagetes multiflora - both of which can occasionally be found mixed with the former on the same herbarium sheet - and Tagetes iltisiana. However, they can be distinguished by diagnostic characters of leaf, corolla, and pappus. A morphological description is provided along with an illustration, a range map, and a key to differentiating the Tagetes species that inhabit Peru and Bolivia. Key words: Bolivia, Compositae, herbarium collections, Peru, taxonomy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The floristic-taxonomic survey of Clusiaceae is presented as part of the project "Flora of Ceará: knowing to conserve". The study was based on the analysis of specimens deposited in national and international herbaria and observations of natural populations during field expeditions carried out from February, 2019 to March, 2020. The family is represented in Ceará by eight species distributed in four genera: Clusia, Garcinia, Symphonia and Tovomita. Clusia was the most representative with five species: C. ibiapabensis, C. melchiorii, C. nemorosa, C. nogueirae and C. panapanari. The other genera are represented by one species each: Garcinia gardneriana, Symphonia globulifera and Tovomita mangle. The species preferentially occur in humid environments such as Dense Ombrophilous Forest and near watercourses. Clusia ibiapabensis and C. nogueirae are endemic to Ceará, and C. melchiorii and S. globulifera are new records for the state. Only Clusia nemorosa and C. panapanari were recorded in conservations units. Identification keys, descriptions, taxonomic relationships, illustrations, and comments on the geographical distribution and phenology of the species are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The campos rupestres (rupestrian grasslands) of the Brazilian Espinhaço Range are renowned for harboring extraordinary plant diversity and endemism, yet many groups representative of this habitat remain taxonomically understudied. Sauvagesia, a predominantly neotropical genus of Sauvagesieae (Ochnaceae), is a classic example. In this study, we refine the long-neglected and problematic taxonomy of the Espinhaço-Range-inhabiting species of Sauvagesia. Our taxonomic treatment includes 24 species of which seven are derived from recently described taxa or new combinations presented herein. For each of the three new combinations from variety into species status, we also provide new lectotypifications. The studied species are remarkably variable in habit, leaf, and floral architectures, and their distribution is often narrowly restricted to particular mountains across the Espinhaço Range, a pattern especially observed in the highly endemic S. subsect. Vellozianae. We provide an updated identification key, distribution maps, photographs, and a discussion of diagnostic morphological features. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The presence of Liparis occurring in Brazil was revised, resulting in three taxons confirmed in national territory. Nine lectotypifications and six neotypifications, together with L. inundata being demoted to a synonym of L. nervosa, are proposed. Species can be distinguished by the leaf blade, the number of leaves per pseudobulb and the presence of calluses in the lip. From those, only L. cogniauxiana is endemic to the country, being restricted to the Cerrado biome. Liparis nervosa occurs in all Brazilian biomes and is the only one registered in the Pampas and the Caatinga, while L. vexillifera occurs in the Atlantic Forest, Amazon and Cerrado biomes. According to the IUCN criteria, L. cogniauxiana, L. nervosa and L. vexillifera are in the "Least Concern (LC)" category due to a broad distribution, the number of occurrences, presence in protected areas and low pressure from indiscriminate collecting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A nomenclatural update for 20 names related to the genus Axonopus for the Brazilian flora is here presented. Axonopus comprises around 90, mostly New World, species characterized by having solitary spikelets in an inverted position. In order to stabilize the nomenclature and, based on thorough study of original collections and pertinent literature, we designated lectotypes for nine names, of which three are second-step lectotypes. We also corrected to lectotypes erroneous applications, in previous contributions, of the term "holotype" (for four names), clarified three cases in which lectotypification is not required, as well as discussed four situations of uncertainty. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gymnopilus is an agaricoid genus of mostly wood-rotting mushrooms, with ca. 200 species worldwide distributed, of which 23 of them are currently known in Brazil. In the Amazon region, Gymnopilus taxa correspond mostly to very old names described under Agaricus, later recombined into Gymnopilus, such as G. marasmioides, G. panurensis, G. psamminus, and G. trailii. Based on the examination of a well-annotated exsiccate at the INPA Herbarium, Gymnopilus ianthinilophus is described as a new species. It is characterized by the densely cespitose habit, squarrose pileus with blackish brown squamules, adnate to subdeccurent lamellae with decurrent tooth, violaceous brown stipe, weakly dextrinoid basidiospores 7.6-9.2 × 5.1-6.1 µm, interwoven pileus trama, lageniform with capitate or subcapitate apex cheilocystidia measuring 15.3-25.5 × 5.6-8.2 µm, and absence of pleurocystidia and caulocystidia. Description, photographs, illustrations of the new species, and discussion and comparison with morphologically similar taxa are provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Adiantum raddianum is reported as a new record for the Honduran Flora. This new occurrence of A. raddianum closes a gap of distribution between Guatemala and Nicaragua. We consider this species vegetably similar to these species of Adiantum in Honduras: A. raddianum, A. amplum, A. andicola, A. capillus-veneris, A. concinnum, A. tenerum, and A. thalictroides. A key to related species is provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Atlantic Forest Central Corridor is the center of Bromeliaceae diversity in the Atlantic Forest domain, comprising most of the endemic and threatened species. The extreme south of Bahia state, Northeastern Brazil, is included within the corridor, with few taxonomic flora studies carried out in this area. Herein, we present a taxonomic study of the Bromeliaceae family from an important fragment in the extreme south of Bahia, based on field collections, herbarium material and specialized literature. Twelve species of Bromeliaceae were recorded, belonging to Aechmea (2 spp.), Araeococcus (1 sp.), Billbergia (1 sp.), Catopsis (1 sp.), Guzmania (1 sp.), Hohenbergia (1 sp.), Tillandsia (1 sp.), and Vriesea (4 spp.). Eight species are endemic to the Atlantic Forest domain. Identification keys, descriptions, and comments on their phenology, geographical distribution and habitat are provided, as well as an illustration of Hohenbergia sandrae, which was described for the first time in the Atlantic Forest domain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study provides an inventory of the Orchidaceae in one of the most threatened areas of the Brazilian Amazon, situated in the eastern portion of the Belém Endemism Center. A total of 51 species, distributed in 24 genera, are recorded. Epiphytes represent 86% of the species, the remaining are terricolous (6%), hemiepiphytic (6%) or myco-heterotrophic (2%). The most representative genera were Epidendrum (6 spp.) and Maxillaria (5 spp.). This study cites for the first time five genera (Coryanthes, Sarcoglottis, Stelis, Trichosalpinx and Wullschlaegelia) and ten species for the flora of Maranhão, of which four are new records to the Brazilian Northeast. An identification key, photographs of the new records, taxonomic and ecological comments, as well as geographic distribution are provided. The data reinforce the importance of the forest fragments of the Amazon Forest in Maranhão for the conservation of Orchidaceae which is constantly threatened by deforestation in the Belém Endemism Center. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The taxonomic knowledge for genus Justicia in the Amazonian state of Pará, Brazil, is updated. The study was based on material from important national and international herbaria, as well as specimens collected in different vegetation types within the state, some of them kept under cultivation by the first author. Twenty five species of Justicia were recorded for Pará: J. asclepiadea, J. birae, J. calycina, J. carajensis, J. cayennensis, J. comata, J. distichophylla, J. divergens, J. gendarussa, J. laevilinguis, J. mcdadeana, J. montealegrensis, J. multiglandulosa, J. oldemanii, J. oriximinensis, J. paraensis, J. pectoralis, J. polystachya, J. potamogeton, J. pseudoamazonica, J. riedeliana, J. secunda, J. sphaerosperma, J. sprucei, J. yurimaguensis. Among these, five are new records for the state of Pará (J. asclepiadea, J. cayennensis, J. gendarussa, J. oldemanii, and J. yurimaguensis). Moreover, seven of the accepted names are lectotypified and a new name (J. oriximinensis) is proposed. A species identification key is presented alongside detailed morphological descriptions (including seed analysis), distribution and habitat information, taxonomic comments and illustrations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We examined the diversity and distribution of Caryocaraceae, Hypericaceae, and Rhizophoraceae in Ceará State, Brazil. Floristic treatments were carried out based on comparative analyses of the morphological characters of specimens from several Brazilian herbaria (ALCB, EAC, HCDAL, HST, HUEFS, HVASF, IAN, MBM, MOSS, SP, UEC and UFMT), the scientific literature, and photographs of type collections. Each family is represented here by a single species. Caryocar coriaceum occurs predominantly in the southern portion of Ceará State in typical open (cerrado) and forested savannas (cerradão). Vismia guianensis is widely distributed and occurs in several vegetation types, but mainly ombrophilous forests and savannas. Rhizophora mangle has a narrow distribution range, being recorded in coastal vegetation with fluvial and/or lacustrine influences (mangrove swamps). All three species were recorded in designated Conservation Areas. An identification key for the species, morphological descriptions, commentaries on their conservation, habitats and phenologies, as well as photographs and illustrations are provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study comprehend the floristic treatment of Chrysobalanaceae from the state of Rio de Janeiro. Twenty-eight species, arranged into seven genera, are recorded. Two species, Licania arianeae and L. belemii, are herein first reported for the state. Descriptions, photographs, illustrations, identification keys, distribution maps and comments are provided based on fieldwork and analysis of herbarium specimens. Among the 92 municipalities in the state of Rio de Janeiro, three stand out for the diversity of Chrysobalanaceae (Rio de Janeiro, Mangaratiba and Petrópolis), while in 47 of them, there are no records of Chrysobalanaceae. The Metropolitan Region has the largest number of specimens collected, as opposed to the Northwestern Region with the smallest number. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study provides a taxonomic treatment for the species of Loranthaceae in the state of Ceará, Northeastern Brazil. The survey was made based on the previous consultation of virtual herbaria, in loco visits, material loans, and photographs of diagnostic traits sent by herbarium curators. Morphological traits and geographic coordinates of all specimens collected in the State were recorded to prepare the distribution maps, identification key, and taxonomic descriptions for each taxon. A total of 184 specimens (discounting duplicates) from 30 herbaria were studied. Eight species are recorded for Ceará: Passovia pedunculata, Passovia pyrifolia, Psittacanthus cordatus, Psittacanthus dichroos, Psittacanthus eucalyptifolius, Struthanthus marginatus, Struthanthus polyrrhizus, and Struthanthus syringifolius. None are included in the IUCN Red List. However, four of them were collected inside protected areas (i.e., Passovia pedunculata, Psittacanthus cordatus, S. polyrrhizus, and S. syringifolius). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new species of Cryptanthus, known exclusively from Chapada Diamantina, in the municipalities of Miguel Calmon and Jacobina, state of Bahia, Northeast Brazil, is described and illustrated. Cryptanthus euglossinii is characterized by having leaves that are reddish in the marginal region, white-scaly near the base and glabrous adaxially towards the apex, with the abaxial surface covered by trichomes that obscure the color of the leaf. Comparisons are made with two similar species, C. reisii and C. bibarrensis, that are considered closely related. Euglossinii bees were observed visiting the flowers of C. euglossinii and collecting floral essences on petals, a relationship that is the basis of the epithet of the new species. Cryptanthus euglossinii is considered Endangered (EN) based on an extent of occurrence of 860 km2, an area of occupancy of 1,000 km2, and criteria established by the IUCN. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study focuses on the Cyperaceae occurring in the Serra dos Martírios-Andorinhas (Serra dos Martírios-Andorinhas State Park, and São Geraldo do Araguaia Environmental Protection Area), in the São Geraldo do Araguaia municipality, state of Pará, Brazil. The Serra is in the "Deforestation Arc", an environmentally vulnerable area with the highest deforestation rates in the Amazon Forest. The predominant phytophysiognomy is the Amazonian savanna, characterized by open environments dominated by herbaceous plants, such as Cyperaceae, represented by only four species in a previous floristic inventory. Studying the diversity of Cyperaceae allows us to a better understanding of the herbaceous layer's dynamics and assisting in the conservation, monitoring, and management of these fascinating and peculiar environments. Therefore, 276 field and herbarium samples of Cyperaceae from Serra dos Martírios-Andorinhas were examined. Now, Cyperaceae are represented by 12 genera and 72 species in the study area, of which seven represent new records for the State of Pará. A taxonomic identification key, short descriptions with main diagnostic characters, geographic distribution, habitat data, and illustrations for all species and genera are provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Caatinga is the largest tropical dry forest region in South America and harbors an impressive biological diversity. However, efforts in the studies of many groups of organisms, especially aquatic ones, are very small compared to other Brazilian regions. The state of Ceará stands out due to the major concentration of surface water in the semi-arid region, and the diatom flora is virtually unknown. We performed a pioneering and extensive taxonomic study on the centric diatoms from the Caatinga, documenting the morphological variation of the species found, expanding their geographic distribution, and reviewing taxonomic and nomenclatural aspects when relevant. The study was based on planktonic and periphytic samples collected in four hydrographic basins located in the northwestern region of Ceará, northeastern Brazil. Fifteen infrageneric diatom taxa were identified, described, and illustrated using light and scanning electron microscopy. Discostella stelligera was first recorded for northeastern Brazil and D. woltereckii is a new record to the country. Diminutive centric diatoms are well represented in the samples and their taxonomy is discussed. Terpsinoë musica occurred in a population with high phenotypic plasticity and we discussed the related taxonomic implications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The municipality of Igarapé-Miri is located in the Endemism Center of Belém, which corresponds to the most deforested portion of the Brazilian Amazon with only 38% of its native forest remaining. The family Orchidaceae has several endemic taxa and expressive diversity in the Amazon phytogeographic domain, including in the state of Pará where 97 genera and 395 species have been reported. Considering the advanced state of fragmentation and the loss of diversity in the region, together with the lack of information about the flora of the municipality of Igarapé-Miri (Pará, Brazil), a floristic-taxonomic study was undertaken of the species of Orchidaceae in the municipality, including an identification key, morphological descriptions, taxonomic comments, illustrations and information on habitat, phenology and the geographic distribution of species. Fifty-eight species distributed in 38 genera were recorded for the municipality of Igarapé-Miri. The most diverse genera were Epidendrum (7 spp.) and Catasetum (4 spp.), followed by Maxillaria, Scaphyglottis and Stelis (3 spp. each). Most species occur as epiphytes and in Terra Firme Forest, with 31 species being exclusive to this type of vegetation. The occurrence of Anathallis fastigiata, Catasetum albovirens, Dichaea brachyphylla and Palmorchis triquilhada, species restricted to the Brazilian Amazon, stands out. The distribution of Stelis palmeiraensis is expanded to the Amazon phytogeographic domain and Stelis ciliaris and Uleiorchis ulei are documented in the state of Pará for the first time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present work aims to provide a discussed floristic treatment for Cuphea (Lythraceae) from the Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil. Morphological, ecological and geographic distribution data were obtained through the revision of several herbaria and from collection expeditions. A morphological analysis of the seeds under scanning electron microscopy and a preliminary assessment of the conservation status of the species were included. As a result, 12 native species and one variety were recorded for Rio Grande do Sul, often found in wet to dry grasslands of the Pampa biome. Cuphea campylocentra, C. linifolia and C. lysimachioides were preliminarily classified as threatened according to the categories and criteria of IUCN, joining C. confertiflora, which was officially cited in the List of threatened flora in Rio Grande do Sul. This study provides an identification key, illustrations, maps, morphological descriptions, and comments on the ecology, taxonomy, and geographic distribution of the Cuphea species in Rio Grande do Sul state. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present a taxonomic treatment for the species of Didymochlaenaceae and Dryopteridaceae occurring in the region of Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil. This study was based on 50 herbarium gatherings from IAN, K, NY, PACA, RB, SP, UPCB, US, and VIC. Didymochlaenaceae is represented by a single species, Didymochlaena truncatula, whereas Dryopteridaceae has 11 infrageneric taxa in seven genera: Ctenitis (four taxa, including two varieties), Megalastrum (two species), Mickelia, Parapolystichum, Polybotrya, Rumohra, and Stigmatopteris (one species each). Among the 12 infrageneric taxa here recognized, seven are endemic to the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. Ctenitis distans var. isabellina, Megalastrum connexum, and Polybotrya speciosa are here reported for the first time in Viçosa. Identification keys, descriptions, illustrations, geographical distribution, and comments are presented to all taxa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Atlantic Forest is one of the diversity centers of Melastomataceae in the world, and studies have been showing the great richness of its species in Espírito Santo, a state that once was entirely covered by this phytogeographic domain. We present here a floristic survey of the species of Melastomataceae in a protected area in this state, the Municipal Natural Park of São Lourenço, located at the municipality of Santa Teresa. We also present an identification key for the species, detailed descriptions, comments on distribution, habitat and phenology, photographs and illustrations. A thorough sampling was based on several expeditions during 2019 and 2020; in addition, we analyzed all specimens collected in the area and deposited in the herbaria FLOR, HUEFS, MBM, MBML, NY, RB, UPCB, US and VIES. The family has 10 genera and 56 species in the area, with Miconia having 42 species, Pleroma six and the genera Aciotis, Acisanthera, Bertolonia, Chaetogastra, Henriettea, Meriania, Microlicia and Mouriri represented by only one species each. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present work, which is part of a series of taxonomic monographs, aims to provide useful taxonomic features for distinguishing species of Cactaceae from Itaúnas State Park-Brazil. After performing field expeditions and observations, and analysis of herbaria vouchers, a total of five species of Cactaceae is herein recorded: Brasiliopuntia brasiliensis (Least Concern), Cereus fernambucensis subsp. fernambucensis (Least Concern), Melocactus violaceus subsp. violaceus (Vulnerable), Pereskia aculeata (Least Concern), and Pilosocereus arrabidae (Near Threatened). Leaf (when present) and cladodes morphology, and presence or absence of cephalium are the most useful characters to specific delimitation. Key identification, descriptions, photographs, taxonomic comments, geographic distribution and habitat data are herein provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Central Mountain Region of Espírito Santo state is located in the Atlantic Forest domain in eastern Brazil, which is the third largest center of diversity and endemism for Cactaceae. The state has 42 native species and 13 genera of this family. The aim of this study was to conduct a floristic-taxonomic study of Cactaceae in the Central Mountain Region of Espírito Santo, an area of extreme priority for conservation of Atlantic Forest biodiversity. Field trips were carried out between November 2013 and February 2016, with some additional collections and herbarium specimens were assessed. Twenty-two native species of Cactaceae were recorded for the region, which belong to the genera Coleocephalocereus (2), Epiphyllum (1), Hatiora (2), Lepismium (2), Pereskia (1), Rhipsalis (12), Schlumbergera (1) and Selenicereus (1). Of these species, 18 are epiphytes, 12 are rupicolous and 2 are climbers, some of them exhibiting more than one life-form. Two species are endemic to the state and eleven are assessed as threatened species regionally. This study contributes to improve what is known about Cactaceae in Espírito Santo state. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study comprises the taxonomic treatment of the Lentibulariaceae species in Espírito Santo state, as a continuation of a series of studies focused on the Flora of Espírito Santo. Herein we present an identification key, morphological descriptions, illustrations, distribution map, list of analysed material and comments about taxonomy and distribution of the species. We confirmed the occurrence of 16 species in Espírito Santo state, of which four are new records and only three are not found in protected areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present a floristic treatment of the Eriocaulaceae from Espírito Santo state. A total of 22 species distributed in seven genera were recorded. Paepalanthus is the richest genus with ten species, followed by Leiothrix and Syngonanthus with three species each, Comanthera with two species, and Actinocephalus, Eriocaulon, and Tonina with one species each. Most of the species occur in the restingas (14 spp.), but the diversity in elevated areas is also relevant. The Paulo Cesar Vinha State Park is highlighted as a conservation unit encompassing ten species. Photos, descriptions, an identification key, as well as comments on geographic distribution and morphological variation are provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The pantropical family Connaraceae includes 12-13 genera and about 200 species, with species richness centered in Amazonia and Atlantic Forest. Most neotropical species of this family occur in Brazil, where several taxa are exclusively found. In Espírito Santo (southeast Brazil), two genera (Connarus and Rourea) and nine species of Connaraceae occur, all of which are exclusive to Brazil and mostly distributed in tableland forests or restingas from Rio de Janeiro up to south Bahia, with some taxa restricted to a few sites or even endemic to a particular area in Espírito Santo. In order to contribute to the flora of Espírito Santo, this taxonomic treatment presents morphological descriptions of the family, the two genera and their respective species, along with identification keys, illustrations, distribution maps and recognition notes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chloranthaceae comprises four genera and about 70 species. In Brazil, the family is represented by Hedyosmum, with three species, occurring in the Amazon, Cerrado, and Atlantic forest. In the state of Espírito Santo, the family is represented by Hedyosmum brasiliense. In this study we provide a morphological description, geographic distribution, photographs, and comments on this species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present the taxonomic treatment of four genera and six Malpighiaceae species from the state of Espírito Santo, Brazil. We analyzed herbarium specimens (BHCB, CRVD, MBML, RB, SPF and VIES) and collected specimens in field expeditions from January 2018 to April 2019. Bunchosia was the richest genus with three species recorded in this state, followed by Barnebya, Heladena, and Thryallis, with a single species each. We present morphological descriptions, identification keys, taxonomic notes, distribution maps, and photographic plates for all species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Winteraceae (Canellales) is represented by the genera Drimys, Pseudowintera, Takhtajania, Tasmannia, and Zygogynum, corresponding to approximately 100 species. Only Drimys occurs in Brazil, with three species: Drimys angustifolia, D. brasiliensis and D. roraimensis. The present work was based on consultations in national and international herbaria, mainly of online collections. The description, comments, distribution map, and photographs of D. brasiliensis, the only species registered in the state of Espírito Santo, are provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to assess the diversity of Inga in the state of Espírito Santo (ES), in order to establish diagnostic characters and circumscription of the species through a detailed analysis of botanical collections. This analysis was based on morphological analysis of specimens collected in the ES and deposited in herbarium collections. The study provides identification keys, descriptions, illustrations, taxonomic comments, geographic distributions, distribution patterns, and phenology data for the species. Twenty-six taxa of Inga were recognized in ES. Of these, 14 (52%) are endemic to Brazil, one of which, Inga teresensis, is restricted to ES. Species of Inga occur predominantly in dense ombrophilous forest (23 taxa), followed by seasonal semideciduous forest (16 taxa), open ombrophilous forest (nine taxa), and pioneer formations (eight taxa). Among dense ombrophilous forests, a higher diversity of Inga species was present in slope forests (22 taxa) than tabuleiro forests (15 taxa). Inga aptera, I. cabelo, I. maritima, I. platyptera, and I. unica are listed as threatened. The distribution of four taxa, I. aptera, I. ciliata subsp. ciliata, I. cylindrica, and I. subnuda var. luschnatiana was extended to ES. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Papaveraceae comprises 40 genera and approximately 770 species. In Brazil, it is represented by four genera and eight species, all cultivated or naturalized. In the state of Espírito Santo, the family is represented by Argemone mexicana, for which we present the morphological description, geographical distribution, photographs, and comments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Belonging to Malpighiales, Humiriaceae has about 65 species in eight genera, distributed almost exclusively in the Neotropics, occurring from southern Brazil to Central America. In Brazil, 35 species have been recorded (ca. 54% of the family's diversity), wherein the greatest diversity is found in the Amazon (27 spp.), Atlantic Forest (9 spp.) and Cerrado (6 spp.) domains. This work is part of the "Flora do Espírito Santo" project, which aims to contribute to the knowledge of the state's floristic diversity. Field expeditions were carried out from January/2019 to March/2020. Humiriaceae, in the state of Espírito Santo, is represented by six species distributed in four genera: Humiria, Humiriastrum, Sacoglottis and Vantanea. Among the registered genera, Vantanea is the most diversified, with three species. In the dense rain forest, all Humiriaceae species recorded here were found, followed by pioneer formations of restingas, with four species and seasonal semideciduous forest, with one species. The main morphological characters that assist in the delimitation of Humiriaceae species in Espírito Santo, are androecium characteristics, such as length (homodynamous or heterodynamous), number of stamens and the number of their series, as well as anther morphology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Flora of Espírito Santo presents three species of Helieae (Gentianaceae), circumscribed in the genera Prepusa, with two species, and Senaea with only one species. These poorly known species are described and illustrated here, and had their diagnostic characters and their similarities with other species discussed. In addition, this paper provides an emended key for species and geographic distribution maps of all species of Prepusa and Senaea from Flora of Espírito Santo, with additional comments on their conservation status. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]