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Abstract This study presents a synopsis of the Orchidaceae species in Iguaçu National Park (ParNa Iguaçu), one of the largest Atlantic Forest remnants in the state of Paraná. Orchidaceae is represented in the area by 65 species, distributed in 41 genera, the most representative being Gomesa (7 spp.) and Acianthera (6 spp.). Representatives of three subfamilies are present: Vanilloideae (2 spp.), Orchidoideae (12 spp.) and Epidendroideae (51 spp.) which, as expected, presents the greatest richness (78% of the total). Among the species found, five are considered endemic to Brazil, 23 are endemic to the Atlantic Forest (36%) and one is endemic to Paraná. Thirty-one new records were found for the area. The areas of Mixed Ombrophilous Forest (MOF) had 29 exclusive species, the Semideciduous Seasonal Forest (SSF) had 20, while 16 species occur in both phytophysiognomies. A new occurrence was recorded for MOF. Regarding habit, exclusively epiphytic was the most representative (39 spp.), followed by exclusively terricolous (15 spp.), two vines and one mycoheterotrophic species. Among the families already inventoried in ParNa Iguaçu, Orchidaceae is among the richest and the findings of the present study reinforce the importance of floristic studies for cataloging the local flora.

Abstract Cyperaceae is the third largest family among the monocotyledons and is highly represented in grassland environments. The aim of the present study was to conduct a floristic inventory of Cyperaceae in the grasslands of Guartelá State Park (GSP) and to elaborate keys to identify the species, the first for this family in this vegetation type in Paraná state. The GSP is home to relictual vegetation in Paraná, where grassland phytophysiognomies predominate, especially in open areas and rocky outcrops. The inventory was based on field collections and database searches. The family Cyperaceae is represented in the GSP by 32 taxa belonging to seven genera, with Rhynchospora (11 spp.), Bulbostylis (8 spp.), and Cyperus (7 spp.) being the genera with the greatest richness. It should be noted that all the species are native and two are endemic to Brazil. Species occurrence was recorded both in drylands and wetlands environments, emphasizing the importance of microenvironmental conservation in the park. The main literature sources for each genus, as well as information regarding distribution and habitat, are here provided.

Abstract An overview about ultrastructure of Kranz anatomy in Cyperaceae (Poales) - The ultrastructure of the Kranz tissues in Cyperaceae species with the four types of Kranz anatomy (chlorocyperoid, eleocharoid, fimbristyloid and rhynchosporoid) was studied and compared with species already described in the literature, with the goal verifying the occurrence of patterns for the Kranz types. In addition, chloroplasts and mitochondria were quantified for the first time for all Kranz types. The chloroplast’s structure is similar in the mesophyll cells (PCA) in the four Kranz types, but differs in some features in the bundle sheath cells (PCR). In the chlorocyperoid and rhynchosporoid types the bundle sheath cells (PCR) present centrifugal or scattered chloroplasts with convoluted or parallel thylakoids. In the eleocharoid types, the chloroplasts are scattered with parallel thylakoids. The fimbristyloid type presents centrifugal chloroplasts with convoluted and parallel thylakoids. To eleocharoid and fimbristyloid types and to Cyperus and Pycreus (chlorocyperoid) was observed pattern in the chloroplasts position. In most of the studied species the number of mitochondria in the bundle sheath cells (PCR) is significantly higher than in the mesophyll cells (PCA) and this result diverges from the results found in previous studies.

Abstract In Cyperaceae about 1/3 of the species have Kranz anatomy and some species of Eleocharis can either present Kranzanatomy or not according to the environmental conditions, whether terrestrial (emerged) or aquatic (partly or fully submerged). Eleocharis minima has emerged and submerged scapes in the same individual. To identify the possible differences and their correlation with the environment, the anatomy of these scapes was investigated. The emerged scape is quadrangular e has four vascular bundles, and the submerged is triangular with three bundles. Both scapes (emerged and submerged) show non-Kranz anatomy in the basal region and Kranz anatomy of the eleocharoid type in the median region. In the apical region of submerged scapes occur Kranz anatomy of eleocharoid types, but in this same region of the emerged scape was observed variations in the continuity of the inner bundle sheath and may be interpreted as eleocharoid or chlorocyperoid types. The plasticity of the Kranz anatomy in Eleocharis minima and in other species of the genus is probably related to the amphibious habit. Therefore, the use of characters related to Kranz anatomy in Eleocharis in phylogenetic and evolutionary approaches should be restricted and carefully analyzed in view of its plasticity.

ABSTRACT The purpose of this catalogue was to combine the available data from publications, theses, databases, and herbarium specimens from around 120 Herbaria, and colections sampled in Brazilian vegetation during the last 15 years to produce the most complete list, as possible as, of Cyperaceae species for Brazil. We catalogued ca. 1,700 names for 678 species in 42 genera occurring in Brazil. These values represent ca. 15 percent of the species and 40 percent of the genera found in the world. Both subfamilies of Cyperaceae are found in Brazil with Cyperoideae being the most diverse at both generic and specific levels. Although lower species were recorded for the tribes Cryptangieae, Sclerieae, and Trilepideae, these tribes represent a much higher percentage of the world's totals for genera and species. The most diverse genera are Rhynchospora (157 spp.), Cyperus (101 spp.), Scleria (82 spp.) and Eleocharis (69 spp.). Fifteen genera have one species in Brazil, although five of them are monospecific. The most species-rich regions in Brazil are the North and Southeast. There are no genera endemic to Brazil. There are, however, around 200 endemic species, of which 40 are in the genus Rhynchospora. Taxonomic and nomenclatural problems found are pointed under the species. For each catalogued species, the principal synonyms, bibliographic references, distribution within Brazil's five regions, vegetation type, and citation of selected material examined are provided.

RESUMO Foram estudadas três espécies simpátridas de Mandevilla buscando enriquecer o conhecimento da biota dos inselbergues e identificar estruturas anatômicas possivelmente relacionadas com o ambiente heliófilo. Em seção transversal caulinar e vista paradérmica são comuns aos táxons estudados os seguintes aspectos: epiderme unisseriada; estômatos paracíticos; tricomas tectores simples; hipoderme unisseriada com compostos fenólicos e sistema vascular bicolateral. A medula é ampla em M. dardanoi e reduzida nas demais. Em seção transversal e vista paradérmica foliar as espécies apresentam epiderme unisseriada; cutícula estriada; estômatos paracíticos, unidade vascular central bicolateral e mesofilo dorsiventral.Mandevilla scabra é anfihipoestomática e as demais hipoestomáticas. O colênquima angular ocorre na região da nervura central em ambas as faces em M. dardanoi e M. scabra. O mesofilo é dorsiventral. Alguns aspectos anatômicos, principalmente foliares, encontrados nas espécies de Mandevilla aqui estudadas são freqüentemente indicados como estratégias que podem atuar na resistência a condições de alta temperatura e luminosidade e também estresse hídrico. Entre essas estruturas destacam-se a cutícula estriada, a hipoderme com compostos fenólicos, mesofilo compacto, além de cristais prismáticos e drusas. Os dados anatômicos fornecerem subsídios para futuras abordagens taxonômicas e ecológicas em Mandevilla.