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[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to clarify quantitative relations with the degree of an endomysium collagen fiber network change and the extension at the time of the rat soleus muscle extension. [Subjects] The subjects of this study were Wistar rats. [Method] Rats were divided into four experimental groups. The first group did not have the soleus muscle extended. In the second group, the soleus muscle was extended 10 mm. In the third group, the soleus muscle was extended 20 mm. In the fourth group, the soleus muscle was extended to the maximum. We examined the correlation between the extension distance and endomysium collagen fiber arrangement. [Result] The morphological changes of collagen fibers in the muscle membrane and the stretching muscle distance was significantly correlated. [Conclusion] It appears that collagen fibril arrangement in the endomysium move longitudinally toward the axis of the muscle fibers during muscle stretching. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Purpose] We investigated the effect of a multi-layered approach to education on the practice of the physical therapy process. [Subjects] The subjects were 3rd and 4th year students attending Advanced Physical Therapy II lectures. [Method] In practice, the 4th year students assisted the 3rd year students. At the end of the course, a questionnaire survey was conducted regarding the efficacy of the lecture style. The questionnaire survey was conducted after explaining the results would be anonymous and participation would have no consequences for individuals. [Results] The survey response rate was 100%. The 3rd year students considered that identifying the problem points was the most difficult issue, and the majority responded that the presence of 4th year students in the practice was "very effective". [Conclusion] We consider that the multi-layered style of eduction in physical therapy eduction is effective at raising students' understanding as well as being an effective method for raising their motivation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to investigate the difference between a normal muscular fiber tear and a muscle contracture fiber tear when the rat soleus muscle is overstretched. [Subjects] The subjects of this study were six Wistar rats. [Methods] The rats' right hind legs were fixed in full plantar flexion with a plaster cast. After 4 weeks, direct traction of the soleus muscle was done using an Autograph. After fixation of the leg in the Autograph, the tibia, fibula, and all lower leg muscles, except for the soleus, were cut, and the soleus was stretched to the tearing point. [Results] The distance from the head of the fibula of the soleus muscle to the break part point was not significantly different between the fixed and control limbs. The extension distance was significantly different between the normal and contracture limbs. [Conclusion] The skeletal muscle fixed in contracture showed shortening, and the results suggest that its break point occured closer to the center than that of the normal muscle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]