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The prevalence of antinuclear antibodies (ANA) was investigated in the sera from patients with habitual abortion (HA) and in normal (NP) and toxemic pregnancies (TP). ANAs were more prevalent in patients with HA (30%) as compared with TP (15%) and the control group (6.6%). Only one patient, from the HA group, fulfilled four criteria for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Most other patients with positive ANAs had some of the criteria for SLE, but none of the ANA negative patients had any of them. These studies suggest that there is a high prevalence of ANA in our group of women with HA and their identification may help to identify those patients who may eventually develop SLE which has been reported to be preceded in many women by repeated spontaneous abortions. In addition, immunological factors, at least in some cases, could play a role in the pathogenesis of HA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]