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Purpose of the Study: We conducted a prospective study of patients undergoing simultaneous bilateral total hip arthroplasty (THA) in order to assess perioperative complications. A review of the literature revealed the pertinence of surgical management of patients with invalidating bilateral degenerative hip disease using a single-stage procedure., Material and Methods: Ten patients, four females and six males, mean age 57.8 years (range 33-71 year) were included in the study. The ASA classification was 1 for nine patients and 2 for one. The procedure was performed in the lateral reclining position using a posterolateral approach. Mean operative time was 212 minutes (range 165-270min) and mean blood loss as assessed by serum hemoglobin level was 9 mmol/l preoperatively and 5.93 mmol/l postoperatively. Three patients required transfusion. Mean hospital stay was 11 days (range 7-13 d). Leg length discrepancy improved from an average 4 mm preoperatively to 0.5 mm postoperatively., Results: One patient developed a sacral pressure sore which resolved in 21 days. One patient developed a wound infection (Pseudomonas aeruginosa) which resolved with local treatment. No other complication (death, pulmonary embolism, dislocation, deep infection, stiffness, heterotopic ossification) was observed 17.6 at 15 months of follow-up. There were no revision procedures. The Postel-Merle-d'Aubigné score improved from 9.6 preoperatively to 15 at mean follow-up (range 10-24 months)., Discussion: Bilateral implantation of THAs in a single-stage procedure is indicated for chronic invalidating bilateral degenerative disease. About 0.5% to 3% of hip replacement procedures concern simultaneous bilateral implantations. The complication rate is no higher than after sequential surgery or even after single THA procedures, including the risk of pulmonary embolism. The cost of the procedure and the mean hospital stay are reduced compared with two operations. Rehabilitation is facilitated. The operative time is however longer and the risk of bleeding is increased but can be compensated for preoperatively and minimized intra- and postoperatively. This attractive strategy is not currently sufficiently reimbursed by the current conditions of the French health care insurance system.