Search

Introduction: Labor informality and the formalization of employment have already been widely discussed. However, the problem remains on the public and government agendas at both the national and subnational levels. Objective: The objective is to assess the design of the public policy instruments that the government of Nuevo León has implemented (2015-2021) for the formalization of employment. The target population of the instruments are the Micro, Small and Medium enterprises of the state of Nuevo León. Method and technique: Firstly, a documentary research in secondary sources was carried out. Subsequently, semi-structured interviews were conducted with officials in charge of the public policy instruments for the formalization of employment. The people interviewed were: the Director of Support and Development for Small and Medium Enterprises of the Government of the State of Nuevo León; the Coordinator of the Service Center for Small and Medium Enterprises of the Government of the State of Nuevo León; the head of the State Commission for Regulatory Improvement of the Government of the State of Nuevo León; the Coordinator for the Promotion of the Impulsa Nuevo León Program; the Director of Planning and Public Policies of the Government of the State of Nuevo León; and the Director of the Economic Development Commission of the Nuevo León Council. To systematize the opinions of the interviewees, the ATLAS.ti computer program was used and the categories created are presented in Table 2. Finally, the ideology of the actors involved was contrasted with three key precepts of neoliberalism that were identified. Results: 1. The Government of Nuevo León does not have information about the number of jobs generated by the companies that receive government financial support. 2. The planning of public policy instruments is carried out, mainly, by the private sector. 3. The business chambers of Small and Medium Enterprises are the ones that are mainly involved. 4. Financial support is granted after companies go to the government to request it and there is no research and development. 5. Financial support is mainly concentrated in the formal Micro, Small and Medium-sized enterprises, but there is no updated registry. 6. Monitoring is carried out as long as the companies continue to attend to the offices of the government of Nuevo León. Conclusions: It is concluded that it is necessary to redesign the public policy instruments under the leadership of the government of Nuevo León and to link, specifically, the target population of the programs with the forms of state intervention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: In Villavicencio city in 2018, the population had the Informal economy as the income source for the middle of the population, one quarter of the population were in poverty, and in turn, one quarter were registered as victims of the armed conflict. In this condition, a huge group of people dedicated themselves to street sales as an alternative to unemployment and thus achieve their livelihood. Objective: This article aims to analyze the livelihoods of street vendors in Villavicencio to achieve the reproduction of their life in the face of national social policies in the period 2010-2018. Method and technique: The qualitative methodology was selected from the Latin American Configuration ism approach and the social policies that the national governments developed and that reached this population was observed. A case study was developed with in-depth interviews with a population of 12 people dedicated to street vendors in Villavicencio. Results: The livelihoods of this population were identified from the economic, financial, social dimensions, and concerning the State, making visible from their point of view, the interpretation of reality and the role of the national government in the face of its problems. Conclusion: This research contributes to the understanding of the popular economy, the living conditions of street vendors and vendors, and the urgent need to know their context for the development of social policies related to this huge and heterogeneous population group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]