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The aim of this study is to assess the balance between benefits and risks of population-based mammography screening programs in Peruvian women. We followed the criteria proposed by the GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation) working group. A generic search strategy for published studies was performed using Medline and other sources of national data (gray literature). The evidence of benefits, risks, costs and preferences of the population was used in order to state a recommendation in favour, or against, screening. We found five systematic reviews (SR) that evaluated the balance between benefit and risks, two economic evaluations based on Peruvian data, and one study that reported the preferences of Peruvian women. The quality of evidence of the SR was moderate in favour of screening in women aged 50-69 years. The balance of risks and benefits showed a higher probability of overdiagnosis compared with the reduction in mortality. The most cost-effective strategy was the triennial mammography. Perceived barriers could seriously compromise the participation of women. In conclusion, the recommendation of mammography screening for Peruvian women is weak, even more if we take into account other health necessities of the population. However, if implemented, triennial mammography in women aged 50-69 years could be the more suitable screening strategy.

Objectives: To estimate the prevalence and associated factors with the labor porjection in the countryside of physicians from Lima., Materials and Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study of 782 physicians who were surveyed during their affiliation at Peruvian Medical College during March and April 2010. Labor projection in the countryside was defined such as if they responded "inside the country" to the question "Where do you plan to be working in the next five years?" We used a multiple logistic regression model to find the associated factors., Results: The average age of the participants was 25 years, 54% were female and 73% graduated in private universities. Only 7.0% reported plans to work in the countryside and 0,5% in rural areas. No association with gender, place of birth, having physicians in their family, university type, the english efficiency, having resided for more than a one year in the provinces and the year of completion of internship was found. In the multivariate analysis, we found association with having made the internship inside the country (OR: 3.1, 95%CI :1.5-6.3), communicate in Quechua (OR: 2.9, CI 1.4- 6.1), both parents born in the countryside (OR: 2.8, CI :1.4-5.6), while a monthly salary projection of more than $ 1780 dollars (OR: 0.4 CI :0.2-0,8) and living with their nuclear family or partner (OR: 0.3, CI :0.1-0.5) were negatively associated., Conclusions: Labor projection of work in the countryside of recently collegiated physicians from Lima is low. Some of the factors found can help to design strategies to reverse this situation.