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The COVID-19 pandemic has had repercussions in the social, economic, psychological and health spheres, for which risk and exposure groups have been identified. Health workers are distinguished from the rest of the population by constant contact with patients carrying the SARS-CoV-2 virus.To determine the difference in the incidence of COVID-19 in health workers who remain in work activity and those who shelter at home.Cohort study in health workers from March 2020 to January 2021. Two groups were integrated, the exposed group made up of workers who remained working in the health unit (n = 4650) and the non-exposed group, those who carried out home protection (n = 337). When the groups were integrated, none had a diagnosis of COVID-19, they were followed up for 11 months and when COVID-19 was diagnosed, it was done with a PCR test. Statistical analysis included incidence rate, confidence intervals, Chi square, relative risk, and confidence interval for relative risk.The incidence of COVID-19 in workers in home shelter was 39.8% (95% CI: 34.6-45.0) and in workers who remained in the medical unit 16.0% (95% CI: 14.9-17.1). The relative risk was 0.40 (95% CI: 0.34-0.47) for workers who remained working in the health unit.The incidence of COVID-19 was higher in health workers with home protection than in those who continued with normal activities in the medical unit.la pandemia por COVID-19 ha repercutido en el ámbito social, económico, psicológico y de la salud, por lo que se han identificado grupos de riesgo y de exposición. Los trabajadores de la salud se distinguen del resto de la población por el contacto constante con pacientes portadores del virus SARS-CoV-2.determinar la diferencia de incidencia de COVID-19 en trabajadores de la salud que permanece en actividad laboral y los que se resguardan en domicilio.estudio de cohorte en trabajadores de la salud de marzo 2020 a enero 2021. Se integraron dos grupos: el grupo expuesto compuesto por trabajadores que permanecieron laborando en la unidad de salud (n = 4650) y el grupo no expuesto, que realizaron resguardo domiciliario (n = 337). Cuando se integraron los grupos ninguno tenía diagnóstico de COVID-19, se siguieron durante 11 meses y cuando se diagnosticó COVID-19 se realizó con prueba de PCR. El análisis estadístico incluyó tasa de incidencia, Intervalos de confianza, Chi cuadrada, riesgo relativo e intervalo de confianza para riesgo relativo.la incidencia de COVID-19 de trabajadores en resguardo domiciliario fue de 39.8% (IC95%: 34.6-45.0) y en trabajadores que permanecieron en la unidad médica de 16.0% (IC95%: 14.9-17.1). El riesgo relativo fue de 0.40 (IC95%: 0.34-0.47) para trabajadores que permanecieron laborando en la unidad de salud.la incidencia de COVID-19 fue superior en trabajadores de la salud con resguardo domiciliario que en aquellos que continuaron con actividades normales en la unidad médica.

Chronic kidney disease cost is considered high for health systems due to the amount of supplies required for treatment and increasing prevalence.Determine institutional cost of hemodialysis in chronic kidney disease.Cost design from the institutional perspective, in patients with chronic kidney disease managed with hemodialysis. The sample size was 269 and the sample technique for consecutive cases. Annual fixed average cost (times and movements technique) and annual variable average cost (microcosting technique) adjusted by use of services, helped to identify annual average cost by function of production and service, the sum of these resulted in annual cost of care. Statistical analysis included averages and projections.The average annual cost of the patient with chronic kidney disease on hemodialysis varies between $223,183 and $257,000; the cost in life is $1,198,968. The institutional total cost it corresponds to between 1.47% and 1.73% of the budget.Hemodialysis cost in chronic kidney disease is high for the institution, however, hemodialysis allows the survival of the patient.El costo de la enfermedad renal crónica es alto para los sistemas de salud debido a los insumos y la prevalencia.Determinar el costo institucional del tratamiento del paciente con enfermedad renal crónica en manejo con hemodiálisis.Estudio de costos desde la perspectiva institucional, realizado en pacientes con enfermedad renal crónica manejada con hemodiálisis. El tamaño de muestra fue de 269 y la técnica muestral fue por casos consecutivos. El costo promedio fijo anual (técnica de tiempos y movimientos) y el costo promedio variable anual (técnica de microcosteo) ajustado por el perfil de uso de servicios identificaron el costo promedio anual por función de producción y servicio, y la suma de estos, el costo anual de la atención. El análisis estadístico incluyó promedios y proyecciones.El costo promedio anual del paciente con enfermedad renal crónica manejado con hemodiálisis varía entre $223,183 y $257,000; el costo en la vida es de $1,198,968. El costo total para la institución supone entre el 1.47% y el 1.73% del presupuesto.El costo de la hemodiálisis en la enfermedad renal crónica es alto para la institución; sin embargo, la hemodiálisis permite la supervivencia de los pacientes.

The incidence of acute kidney injury in hospitalized elderly is a frequent event that makes them prone to complications and can even lead to death. Therefore, identifying risk factors for developing acute kidney injury becomes a priority in the process of care of the elderly.To identify the main risk factors for acute kidney injury in hospitalized elderly and, on the basis of those risk factors, calculate the probability of presentation.Case-control study nested in a cohort, which included patients of 60 years or older, admitted to the Internal Medicine service at an institution of social security in Querétaro, Mexico. Patients with acute kidney injury were identified as cases and patients without acute kidney injury were included in the control group. Acute kidney injury was diagnosed when there was an increased creatinine level ≥ 0.3 mg/dL (≥ 26.4 mmol/L) in a period48 hours.Hypovolemia and infection were identified as risk factors for acute kidney injury and they were included into the model of multiple logistic regression (y = 1,111 + 1,063 [infection] + 1.422 [hypovolemia]), (p = 0.002). The highest probability of having acute kidney injury was 80%.Two factors for acute kidney injury and a prediction model were identified.la lesión renal aguda en pacientes ancianos hospitalizados es un evento frecuente que los predispone a complicaciones e incluso a la muerte. Es así que al atender a un anciano es prioritario identificar los factores de riesgo para presentar tal evento.identificar los principales factores de riesgo para lesión renal aguda en el anciano hospitalizado y a partir de ellos, calcular la probabilidad de presentación.estudio de casos y controles anidado en una cohorte que incluyó pacientes de 60 años o más, ingresados en el servicio de medicina interna de una institución de seguridad social en Querétaro, México. Se identificó como caso al paciente con lesión renal aguda y como control al paciente sin lesión renal aguda. La lesión renal aguda se diagnosticó cuando existió un incremento de la creatinina ≥ 0.3 mg/dL (≥ 26.4 mmol/L) en un tiempo48 horas.se identificaron como factores de riesgo para lesión renal aguda la hipovolemia y la infección, se integraron al modelo de regresión logística múltiple (y = −1.111 + 1.063 [infección] + 1.422 [hipovolemia]) p = 0.002. La probabilidad más alta de presentar lesión renal aguda fue de 80%.se identificaron dos factores para lesión renal aguda y un modelo de predicción.

to determine the prevalence of the physical exploration and morbidity on pelvic members in the type 2 diabetic patient.cross-sectional study; 189 files of diabetic family medicine patients were analyzed. The sample was considered with the formula of proportions for a finite population. Sampling units were chosen by convenience and they were taken up again from each one of the family medicine physician's offices. Sociodemographic variables, pathologies, time of evolution of diabetes, glycemic control and consultations along a year were studied. Physical explorations were made and signs explored by the physicians. Descriptive statistic for the analysis of data was used.average age 58.89 years (CI 95 %, 57.1-60.7); women predominated with 61.9 % (CI 95 %, 55.0-68.8), mean time of evolution 10.60 years ± 7.29. In 74.1 % some sign in pelvic members was explored, and in 14.3 % some added problem was detected. Of these, 9 % suffered from onychomycosis.physical exploration of pelvic members it is not to be performed in all type 2 diabetic patients.Objetivo: determinar la prevalencia de exploración física y morbilidad de miembros pélvicos en el paciente diabético tipo 2. Métodos: estudio transversal descriptivo. Se analizaron 189 expedientes de pacientes diabéticos de medicina familiar. La muestra se estimó con la fórmula de proporciones para población finita. Las unidades muestrales se eligieron por conveniencia y se retomaron de cada uno de los consultorios de medicina familiar. Se estudiaron variables sociodemográficas y de salud (patologías agregadas, tiempo de evolución de la diabetes, control glucémico y consultas al año). Del servicio se estudiaron exploraciones físicas realizadas y signos explorados por el médico en un año. Se utilizó estadística descriptiva para el análisis de datos. Resultados: edad promedio de 58.89 años (IC 95 %, 57.1-60.7), predominó el sexo femenino con 61.9 % (IC 95 %, 55.0-68.8), el promedio de tiempo de evolución fue de 10.60 ± 7.29 años. La mayoría tenía descontrol glucémico. En el 74.1 % se exploró algún signo en miembros pélvicos, al 14.3 % se le detectó algún problema agregado; de estos, 9.0 % padecía onicomicosis. Conclusión: la exploración física de los miembros pélvicos no se realiza en la totalidad de los pacientes diabéticos tipo 2.

to quantify the economic cost of polypharmacy in the elderly.cost study design, made in two first-level medical units. The study was conducted in 131 older adult patients with polypharmacy, chronic degenerative disease and at least one medical visit per year. The sample was calculated using the formula of finite population averages. The cost of polypharmacy was assessed in medical consultation, medicine and pharmacy services. The evaluation of the medical cost included the number of visits per year for the same unit cost, the cost of medicine considered the amount of drug per year for the same unit cost, and the cost of the service pharmacy took into account the number of times the pharmacy occupies the unit cost of the same. The statistical analysis included means, percentages and confidence intervals.in family practice the average annual cost is $1,263.26. In pharmacy the average annual cost is $229.91. The average time drug use is 4.37 months per year (95 % CI = 0.9-7.9), the annual average cost drugs is $708.00. Considering the three dimensions the annual cost of polypharmacy in the elderly is $2,201.17.the cost of polypharmacy is high and represents a significant economic impact.Objetivo: determinar el costo económico de la polifarmacia en el adulto mayor. Métodos: estudio de costos en dos unidades de medicina familiar. Se estudió una muestra de 131 adultos mayores con polifarmacia, enfermedades crónicas degenerativas y con al menos una consulta al año. La muestra se calculó con la fórmula de población finita para promedios. El costo de polifarmacia fue evaluado en tres dimensiones: consulta médica, medicamentos y servicio de farmacia. La evaluación de la consulta médica incluyó el número de atenciones al año por el costo unitario de la misma; el costo de medicamentos, la cantidad anual de este por el costo unitario del mismo y el costo del servicio de farmacia, el número de ocasiones que se ocupa la farmacia por el costo unitario de las mismas. Resultados: el costo anual de la consulta médica fue de $1263.26 y el de farmacia, de $229.91. El tiempo de uso de medicamentos fue de 4.37 meses al año y el costo anual en fármacos, de $708.00. El costo anual de la polifarmacia en el adulto mayor fue de $2201.17. Conclusiones: la polifarmacia representa un importante costo e impacto económico.

To identify the risk factors and to estimate the probability to develop dental decay.A study of cases and controls in 4-year-old children, with a sample of 102 patients selected by quota was done. The oral hygiene habit, consumption of cariogenic food, annual oral evaluation and topical application of fluorine were studied as risk factors. The statically analysis included bivariated and multiple regression logistic, and estimation of the probability to develop decay.The oral hygiene habit was identified like the main risk factor with the greatest influence (OR=15.27) in the multiple model integrated with the variable mentioned, consumption of cariogenic food and oral annually evaluation. It turned out to be significant (p=0.00). The highest probability to present decay was of 76% and the lowest of 5%.Hygienic habit was the most important risk factor to develop dental decay.

To determine SOHDi program cost-effectiveness (S = overweight, O = obesity, H = hypertension, Di = diabetes) in type 2 diabetes patients (DM2) without hypertension.Sample included 32 patients. The effectiveness was measured by the blood glucose values. The SOHDi intervention cost included physician medical attention cost (PMAC), laboratory cost (LC), education group cost and individual evaluation cost. The cost of the traditional alternative medical attention (TAMA) contemplated PMAC and LC. The analysis cost-effectiveness included different intervals measurements, equal or smaller than 140 mg/dL blood glucose levels.The percentage of population with equal or smaller than 140 mg/dL blood glucose (effectiveness) in SOHDi was 23.3%, in TAMA was 44.8%. The average cost in SOHDi was $2202.22; in TAMA $1930.79. In the cases with blood glucose equal or smaller to 140 mg/dL the cost of effectiveness of 50% was $4726 in SOHDi and $2155 in TAMA. In this same situation the effectiveness by $1000 was 10.58% in SOHDi and 23.20% in TAMA.The SOHDi group is not the best alternative, at least not in the present operational conditions.

To identify to the life style as a risk factor after the strategy of facing the disease in type 2 diabetic patients.A study of cases and controls was made in patients with type 2 diabetes of five primary care units in the metropolitan area of Queretaro city. The sample size was of 48 patients by group. They were chosen by quota in the waiting room. Sociodemographic variables and health aspects were included in the questionnaire. The life style was investigated by the Instrument to Measure the Style of Life in Diabetics (IMEVID). For the evaluation of type of facing the scale of Strategy of Facing was used as opposed to extreme risks. Measures of central tendency, χ² and odds ratio were included.The type of active facing was a risk factor for the style of life with a p = 0.0001.The strategy of active facing disease is a risk factor for the style of life in the type 2 diabetic patient.

To determine the relationship between functional social support and vital satisfaction of the elder retirement adult.Comparative cross-sectional study in retired adults aged 60 years and more. Two groups were integrated (high and low satisfaction) evaluated with Moral Scale of Satisfaction of the Geriatric Center of Philadelphia modified and validated by Montorio. The sample size was calculated with comparative cross-sectional studies formula, presence of the social support of 80 % in the group of high satisfaction and 50 % in the one of low satisfaction (n = 29). The selection was made at random using the payroll listing of retirees. Social demographic variables were studied. Relationship between the retirement and functional social support was evaluated with the scale of Functional Social Support of Duker-UNC-11.Sociodemographic characteristics and those related to the retirement did not present significant statistical differences (p0.05) in the groups of high and low satisfaction. There was an association between the functional social support and the vital satisfaction with odds ratio of 3.00 (95%CI = 1.08-8.32).Functional social support and vital satisfaction in the elderly were associated.