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This work tries to make a reflection about the education significance in face of certainties and uncertainties regarding challenges in teachers' formation nowadays. Based on theoretical references in a critical perspective, we looked for elements, through reflections, for a better understanding of the world in which we live and we try to educate people. We thought about what could have been occurring in the undercurrent ways of history, because thinking about the process of education and teachers' formation, in a wide perspective, we should take into account that these ones are the educators of our people. Therefore, we propose to study contrasting the todays' education starting on rationality that goes away from the instrumental reason, having as a base the education and values that involve the contemporary world. When faced with the complexity of education processes, it becomes essential to understand the processes of initial and continuous teachers' formation from an analysis of new perspectives of possible rationality, taking into account the whole process, the historical and social context in which they occur. Specially the contradictions that could be noticed, in terms of rationality, in the implementation of educational public policies can bring important contributions to the surpassing of limitations that have undermined important projects that go on in another perspective than the instrumental rationality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]