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In January 2019, the European Committee for the Study of Antimicrobial Susceptibility (EUCAST) introduced some changes in the definitions of clinical categories for antibiotic susceptibility. The objective of these changes was to improve the credibility of category "I", optimizing and lengthening the survival and use of available antibiotics in the face of increasing antimicrobial resistance. This article aims to describe and explain these changes in the EUCAST criteria as well as make a short review about the factors on which the antibiotic susceptibility criteria depend., (©The Author 2022. Published by Sociedad Española de Quimioterapia. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0)(https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/).)

The year 2020 was the year of infectious diseases with the arrival of SARS-CoV-2, which represented a profound change in the world we knew. However, we present a brief description of some of the top infectious diseases articles from 2020 not related with SARS-CoV-2. We reviewed a selection of the most important and relevant achievements in diagnosis and therapy related to bacteremia, nosocomial pneumonia, skin and soft tissue infections, infections by Clostridioides difficile, mycobacterial infections and invasive fungal infections. This year entailed a significant step forward in the indisputable value of the health care stewardship programs.

Objective: Our objective was to evaluate the in vitro activity of ceftolozane-tazobactam against multidrug resistant (MDR) and extensively drug-resistant (XDR) non metallo-β-lactamase producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical isolates at Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet (Zaragoza, Spain) from February 2016 to October 2017., Methods: We evaluated the in vitro activity of ceftolozane-tazobactam and other antipseudomonal antibiotics against 12 MDR and 117 XDR non metallo-β-lactamase producing P. aeruginosa isolates. Ceftolozane-tazobactam minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were determined by MIC gradient diffusion test strip., Results: Among the 129 MDR/XDR isolates included, 119 (92.2%) were susceptible to ceftolozane-tazobactam, and ten (7.8%) were resistant. MIC50 was 2 mg/L, and MIC90 4 mg/L. Ceftolozane-tazobactam was the second most active antibiotic after colistin, overtaking amikacin., Conclusions: Ceftolozane-tazobactam is a valuable treatment option for MDR and XDR P. aeruginosa infections in our setting., (©The Author 2019. Published by Sociedad Española de Quimioterapia. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0)(https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/).)