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This article describes the outcomes of a bibliographic revision made to identify the main financial problems that small and medium-size companies face in some Latin- American countries. For this reason, a qualitative descriptive research study is made, from which three problematic areas are defined: capital structure, financing access and strategic planning management. It was found that a high percentage of these pymes have similarities in the way they manage their resources, the way they make financial decisions and the daily problems they face. One of these issues is the educational level of the company chief executive because it turns to be the most relevant factor at the time of taking advantage from financial tools and allowing company growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]