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Antecedentes: La caña de azúcar (Saccharum) clasifica como un recurso forrajero excelente en el período poco lluvioso del año por sus innumerables atributos, como fácil establecimiento, la necesidad de pocas atenciones al cultivo, así como su alta productividad. Objetivo. Evaluar el efecto del cultivar, cepa y distancia de plantación entre surcos en la producción de biomasa verde de cultivares de caña de azúcar seleccionados a partir de criterios forrajeros. Métodos: La plantación del estudio se realizó en el mes de febrero de 2016. El experimento se estableció en un diseño multifactorial categórico 33 = 27 combinaciones en el diseño base, con dos réplicas para un total de 81 observaciones. Se evaluaron los factores distancias de plantación entre surcos (0,90; 1,20 y 1,50 m), cultivares (C97-366; C99-374 y My5514) y cepas (planta, soca y 2do retoño). La producción de biomasa verde se determinó a los 12 meses de edad. Para el procesamiento estadístico de los datos se realizó un análisis de varianza multifactorial. Resultados: Se detectaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en la interacción de los factores cepa por distancia de plantación entre surcos para la producción de biomasa verde. En la cepa de caña planta y a 0,90 m entre surcos se lograron los mejores resultados productivos, mientras que no se observaron diferencias significativas entre cultivares. Conclusiones: Se ratificó el potencial genético para la producción de biomasa verde de los nuevos cultivares de caña de azúcar forrajeros C97-366 y C99-374 al alcanzar valores superiores a las 60 t ha-1 como promedio de las tres cosechas.

Background: A study was conducted at the Territorial Sugar Cane Research Station (ETICA) in the mid-eastern Camagüey province, Cuba, to evaluate the effect of cultivar, stump, and planting distance between furrows for green biomass production, based on forage-production criteria. Methods: The plantation was made in February 2016. The experiment was established according to a categorical multifactorial experimental design 3³ = 27, combinations on the base design, with two replicas, and 81 observations. Plantation distance between furrows (0.90, 1.20, and 1.50 m), cultivars (C97-366, C99-374, and My5514), and stumps (plant, shoot, and second shoot), were evaluated. The production of green biomass was determined at 12 months of age. A multifactorial variance analysis using Statgraphics Centurion, XV.I, was performed for statistical processing. Results: Statistically significant differences were detected in the interaction of stump with plantation distance between furrows, for the production of green biomass. The sugar cane stump planted at 0.90 m between furrows showed the best productive results, whereas no significant differences were found between cultivars. Conclusions: The genetic potential for green biomass production was corroborated by the new sugar cane forage cultivars C97-366 and C99-374, with values bove 60 t/ha-1, as the average of the three harvests. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Several different plant species with a forage potential for ruminant nutrition can be found in fruit ecosystems. Their relevance is that a high variety of foods containing high amounts of secondary metabolites can be consumed. The aim of this research was to characterize the technological and economic viability of growing-fattening ovines integrated to guava treeleguminosae (Teramnus labialis) systems. Methods: A four-month study was conducted in 1.2 ha of guava under a sprinkling irrigation system, where the leguminosae was established as well. A total of 18 ovines were integrated to the area (growing-fattening Pelibuey), with rotational grazing in three enclosures. Every phytotechnical and zootechnical action performed to the poly-crop and the animals, were monitored. The time utilized in all the phytotechnical and zootechnical labor was estimated, and the costs of salary and energy were calculated. Weight increase of bovines and the guava fruit yields (t.ha-1) were determined. Income, expenses, and profits were calculated. Results: Irrigation and animal grazing were the most time-consuming activities. The total income was over $10 000.00 per integrated hectare; however, the total profits per hectare were negative ($ -1627 CUP), due to low guava yields during the season, and the costs of salaries and electric power from irrigation, which were partly mitigated by the ovine production with zootechnical profits of $ 1 925.00. Conclusions: The integrated guava-leguminosae-ovine system demonstrated a technological and economic feasibility to increase sustainability of guava production in Cuba. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Se estimó el impacto económico potencial de una planta de BAGAMÉS en la producción de leche. Se decidió escoger una capacidad productiva de 100 t/d de producto seco. Las vacas tenían las siguientes características: 420 kg de peso vivo, sin ganancia de peso, en su tercera lactancia, con una capacidad de 17,0 l/vaca de leche potencial, con 3,8 % de grasa. Se estimó una producción de 10,0 l/vaca. Se utilizó el programa CALRAC. Se analizaron dos casos: época poco lluviosa (210 días), donde el animal tiene alto gasto por locomoción y época lluviosa (155 días) con bajo gasto por locomoción. En ambos casos el animal se alimentó con BAGAMÉS, pasto de mala calidad (pitilla más tejana) y con sal A-2. La introducción de la propuesta tecnológica representó un impacto económico positivo, eviden-ciado con el ahorro por sustitución de importaciones, de más de 4 600 t de leche en polvo anualmente, que represen-tan una contribución de 12 243 614,45 pesos a la balanza de pagos

A plant manufacturing protein-enriched sugarcane bagasse (BAGAMES) for dairy-cow feeding and, hence, its potential economic impact on milk production was evaluated. Productive capacity chosen to this end was 100 t/d of dry matter. Dairy cows under study were characterized by 420 kg liveweight, no weight gain, being in their third lactational period, and a potential milk production of 17,0 l/cow with 3,8 % of fat. Milk production per dairy cow was estimated in 10,0 l. Data were processed by the CALRAC software program. A two-case analytical study was carried out: the first one during the less rainy season (210 days) in which animals move about the most, and the second one during the rainy season (155 days) when animals move about the least. In both cases, dairy cows were fed with BAGAMES, low quality pasture, and A-2 salt. The implementation of the BAGAMES manufacturing plant, as a technological proposal, had a positive economic impact on milk production, evidenced by an annual decrease in imports of more than 4 600 tons of powder milk which contributed 12 243 614,45 pesos to the balance of payments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A possible environmental impact provoked by the implementation of a technology to manufacture BAGAMÉS (animal food obtained by enriching sugarcane bagasse with protein) was studied. Validity of this research project was evaluated through a lab setting and a monitoring plant. This industrial plan could be settled in a sugarcane manufacturing enterprise in Camagüey province, Cuba. Probable emissions of solid, liquid, and gas residuals at industrial level were assessed. The recommended technology and measures reducing the likelihood of negative effects generated by this plant are described. BAGAMÉS manufacturing plant could contribute to lower down the environmental impact upon sugarcane manufacturing industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Microbial growth kinetics in manufacturing feedstuff by a solid state fermentation process is dealt with. Candida utilities yeast was used for sugar cane bagasse protein enrichment; besides, filter cake mud and molasses residuals from the sugar cane industry as well as other ingredients were added as nutrients to the culture medium. The system dynamic response within a temperature range from 25 °C to 45 °C was studied taking into account the true protein and the total reducing sugars variables. The fermentation process lasted 30 hours. A logistic model was applied to display experimental data by the Model Maker software. Data constants showed a temperature dependence which actually matched polynomials. The maximal growth specific constant ranged from 0,059 8 h-1 to 0,112 3 h-1, the biomass maximal concentration from 5,27 % to 5,90 %, and the biomass-substrate yield from 0,055 1 to 0,102 3. Optimal temperature to reach a maximum protein enrichment ranged from 30 °C to 33 °C . Parameters determined by the adjusted model agreed with those observed in similar systems according to the literature in this field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]