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Acetaminophen is a drug widely used in the world and easily accessible due to its antipyretic, analgesics characteristics, among others (1); however, exposure to toxic doses causes organic damage and even death. We present the case of an 18-year-old female patient who ingested 40 grams of acetaminophen and developed severe liver dysfunction, being treated with N-acetylcysteine (NAC) antidotal therapy according to the simplified scheme: Scottish and Newcastle Anti-emetic Pretreatment Paracetamol Poisoning Study Regimen (SNAP), presenting improvement in the clinical course and decrease in liver profiles, coagulation disorder, INR and resolution of the condition.

Drug induced liver injury (DILI) can be can be triggered by many medications including antituberculosis drugs. We present the case of a 37-year-old woman with a smear- positive pulmonary tuberculosis who started treatment with first-line antituberculosis drugs and 4 weeks later presented jaundice, somnolence and a morbilliform generalized rash with progressive neurologic deterioration which had a fatal outcome. Antituberculosis drugs can cause DILI in 2 to 28% of patients and drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS syndrome) in 1.2%. Acute liver failure (ALF) can occur in 35% of patients with DILI with an overall mortality of 9.7%. If the ALF is unresponsive to medical treatment, liver transplantation has shown promising results and can avoid progression of complications. DILI can be a serious medical condition in patients receiving antituberculosis drugs. If ALF develops and is unresponsive to medical treatment, liver transplantation should be considered as the treatment of choice.

Introduction: A condition of high short-term mortality in the cirrhotic patient is Acute-on-Chronic Liver Failure (ACLF), characterized by organ failure (s) and usually preceded by acute decompensation (AD)., Objective: To determine the frequency, clinical profile, and mortality in cirrhotic patients hospitalized with ACLF., Materials and Methods: This is an observational analytical study conducted from July 2016 to June 2017. We established the ACLF condition through the criteria of the CANONIC study., Results: The study population was 118 patients, of whom 34 (28.8%) presented ACLF, 14 (41%) were Grade 1, 16 (47%) Grade 2 and 4 (11.9%) Grade 3. The average age was 61.5 years old, alcoholism being the most frequent etiology with 18 patients (53%) and mostly without episodes of AD (64.7%). The most frequent precipitating factors were: Digestive hemorrhage (41%) and infections (29.4%). The groups with and without ACLF were statistically significant in the Child-Turcot-Pugh score (CTP) (11.4 ± 1.8 vs. 8.69 ± 2.04; p < 0.0001 ). MELD score (26.4 ± 8.1 vs. 14.4 ± 4.6; p < 0.0001), leukocytes (11,809.7 +/- 6,906.3 per mm3 vs. 8,434.01 ± 5,434.9 per mm3; p: 0.006) and 28-day mortality (76.5% vs. 21.4%, p < 0.0001), with a relative risk (RR) of 3.5., Conclusions: The frecuency of ACLF was 28.8%, similar to that of the CANONIC study (30.9%). The digestive hemorrhage being the main precipitating factor. The CTP, MELD and leukocyte scores were highest in this group. Mortality in patients with ACLF was 3.5 times more frequent than in patients without ACLF.

Familial Adenomatous polyposis (FAP) it is based on an autosomal dominant mutation which results in loss of function of theAPC tumor suppressor gene. On the other hand, Gardner syndrome is a type of FAP and is characterized for multiple colonic adenomatous polyps and extracolonic abnormalities as desmoid tumors, osteomas, lipomas, dental abnormalities, dermoid cysts and duodenal adenomas. This report aims to present two patients with FAP: The first one is a patient who presented with osteomas and hematochezia, being diagnosed with Gardner Syndrome after the colonoscopy. The second patient has a family history of colon cancer, who is diagnosed with FAP with tubular adenocarcinoma. We decide to report both cases due to the absence of previous reports in Peru.

We report the case of a male patient of 75 years old who presents with abdominal pain, hyporexia, early satiety, general malaise and watery stools, admitted in emergency for an episode of syncope. On physical examination, hepatomegaly of 6cm below the right costal margin was detected. CT scan showed multiple liver metastases. An upper endoscopy found multiple hyperpigmented lesions on the second portion of the duodenum. Histology and immunohistochemistry studies concluded it was duodenal melanoma. Skin and ocular examination did not reveal associated neoplastic lesions.

Inflammatory bowel disease is associated with extraintestinal manifestations. Among these manifestations is the venous tromboembolism which presents a risk three times more than that presented in general population. We report the case of a 61-year-old male with a history of abdominal pain, chronic diarrhea and fever, with leukocytosis, and fecal samples containing leukocytes, partial ileal stenosis with multiple ulcers in the enteroscopy, with histologic findings compatible with Crohn's disease. The patient has a good outcome with prednisone and maintenence azathioprine, presenting at the fifth month deep venous thrombosis of both lower extremities that resolvewith anticoagulation treatment.

Objective: To validate the Rockall score in elderly patients with non variceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding, in terms of mortality and recurrent bleeding at 30 days follow-up., Material and Methods: Patients older than 60 year-old, with non variceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding demonstrated by endoscopy, who were attended in a third level general hospital from June 2009 to June 2013, were included. Data was analyzed with the ROC (Receiver Operating Characteristic) curve. The area under curve was obtained to assess the Rockall score., Results: One hundred ninety patients were included, 64.2% were males, with an average age of 74 years old. Overall mortality was 16.8% and respiratory failure with second bleeding episode was the most common cause of death (34.3% and 31.3% respectively). 5.52% of patients presented a second bleeding episode. A transfusion of more than 2 blood-packs was needed in the 24.7% of the patients. The area under ROC curve using the Rockall score was 0,76 (IC: 0.68-0.84) for mortality risk, 0.71 (IC: 0.55-0.88) for the risk of rebleeding and 0.66 (IC: 0.58-0.74) for needing a more than 2 blood-packs transfusion., Conclusions: Rockall score is a good predictor for mortality and rebleeding during the 30 day-period after a non-variceal bleeding episode in elderly patients. The best sensibility and specificity was obtained with the scores of 5 and 6, respectively.

The present case illustrates a patient with obscure gastrointestinal bleeding which MiroCam capsule endoscopy showed erosions and ulcers from distal jejunum to ileum. Considering that ileal ulcers where closer to ileocecal valve, ileoscopy was repeated. Diagnosis with new biopsies was Crohn disease. Capsule endoscopy is an innovative technology, which let us have high resolution color pictures through gastrointestinal tract for more effective and diagnostic view of small bowel in a minimal invasive way. New guidelines in obscure GI bleeding agreed that initial diagnostic imaging of the small bowel should be performed using capsule endoscopy. Ballon assisted enteroscopy, angiography and laparoscopy should be used as a follow-up procedure for targeted endoscopic treatment or for obtaining histopathological diagnosis.

Objective: To determine whether erradication of Helicobacter pylori (HP) infection from gastric mucosae is associated with changes in symptoms severity and satisfaction degree in patients with non-ulcer dyspepsia (NUD)., Methods: Prospective cohort study in patients with NUD and HP infection that were evaluated for six months following treatment, made up of 70 HP Negative patients in whom HP infection was erradicated, and 28 HP Positive patients in whom infection was not eradicated following treatment. Dyspeptic symptoms were assessed using SODA scale., Results: There was significant differences on decrease of pain (RR= 0.6, IC 90%: 0.47 -0.78) and non-pain symptoms intensity (RR= 0.5, IC 90%: 0.39 - 0.67), as well as on increase on degree of satisfaction (RR= 3.28, IC 90%: 2.86 - 3.75) among HP Negative patients group with regards to HP Positive patients at sixth month., Conclusions: In patients with nonulcer dyspepsia, erradication of HP infection is associated with decrease in symptoms intensity and increase on degree of satisfaction six month after treatment.

Introduction: The present study intends to validate the Rockall Score in patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGB) in our current medical setting and to find the value that best discriminates between patients with high or low risk of mortality, rebleeding and the need of more than two units of packed red blood cells (PRBC)., Materials and Methods: A descriptive prospective study was made from patients who arrived to Cayetano Heredia Hospital's emergency department between February 2007 and January 2008 due to UGB symptoms (hematemesis, coffe ground remit melena or hematoquezia). The Rockall score was used to determine severity of UGB and to stratify patients with higher risk of mortality or rebleeding. All patients were interviewed and any additional information was gathered from medical history records and emergency and hospitalization endoscopic procedure reports. During the study all patients were evaluated for rebleeding, the number of units of PRBCs needed and mortality rate., Results: 163 patients were included in our study, 107 (65.64%) were male and 56 (34.36%) female, 8 were excluded due to lack of an endoscopic procedure. The remaining 155 patients were studied to evaluate the discriminative ability of the scoring system, and to determine which value best distinguishes high and low severity patients using Receiver Operating Characteristic curve (ROC) and calculated area under the curve. The data analysis showed patients with a Rockall Score e 5 had an increased mortality rate compared to lower score with an area under the curve of 0.807, meaning an accurate relationship between mortality and a score e 5. For rebleeding and the need of two packed red blood cells for transfusion, the area under the curve were 0.65 and 0.64 respectively showing a low predictive value., Conclusion: The Rockall scoring system is useful to identify patients with high mortality risk, but not to predict rebleeding or the need for blood transfusion in our hospital.