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Copyright of Revista de Estudos da Linguagem is the property of Revista de Estudos da Linguagem and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista de Estudos da Linguagem is the property of Revista de Estudos da Linguagem and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Abstract: Global media have reported widely on the (in)actions of the Brazilian federal government, particularly of president Jair Bolsonaro, in dealing with the COVID-19 pandemic. This paper aims to describe media representations in terms of their transitivity choices (HALLIDAY; MATTHIESSEN, 2004) and to discuss how emerged language patterns may be indicative of particular ways life and death have been controlled in terms of a coupled conceptualization between biopolitics (FOUCAULT, 2008) and necropolitics (MBEMBE, 2019) which we call necrobiopolitics. Overall results indicate how the death of babies and mothers, the collapse of hospital and health service, the spike in hunger, the dismissal of the severity of the pandemic, and the purposeful delay in purchasing vaccines are instrumental in the way president Jair Bolsonaro has implemented a political agenda that defines whose lives are worthy and whose deaths are tolerated. Keywords: global media; COVID-19; Brazil; transitivity; necrobiopolitics. Resumo: A mídia global tem noticiado amplamente as (in)ações do governo federal brasileiro, em particular do presidente Jair Bolsonaro, no enfrentamento da pandemia de COVID-19. Este artigo objetiva descrever representações midiáticas em termos de suas escolhas de transitividade (HALLIDAY; MATTHIESSEN, 2004) e discutir como os padrões de linguagem emergentes podem ser indicativos de maneiras particulares de como a vida e a morte foram controladas em termos de uma conceituação combinada entre biopolítica (FOUCAULT, 2008) e necropolítica (MBEMBE, 2019) que chamamos de necrobiopolítica. Os resultados gerais indicam como a morte de bebês e de mães, o colapso da rede de hospitais e do serviço de saúde, o aumento da fome, a negação da gravidade da pandemia e o atraso proposital na compra de vacinas são fundamentais na forma como o presidente Jair Bolsonaro implementou uma agenda política que define quais vidas têm valor e quais mortes são toleradas. Palavras-chave: mídia global; COVID-19; Brasil; transitividade; necrobiopolítica.

Resumo: Este artigo tem o objetivo de analisar a presença de múltiplos cronotopos manifestados no depoimento de alunas de pós-graduação a respeito do processo da escrita de suas dissertações e tese. Com base na teoria bakhtiniana e guiado pela análise metalinguística (BAKHTIN, [1975] 2002; [1924] 2011; VOLOCHÍNOV, [1929] 2017), o trabalho evidencia três cronotopos que constituem e transformam a experiência de se escrever na pós-graduação. Esses apontamentos propõem a perspectiva de que há diversos fatores que colidem com essa atividade linguístico-discursiva, devendo-se tornar pauta conjunta à formação de novos pesquisadores. Palavras-chave: cronotopo; escrita acadêmica; pós-graduação. Abstract: This paper aims to analyze the presence of multiple chronotopes manifested in the testimony of graduate students about the writing process of their dissertations and theses. Based on Bakhtinian theory and guided by the metalinguistic analysis (BAKHTIN, [1975] 2002; [1924] 2011; VOLÓCHINOV, [1929] 2017), the work highlights three chronotopes that constitute and transform the experience of writing in graduate context. These notes propose the perspective that there are different factors that collide with this linguistic-discursive activity, which should become a joint agenda for the new researcher’s formation. Keywords: chronotope; academic writing; graduation school.

Resumo: O estado do Rio de Janeiro soma o maior número de civis mortos (negros, em sua maioria) durante incursões policiais nas favelas. Contra essa violência e em busca de justiça, os familiares das vítimas têm se engajado em movimentos sociais como a Rede de Comunidades e Movimentos contra a Violência. Este artigo estuda o que chamo de narrativas de engajamento veiculadas nas manifestações por esses familiares, especialmente as mães, objetivando compreender a importância da narrativa para a transformação do luto dessas mulheres em ação política. A metodologia engloba a perspectiva qualitativa-interpretativista de pesquisa, com observação participante. Os dados foram gerados nas manifestações organizadas pela Rede. A análise foi orientada pela compreensão da narrativa como prática discursivo-interacional que organiza a experiência humana e sugere a existência de uma espécie de “padrão” que organiza as narrativas de engajamento dos participantes da Rede. A análise ainda identifica dois mecanismos discursivos entrelaçados: i) a racionalização dos eventos que levaram à morte do filho por meio de sistemas de coerência; ii) um movimento espiral que relaciona os eventos de ordem micro e macro na narrativa. O artigo finaliza destacando as narrativas de engajamento enquanto ferramenta desse movimento social para reivindicar suas demandas na esfera pública e resistir ao racismo estrutural. Palavras-chave: narrativa; movimentos sociais, violência policial. Abstract: Rio de Janeiro is the state with the highest number of homicides due to police brutality (largely Black people). Faced with this situation and seeking justice, the victims’ mothers engage in social movements such as the Rede de Comunidades e Movimentos contra a Violência. This paper focuses on what I will refer to as the narratives of engagement of these family members, especially mothers. It aims to understand how important narratives are for these women in the process of transforming grief into political action. The methodology encompasses a qualitative-interpretative research approach with participant observation. The data was generated in the protests organized by the Rede. The analysis was guided by the notion of narrative as a discursive and interactional practice which organizes human experience. Such practice also serves as a tool for social movements to make demands of the state. The analysis suggests the existence of a pattern that organizes the narratives of engagement; it further identifies two discursive mechanisms that interact with each other: i) the rationalization of events leading to the death of their children by using coherence systems; ii) a spiral movement that relates microsocial and macrosocial events in the narrative. The article concludes by highlighting narratives of engagement as a tool for this social movement to raise its demands in the public sphere, as well as a way of resisting structural racism. Keywords: narrative; social movements; police violence.

Resumo: O objetivo deste artigo é propor uma descrição dos três processos de sândi vocálico externo no português vernacular de São Tomé (PST): a degeminação (DG), a elisão (EL) e a ditongação (DT). A partir de um corpus composto por 113 sentenças distintas que apresentavam o encontro vocálico em fronteira de palavra (V#V), analisamos a produção de seis informantes santomenses, totalizando 216 ocorrências por falante ou 1315 tokens totais. Com auxílio do Praat, inspecionamos os dados e mensuramos o encontro vocálico e, quando este era desfeito, a vogal resultante, de modo a detectarmos a implementação dos fenômenos. Esses, por sua vez, também foram analisados conforme diferentes fronteiras (palavra e frase fonológica; sintagma entoacional) e proeminências prosódicas (lexical e de palavra fonológica), além de serem considerados fatores segmentais como a qualidade vocálica dos segmentos-alvo. Constatamos que os três processos são produtivos no PST: 32% DG; 36% EL; 52.5% DT. Ademais, ocorrem em diferentes fronteiras prosódicas: palavra fonológica (ω + ω), frase fonológica (ϕ + ϕ), e, no caso da ditongação, entre sintagmas entoacionas (IP+IP) desde que sua fronteira não seja delimitada por pausa. Em relação ao acento, a proeminência da frase fonológica foi o fator preponderante para impedir os processos em evidência, bloqueando a degeminação, caso o acento da segunda vogal coincidisse com o acento da frase fonológica. Já para a elisão e para a ditongação, o bloqueio ocorreu quando as duas vogais portavam o acento da frase fonológica. Palavras-chave: Sândi; Fonologia; Português; Elisão; Degeminação; Ditongação. Abstract: The aim of this paper is to propose a description of three processes of external vowel sandhi in São Tomé vernacular Portuguese (PST): degemination (DG), elision (EL) and diphthongization (DT). All three processes are found in PST: 32% DG; 36% EL; 52.5% DT. Working with six Santomean informants, we analyzed a corpus of 113 sentences with vowel encounters in word boundaries (V#V). Then, we measured the duration of vowel encounters or the single resulting vowel when the encounter was undone. Factors such as the nature of the prosodic boundaries (phonological word, phonological phrase, and intonational phrase), prosodic stress (lexical and phonological word), and vowel quality are crucial to implementing sandhi processes. However, they occur in different prosodic settings: diphthongization occurs between intonation phrases (IP+IP) insofar their boundary is not limited by a pause. In contrast, elision and degemination occur in phonological word boundaries (ω + ω) and phonological phrase boundaries (ϕ + ϕ). The prominence of the phonological phrase was the preponderant factor in preventing all processes, blocking degemination whenever phonological phrase stress matches with a stressed second vowel. For elision and diphthongization, sandhi was blocked when two stressed vowels co-occurred with the stress of a phonological phrase. Keywords: External vowel sandhi; Phonology; Portuguese; Degemination; Elision; Diphthongization.

Copyright of Revista de Estudos da Linguagem is the property of Revista de Estudos da Linguagem and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista de Estudos da Linguagem is the property of Revista de Estudos da Linguagem and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista de Estudos da Linguagem is the property of Revista de Estudos da Linguagem and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista de Estudos da Linguagem is the property of Revista de Estudos da Linguagem and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista de Estudos da Linguagem is the property of Revista de Estudos da Linguagem and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista de Estudos da Linguagem is the property of Revista de Estudos da Linguagem and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista de Estudos da Linguagem is the property of Revista de Estudos da Linguagem and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista de Estudos da Linguagem is the property of Revista de Estudos da Linguagem and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista de Estudos da Linguagem is the property of Revista de Estudos da Linguagem and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista de Estudos da Linguagem is the property of Revista de Estudos da Linguagem and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista de Estudos da Linguagem is the property of Revista de Estudos da Linguagem and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista de Estudos da Linguagem is the property of Revista de Estudos da Linguagem and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista de Estudos da Linguagem is the property of Revista de Estudos da Linguagem and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista de Estudos da Linguagem is the property of Revista de Estudos da Linguagem and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista de Estudos da Linguagem is the property of Revista de Estudos da Linguagem and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista de Estudos da Linguagem is the property of Revista de Estudos da Linguagem and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista de Estudos da Linguagem is the property of Revista de Estudos da Linguagem and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista de Estudos da Linguagem is the property of Revista de Estudos da Linguagem and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista de Estudos da Linguagem is the property of Revista de Estudos da Linguagem and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista de Estudos da Linguagem is the property of Revista de Estudos da Linguagem and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Resumo: O presente artigo trata da posposição do indefinido “algum” em relação ao nome substantivo para instanciar a polaridade negativa no sintagma nominal na diacronia da língua portuguesa, buscando compreender: (i) a natureza da estrutura [N+algum] em textos portugueses do século XVI, XVII, XVIII e XIX, e em textos brasileiros do século XIX; e (ii) o processo de gramaticalização da estrutura como um Item de polaridade Negativa (IPN) na história da língua. Verificou-se que a estrutura [N+algum], com inversão, nos séculos XVI e XVII, Português Clássico (PCL), podia ser usada com valor não negativo e que outros elementos podiam ocorrer no interior do sintagma nominal, inclusive com a possibilidade da flexão e não adjacência entre o nome e o indefinido. Tais fatos corroboraram a hipótese de que no PCL a estrutura [N+algum] não estava gramaticalizada como um IPN e o valor negativo era valorado pela presença de um operador de negação sentencial, preposição ou conjunção negativa em domínio sintático superior. Conclui-se que o indefinido no PCL realiza o núcleo da categoria determinante (D) mesmo nas estruturas com inversão, sendo estas derivadas do movimento da parte lexical do sintagma à posição de especificador do sintagma determinante (DP, do inglês Determiner Phrase) fato que contempla as propriedades de categoria D de “algum” no PCL. Palavras-chave: sintagma nominal; indefinido “algum”; polaridade negativa. Abstract: The present paper deals with the posposition of the indefinite “algum” (some) in relation to the noun to instantiate the negative polarity in the nominal phrase in the Portuguese language diachrony, seeking to understand: (i) the nature of the structure [N+algum] in sixteenth-, seventeenth-, eighteenth- and nineteenth-century Portuguese texts, and in nineteenth-century Brazilian texts; and (ii) the process of grammaticalization of the structure as a Negative Polarity Item (IPN, in Portuguese Item de Polaridade Negativa) in the history of the language. It has been found that the structure [N+algum], with inversion, in the 16th and 17th centuries, Classical Portuguese (PCL, in Portuguese Português Clássico), could be used with non-negative value and that other elements could occur in a noun phrase (NP), including the possibility of inflection and non-adjacency between the noun and the indefinite. Such facts supported the hypothesis that in PCL the structure [N+algum] was not grammaticalized as an IPN and the negative value was valued by the presence of a sentential negation operator, preposition or negative conjunction in a higher syntactic domain. It has been concluded that the indefinite in PCL is a determiner (D) even in structures with inversion, these being derived from the movement of the lexical part of the phrase to the specifier position of Determiner Phrase (DP) a fact that contemplates the D properties of “algum” in PCL. Keywords: noun phrase; indefinite “algum”(“some”); negative polarity.

Abstract: In this paper, I claim that a parametric view on change in pro-drop does not contradict the fact that not all the Partial Null Subject (PNS) languages display identical properties. I show that the contingent nature of diachronic change is the reason for the slight differences between PNS languages. Modern Russian (MR) and Brazilian Portuguese (BP) are two PNS languages that developed from Consistent Null Subject antecessors (Old Russian and European Portuguese) independently from each other. I account for the change in pro-drop experienced by these two languages, analyzing the properties usually related to the null subject parameter (verbal inflection, clitics, null objects, embedded and arbitrary null subjects), and show that the final parametric setting in both MR and BP was almost identical, with small differences that can be attributed to the different initial conditions for the change. Keywords: Pro-drop; null subjects; null objects; clitics; Consistent Null Subject languages; Partial Null Subject languages; Brazilian Portuguese; European Portuguese; Modern Russian; Old Russian. Resumo: Neste artigo, afirmo que uma visão paramétrica sobre a mudança em pro-drop não está em conflito com o fato de que nem todas as línguas de sujeito nulo parcial (PNS) apresentam propriedades idênticas. Mostro que a natureza contingente da mudança diacrônica é a razão para as pequenas diferenças entre as línguas PNS. O russo moderno (MR) e o português brasileiro (BP) são duas línguas PNS que se desenvolveram a partir dos antecessores de sujeito nulo consistente (antigo russo e português europeu) independentemente uma da outra. Relato a mudança de pro-drop experimentada por essas duas línguas, analisando as propriedades geralmente relacionadas ao parâmetro de sujeito nulo (inflexão verbal, clíticos, objetos nulos, sujeitos nulos subordinados e arbitrários), e mostro que a configuração paramétrica final em ambas MR e BP foi quase idêntica, com pequenas diferenças que podem ser atribuídas às diferentes condições iniciais para a mudança. Palavras-chave: Pro-drop; sujeitos nulos; objetos nulos; clíticos; línguas de sujeito nulo consistente; línguas de sujeito nulo parcial; português brasileiro; português europeu; russo moderno; russo antigo.

Resumo: Neste trabalho, nosso objetivo é apresentar os resultados de nossas pesquisas sobre o objeto acusativo anafórico na variedade de espanhol de Madri e na variedade do português brasileiro de São Paulo, assim como sugerir uma análise teórica para essas construções a partir dos desenvolvimentos minimalistas (CHOMSKY, 1999, 2000, 2004). Analisamos entrevistas da variedade de espanhol de Madri (CESTERO MANCERA et al. 2014) e do português brasileiro (LIMA-HERNANDES; VICENTE, 2012). Como referencial teórico, aliamos as perspectivas biológica (CHOMSKY, 1981, 1986) e social de língua (LABOV, 2008; WEINREICH; LABOV; HERZOG, 2009). Observamos a atuação da referencialidade do antecedente, do traço de indefinitude do determinante, da ausência de determinante, da estrutura verbal e do aspecto lexical na possibilidade de elipses na variedade de espanhol de Madri. Em relação à variedade do português brasileiro de São Paulo, observamos objetos nulos quase categóricos e que os pronomes lexicais apresentam restrições na expressão de antecedentes menos referenciais. Esses resultados se assemelham aos de nossa pesquisa anterior (SIMÕES, 2015) e às variedades de espanhol do País Basco (LANDA, 1993) e de Quito (SUÑER; YÉPEZ, 1988). Palavras-chave: espanhol; português brasileiro; objeto acusativo anafórico, variação linguística; concordância de objeto. Abstract: In this paper, our aim is to present the results of our researchs about the anaphoric accusative object in the Spanish variety of Madrid and in the Brazilian Portuguese variety of São Paulo and to propose a theoretical analysis to these constructions based on minimalist developments (CHOMSKY, 1999, 2000, 2004). Interviews of the Spanish variety of Madrid (CESTERO MANCERA et al. 2014) and Brazilian Portuguese variety of São Paulo (LIMA-HERNANDES; VICENTE, 2012) were analysed. Regarding the theoretical approach, the biological (CHOMSKY, 1981, 1986) and social (LABOV, 2008; WEINREICH; LABOV; HERZOG, 2009) perspectives on language were combined. We observed the effect of the antecedent referenciality, of the determinant indefinite features, of the bare nouns, of the structure and lexical aspect of verbs on possibility of elipsis in the Spanish variety of Madrid. Concerning the Brazilian Portuguese variety of São Paulo, the null objects were almost categorical and the lexical pronoun presented restrictions to less referencial antecedents. These results ressemble the tendencies of our previous research (SIMÕES, 2015) and the Spanish varieties of País Vasco (LANDA, 1993) and Quito (SUÑER; YÉPEZ, 1988). Keywords: Spanish; Brazilian Portuguese; anaphoric accusative object; linguistic variation; object agreement.

Resumo: De acordo com Givón (2001) o léxico é um repositório de conceitos relativamente estáveis no tempo, compartilhados socialmente e bem codificados, além de ser organizado em forma de rede, onde conceitos similares estão agrupados próximos uns aos outros. Em viés similar, o lexicólogo Georges Matoré propõe que palavras estabelecem relações associativas entre si e define os conceitos de campos nocionais e palavras-testemunho, elementos em torno dos quais o léxico se organiza. Com o uso de técnicas computacionais como word embeddings, que permitem a representação de palavras como vetores em um espaço vetorial, é possível analisar palavras agrupadas pelos mesmos traços semânticos. Este trabalho se propõe investigar a viabilidade de tais métodos para análise de mudança semântica. Para isso, foram analisadas ocorrências das formas “deus”, “homem”, “mulher”, “pai”, “mae” e “terra” no corpus Tycho Brahe do português. Através do algoritmo Skip-gram foram gerados Word Embeddings, e, posteriormente, visualizações para a rede de relações semânticas de cada palavra em três diferentes recortes temporais. Através das visualizações foram observadas evidências da organização semântica do léxico, além de sua reorganização através do tempo. Palavras-chave: Linguística Computacional; Estudos Diacrônicos; Processamento de Língua Natural; Mudança Linguística; Vetorização de Palavras. Abstract: According to Givón (2001), the lexicon is a repository of concepts which are relatively stable in time, socially shared and well encoded. They are well organized in a network where similar concepts are grouped next to each other. On a similar note, the lexicographer Georges Matoré proposes associative relationships between words and defines the concepts of notional field and testimonial words, which are organizational elements of the lexicon. Using computational techniques such as Word Embeddings, which represent words as vectors in a vector space, it is possible to analyze groupings of words based on their semantic features. This paper aims to explore the viability of such methods in semantic change. The occurrences of the word forms “deus”, “homem”, “mulher”, “pai”, “mae” and “terra” were analyzed in the Tycho Brahe corpus for Portuguese. Word Embeddings were created using the Skip-gram algorithm, and visualizations for a semantic feature network were created for each word in three different time slices. Evidence of the semantic organization of the lexicon and its reorganization was observed through the generated visualizations. Keywords: Computational Linguistics; Diachronic Studies; Natural Language Processing; Linguistic Change; Word Embeddings.

Resumo: Assumindo-se as premissas teórico-metodológicas da abordagem construcional, que define a língua como sistema adaptativo complexo e organizada em redes de construções, as quais, ligadas via elos verticais e horizontais, se unem por traços de forma e de significado, constituindo famílias (BYBEE, 2016; DIESSEL, 2019; GOLDBERG 1995; 2006; 2019; SOMMERER, 2020; TRAUGOTT; TROUSDALE, 2021; inter alia); investiga-se, neste trabalho, em perspectiva diacrônica, a gênese e o desenvolvimento da família construcional de aspecto final no português, a partir do estudo de três microconstruções: [deixar+de+Vinf.], [parar+de+Vinf.] e [largar+de+Vinf.]. Para tanto, empregam-se os métodos quantitativo e qualitativo na análise de dados recolhidos do Corpus do Português (DAVIES; FERREIRA, 2006; 2016) entre os séculos XIII e XXI; ademais, a fim de averiguar a extensibilidade dos pareamentos nas redes, arrola-se, como parâmetro, a apuração dos tipos semântico-pragmáticos de verbos sancionados no slot de Vinf. . Os resultados obtidos atestam que a formação do grupo aspectual final tem origem na família transitiva, cuja semântica denota o afastamento entre os participantes da predicação. Membro dessa família, a microconstrução conteudística com deixar tem seu slot de objeto neoanalisado, promovendo a emergência do pareamento [deixar+de+Vinf.], que, pelo mecanismo de ativação expandida, se torna membro da família aspectual na rede auxiliar. Posteriormente, surgem, via analogização, as microconstruções [parar+de+Vinf.] e [largar+de+Vinf.], que, compartilhando similaridades, também se consolidam nesse agrupamento procedural. Portanto, esta investigação ratifica a importância de se aliar trajetórias diacrônicas e processos cognitivos na explicação de como redes multiformes se conectam e promovem a (re) configuração de famílias construcionais. Palavras-chave: família construcional; aspecto final; diacronia. Abstract: Founded on the theoretical and methodological premises of the constructional approach, which defines language as a complex adaptative system, organized in networks of constructions that, linked by vertical and horizontal links and united by form and meaning traces, constitute families (BYBEE, 2016; DIESSEL, 2019; GOLDBERG 1995; 2006; 2019; SOMMERER, 2020; TRAUGOTT; TROUSDALE, 2021; inter alia); this paper investigates, in diachronic perspective, the genesis and the development of the egressive aspectual constructional family in Portuguese, through three microconstructions’ analysis: [deixar+de+Vinf.], [parar+de+Vinf.] e [largar+de+Vinf.]. Thus, quantitative and qualitative methods are used in the examination of the data collected from Corpus do Português (DAVIES; FERREIRA, 2006; 2016) between 13th and 21st centuries; moreover, in order to verify the extensibility of the pairings in the network, checking the semantic-pragmatic verb types, sanctioned in the Vinf. slot, is listed as a parameter. The results demonstrates that the egressive aspectual group formation originates in the transitive family, whose semantics indicates the distance among the participants in the predication. Member of this family, the contentful microconstruction with deixar has its object slot neoanalyzed, giving rise to [deixar+de+Vinf.] pairing, which, by the spreading activation mechanism, becomes a member of the egressive aspectual family in the auxiliarity network. Subsequently, the [parar+de+Vinf.] e [largar+de+Vinf.] microconstructions emerge by analogization, and, since their sharing similarities, they also consolidate in this procedural group. Therefore, this investigation confirms the importance of associating diachronic trajectories and cognitive processes in explaining how multiform networks link and promote the constructional families’ (re) configuration. Keywords: constructional family; egressive aspect; diachrony.

Resumo: Este trabalho investiga os processos diacrônicos de constituição de duas perífrases conjuncionais concessivas do português, bem que e se bem que. Com respaldo teórico da Gramaticalização, sobretudo Traugott e Dasher (2002), Heine e Kuteva (2007), Bybee (2010), e de alguns pressupostos de teorias pragmáticas sobre concessividade, conforme Anscombre (1980), Ducrot (1984), Moeschler e Spengler (1982), Rossari (2014), a questão maior está na compreensão do elo entre a semântica da fonte adverbial, os processos inferenciais instigados contextualmente e o tipo de significado concessivo. As análises são baseadas em uma amostra diacrônica que reúne textos do português antigo ao moderno e em uma metodologia norteada pelos padrões polissêmicos das construções com suas respectivas propriedades distribucionais. Os resultados fornecem evidências de que, embora se trate de dois fenômenos de mudança que emergem em diferentes estados de língua e em contextos distintos, ambos têm na fonte o advérbio bem, na função de afirmação enfática, e ambos se especializam na expressão de relações concessivas restritivas. Os dados duplamente compatíveis com as interpretações fonte e alvo indiciam processos graduais da pragmática à semântica, nos quais as noções de polifonia e hierarquia argumentativa são importantes. Palavras-chave: junção; concessividade; gramaticalização; diacronia. Abstract: This paper investigates the diachronic establishment process of two concessive conjunctional periphrases in Portuguese, bem que and se bem que. With theoretical support from Grammaticalization, in particular Traugott and Dasher (2002), Heine and Kuteva (2007), Bybee (2010), and some assumptions from pragmatic theories about concessivity, according to Anscombre (1980), Ducrot (1984), Moeschler and Spengler (1982), Rossari (2014), the main issue is about understanding the link between the semantics of the adverbial source, the contextually induced inferential processes and the type of concessive meaning. The analyses are based on a diachronic sample featuring texts from ancient to modern Portuguese, and on a methodology guided by the the constructions’ polysemic standards with their corresponding distributional properties. The results provide evidence that, despite being two change phenomena which arise in different states of language and distinct contexts, both have the adverb bem at their source, in the role of emphatic affirmation, and both specialize in expressing restrictive concessive relations. The data doubly compatible with source and target interpretations evidences gradual processes from pragmatic towards semantics, in which the concepts of polyphony and argumentative hierarchy are of importance. Keywords: junction; concessivity; grammaticalization; diachrony.

Resumo: Neste trabalho, analisamos as figuras de retórica que equipam a argumentação de seis candidatos à presidência da república no contexto dos debates pré-eleitorais da corrida presidencial de 2018. Partimos da hipótese de que as figuras (ornatos, em latim) não são somente enfeites da linguagem, mas verdadeiros equipamentos de persuasão. Elaboramos, para este fim, três perguntas de pesquisa: a) como as figuras equipam a linguagem? b) de que forma as figuras podem construir a persuasão no discurso ndeliberativo político? c) como as figuras integram tipos de argumentos para equipá-los? Fundamentamos nossa pesquisa nos domínios da retórica, da argumentação e do discurso, particularmente nas obras de Aristóteles (2013), Barthes (2001), Perelman e Tyteca (2014), Fiorin (2020), Plantin (2008), Amossy (2020), Abreu (2009), Ferreira (2015) e Courtine (1990). Metodologicamente, a pesquisa possui caráter bibliográfico-documental, de natureza descritiva e explicativa. Nosso corpus é composto por recortes dos discursos dos seis candidatos à república no debate pré-eleitoral televisionado da RedeTV, realizado em 17 de agosto de 2018 e disponível no canal da emissora na plataforma de compartilhamento de vídeos Youtube. No que se refere aos resultados, demonstramos que a presença de determinadas figuras de retórica – como a metáfora, a metonímia, a personificação, a comparação, etc. – contribuíram para a intensificação da argumentação desses candidatos, aumentando a eficácia dos argumentos e, consequentemente, contribuindo para a adesão dos espíritos. Palavras-chave: retórica; argumentação; debate; persuasão; polêmica. Abstract: In this paper, we analyze the rhetorical figures that equip the arguments of six candidates for the presidency of the republic in the context of the pre-electoral debates of the 2018 presidential race. We assume that figures are not only ornaments of language, but real persuasion equipment. For this purpose, we developed three research questions: a) how do figures equip language? b) how can figures build persuasion in deliberative political discourse? c) how do figures integrate argument types to equip them? We base our research in the domains of rhetoric, argumentation and discourse, particularly in the works of Aristotle (2013), Barthes (2001), Perelman and Tyteca (2014), Fiorin (2020), Plantin (2008), Amossy (2020), Abreu (2009), Ferreira (2015) and Courtine (1990). Methodologically, the research has a bibliographic-documental character, of a descriptive and explanatory nature. Our corpus is composed of excerpts from the speeches of the six candidates for the republic in the televised pre-election debate on RedeTV, held on August 17, 2018 and available on the video sharing platform Youtube. With regard to the results, we demonstrate that the presence of certain figures of rhetoric - such as metaphor, metonymy, personification, comparison, etc. - contributed to the intensification of the arguments of these candidates, increasing the effectiveness of the arguments and, consequently, contributing to the adhesion of spirits. Keywords: rhetoric; argumentation; debate; persuasion; controversy.

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Copyright of Revista de Estudos da Linguagem is the property of Revista de Estudos da Linguagem and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista de Estudos da Linguagem is the property of Revista de Estudos da Linguagem and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista de Estudos da Linguagem is the property of Revista de Estudos da Linguagem and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista de Estudos da Linguagem is the property of Revista de Estudos da Linguagem and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista de Estudos da Linguagem is the property of Revista de Estudos da Linguagem and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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Copyright of Revista de Estudos da Linguagem is the property of Revista de Estudos da Linguagem and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)