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O trabalho avalia o uso de técnicas agroecológicas pela produção familiar na região centro-sul do Estado do Paraná. Utiliza-se a metodologia de diagnóstico rápido dos sistemas agrários, tendo como referência trabalho desenvolvido na região pela AS-PTA, ONG que visa o desenvolvimento de agricultores familiares a partir do fomento de tecnologias agroecológicas. Após caracterização dos sistemas de produção dos agricultores pesquisados e do ambiente social que os cerca, finaliza-se com uma avaliação dos indicadores econômicos. Verifica-se uma relação entre o grau de capitalização dos agricultores e a adoção de práticas agroecológicas, a qual aumenta à medida que se reduz o grau de capitalização, sendo menor o risco econômico da atividade agrícola dos agricultores com maior índice de adoção. Conclui-se que há um potencial positivo da utilização da agroecologia como instrumento para o desenvolvimento sustentável de agricultores familiares, realçando-se a importância do apoio do poder público na dinamização deste processo.The paper analyzes the adoption of agro-ecological techniques by a group of small family farmers in a region of the State of Paraná. The sample of the farmers to be interviewed was obtained by applying a methodology of fast rural assessment and relied on the work of a non governmental organization (AS-PTA) that has the major responsible for the technological change in the region. A typology of producers and agrarian systems was obtained, which made it possible to evaluate the technological trajectories followed. A negative correlation was observed between the capitalization level of the farm unity and the adoption of agro-ecological techniques, suggesting that the latter are being introduced as a low risk strategy to improve the production conditions within a context of labor abundance and capital scarcity. The paper concludes that it is worth to support those farmers in their decision through more focused public policies (credit and scientific research).

A aplicação de prospectiva para cadeias produtivas engloba várias etapas como a segmentação de cada elo, a análise do ambiente institucional e organizacional que envolve a cadeia, a identificação das necessidades e aspirações de cada segmento da cadeia e dos fatores críticos para a melhoria do desempenho. Desta forma, considerando a importância econômica da produção, industrialização e comercialização do capim-limão, Cymbopogon citratus (D.C.) Stapf, e visando uma ação integrada do setor agrícola envolvido, este trabalho propõe o estudo prospectivo da cadeia produtiva desta espécie no estado do Paraná, identificando também fatores e condicionantes de qualidade em cada segmento desta cadeia. Para isto, o presente estudo apresenta o panorama da produção agroindustrial e da comunidade produtora agrícola paranaense de capim-limão; identifica e caracteriza os outros segmentos que integram a respectiva cadeia produtiva no Paraná e, por fim, identifica e analisa os principais gargalos, elos faltantes e pontos de estrangulamento. Evidenciaram-se como principais componentes da cadeia produtiva: a unidade produtiva, a agroindústria, a indústria (alimentícia, farmacêutica e química) e o mercado consumidor interno (atacadista e varejista) e externo. Com esse estudo prospectivo, espera-se contribuir para a implementação de medidas político-organizacionais, entre os agentes econômicos dos setores público e privado, que fazem parte da cadeia produtiva do capim-limão, possibilitando-lhes desenvolver estratégias que aumentem a competitividade e conduzam à expansão do mercado.The application of a prospective study to productive chains incorporates several stages like the segmentation of each link, the analysis of institutional and organizational environments to include the chain, the identification of necessities and aspirations of each chain segment and the critical factors for the improvement of performance. Thus, regarding the economic importance of production, industrialization and trading of lemon grass, Cymbopogon citratus (D.C.) Stapf and aiming at an integrated action of the agricultural sector involved, this paper proposes the prospective study of production chain of this species in Paraná State, identifying factors and conditioning of quality in each link of production chain. Thus the paper presents a view of: the lemon grass agricultural production in Paraná and its agricultural production community in Paraná; identifying and characterizing other segments of production chain of this species in Paraná and finally identifying and analyzing main bottlenecks, absent links and narrows points in the chain segments in the State. The following were identified as major components of the production chain: production unit, the agro-industry, the industry (nutrition, pharmaceutical and chemical) and the inside consumer market (wholesale and retail); thus, cooperating with implementation of political-organizational attitudes among economic agents of public and private sectors involved in the lemon grass production chain, enabling them to develop strategies that increase the competitiveness and expand the market.

Este artigo delimita e caracteriza o 'setor' cooperativa na economia do Paraná e desagrega o setor Agropecuária e os setores componentes da Indústria Alimentar das matrizes de insumo-produto, construídas para o Estado para os anos de 1980 e 1985, em Cooperativa e não-Cooperativa. O objetivo da pesquisa é caracterizar, de forma sistêmica, o perfil das relações intersetoriais, detectar os setores-chave e verificar a evolução da estrutura produtiva paranaense, destacando o(s) setor(es) relacionados às Cooperativas. A análise é realizada considerando 40 setores. As principais conclusões mostram que: os setores Celulose, Papel e Gráfica e Indústria Têxtil foram chave em 1980 e 1985, portanto, setores dinâmicos e importantes para o crescimento da economia estadual; a estrutura produtiva paranaense mostrou-se mais diversificada de 1980 para 1985, revelando conseqüente incremento da complexidade econômica; os coeficientes técnicos das cooperativas agropecuárias apresentaram-se muito similares aos das empresas não-cooperativas, evidenciando que aquelas estão acompanhando, de perto, a evolução tecnológica ocorrida nas não-cooperativas que atuam nos setores Agropecuária e na Indústria Alimentar.This paper delimits and characterizes the cooperative sector in Parana economy and breaks down the agricultural sectors and the components of food processing industries of input-output tables, built for State for the years of 1980 and 1985, in Cooperative and non-Cooperative sectors. The goal is to characterize, in systemic order, the intersectorial relations outline, detect the key- sectors and verify the evolution of the productive structure in Parana, highlighting the sectors related to Cooperatives. The analysis is made for 40 sectors. The main conclusions showed that: Paper Prod. & Printing and Textiles sectors were key-sectors in 1980 and 1985, therefore, dynamic and important sectors for the State's economic growth; the productive structure of Parana proved to be more diversified from 1980 to 1985, showing consequent increase of economic complexity; the agricultural cooperatives technical coefficient were very similar to the non-cooperatives, showing that the first are closely following the technological evolution occurred in the non-cooperatives that act in Agricultural sector and food processing industries.

Copyright of Revista de Economia e Sociologia Rural is the property of Sociedade Brasileira de Economia e Sociologia Rural and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

No presente trabalho, analisou-se a rentabilidade econômica dos reflorestamentos com essências nativas brasileiras destinados à produção de toras, considerando como caso em estudo o Estado de São Paulo. Na revisão de literatura, constatou-se que poucos são os trabalhos publicados a respeito do reflorestamento com essências nativas e com um longo período de observação. Dentre esses trabalhos, destacou-se um, no qual os autores recomendaram três espécies florestais como viáveis para reflorestamentos comerciais: Centrolobium tomentosum (araruva), Balfourodendron riedelianum (pau-marfim) e Araucaria angustifolia (pinheiro-brasileiro). Após recuperar as informações técnicas dos experimentos com essas essências nativas, realizou-se a análise de rentabilidade econômica de possíveis projetos, em condições deterministas e de risco. Concluiu-se que, do ponto de vista privado, os projetos de reflorestamento com essas essências nativas são viáveis economicamente. Diante desse cenário, sugerem-se novas linhas de pesquisa técnica capazes de gerar resultados que assegurem maior confiabilidade e ampliação na rentabilidade dos projetos de reflorestamento com essências nativas brasileiras.This paper analyzes the economic profitability of native-tree reforestation for the production of sawlogs. The projects evaluated are experimental rather than commercial and are located in the Brazilian state of São Paulo. These experimental plots were reforested with the native tree species Centrolobium tomentosum ("araruva"), Balforodendron riedelianum ("pau-marfim") and Araucaria angustifolia ("pinheiro-brasileiro"), recommended for their economic value by a previous evaluation of long-term native-tree reforestation. Economic profitability analyses were made under both deterministic and risk conditions using data from the reforestation experiments. It was found that all the experiments would be profitable. This paper concludes with the suggestion that new research needs to be conducted to improve the genetic material used for reforestation, as superior stock would increase productivity and promote consistent economic profitability.

Copyright of Revista de Economia e Sociologia Rural is the property of Sociedade Brasileira de Economia e Sociologia Rural and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista de Economia e Sociologia Rural is the property of Sociedade Brasileira de Economia e Sociologia Rural and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista de Economia e Sociologia Rural is the property of Sociedade Brasileira de Economia e Sociologia Rural and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista de Economia e Sociologia Rural is the property of Sociedade Brasileira de Economia e Sociologia Rural and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista de Economia e Sociologia Rural is the property of Sociedade Brasileira de Economia e Sociologia Rural and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista de Economia e Sociologia Rural is the property of Sociedade Brasileira de Economia e Sociologia Rural and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Abstract: Given the relevance of corn for food and fuel industries, analysts and scholars are constantly comparing the forecasting accuracy of econometric models. These exercises test not only for the use of new approaches and methods, but also for the addition of fundamental variables linked to the corn market. This paper compares the accuracy of different usual models in financial macro-econometric literature for the period between 1995 and 2017. The main contribution lies in the use of transition regime models, which accommodate structural breaks and perform better for corn price forecasting. The results point out that the best models as those which consider not only the corn market structure, or macroeconomic and financial fundamentals, but also the non-linear trend and transition regimes, such as threshold autoregressive models.

Abstract This paper analyzed the relationship between Bolsa Família Program (BFP) and labor supply of women in rural areas from Brazil, using the Propensity Score Matching (with the nearest-neighbor, kernel, and IPW criteria), Ordinary Least Squares on the treatment (beneficiaries), and control (non-beneficiaries) groups with the robustness analysis proposed by Oster (2015). The results showed that the BFP has an opposite effect to the one pronounced in the critiques of the program, the beneficiaries did not have more or fewer work hours than the non-beneficiaries, this fact can be explained by the value of the benefit not being able to meet the expenses of the household. From these results, we can conclude that both tests reinforce the importance of continuing the investigation of the effects on female labor supply in the rural environment in the light of different guidelines.

Abstract This paper analyzes the employment and income dynamics of rural families in Brazil's North Region, the main representative of the Brazilian Amazon. We use information from the National Household Sample Survey between 2004 and 2015 to create a typology of families based on the members' occupation in agricultural and non-agricultural activities. We hypothesize that the recent increase in employment and income was strongly associated with non-agricultural activities, reproducing the dynamics observed in other developing countries and Brazil's more developed regions. The results highlight that, differently from the rural exodus observed in the other regions of the country, the number of rural households increased in the North Region, attracted by the expanding non-agricultural occupations. As a result, the importance of earnings from non-agricultural activities and non-labor (pensions, cash transfers, among others) to family income has increased considerably, especially among self-employed family farmers. The final discussion highlights the relevance of non-agricultural activities for public policies to increase income in less developed rural areas.

Copyright of Revista de Economia e Sociologia Rural is the property of Sociedade Brasileira de Economia e Sociologia Rural and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista de Economia e Sociologia Rural is the property of Sociedade Brasileira de Economia e Sociologia Rural and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista de Economia e Sociologia Rural is the property of Sociedade Brasileira de Economia e Sociologia Rural and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista de Economia e Sociologia Rural is the property of Sociedade Brasileira de Economia e Sociologia Rural and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista de Economia e Sociologia Rural is the property of Sociedade Brasileira de Economia e Sociologia Rural and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista de Economia e Sociologia Rural is the property of Sociedade Brasileira de Economia e Sociologia Rural and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista de Economia e Sociologia Rural is the property of Sociedade Brasileira de Economia e Sociologia Rural and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista de Economia e Sociologia Rural is the property of Sociedade Brasileira de Economia e Sociologia Rural and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Abstract: The introduction of GMO technology into global market chains and the rejection by consumers in some markets have led to the reorganization of soybean trades. Brazil has adopted the technology later than other countries and specialized in supplying non-GMO soybean between 1996 and 2005. On the other hand, the United States and Argentina, which adopted the technology in 1996, exported to countries with less social aversion to the GM-technology. The aim of this paper is to investigate the relation between changes in global market chains (price, source and destination and market shares) and GMO technology adoption, focusing on evidences for price premiums for non-GM soybeans produced in Brazil, by the analysis of the trade unit values (TUV). In order to do so, we employ multivariate methods (Principal Components and Hierarchical Cluster analyses) and estimate a Random Effect model based on a bilateral trade dataset covering the years from 1986 to 2010. Results show that GM-technology adoption significantly changed trade patterns. However, premiums were paid for Brazilian soybean only in niche markets, where the market share is lower.

Since 2008 Portugal began to be influenced by a financial crisis, public budget troubles and an economic crisis. In line with the new economic paradigm within the EU, is publicly acknowledged that the overcoming of this crisis should be based on the production of transactional goods, where the agricultural sector deserves a special attention. The objective of this paper is to analyze the economic role of the Portuguese agricultural marketing cooperatives, including an overview of the Portuguese agricultural sector, the typology of Portuguese cooperatives and position in the agro food chain, the institutional environment, internal governance and performance of the agricultural cooperatives.

Although Portugal registers a large number of protected brand names, its economic turnover is very low when compared to the other southern EU-Member States. To identify and analyze the main reasons of this weak economic significance of the Portuguese quality traditional agrifood products are the main goals of this paper. The main conclusions from the data gathered in step one of the research, which main goal was to understand the main reasons why agricultural firms do not adhere to the PDO/PGI food systems, are related with several issues, namely: the economic and transactions costs of certification, the heavy bureaucracy related to the certification process, the small difference in prices between PDO/PGI products and standard products, within the same reference market, and the preferences of Portuguese consumers. According to the respondents, Portuguese consumers do not know nor socially valorize PDO/PGI products, and privilege (i) traditional/local standard products, instead of PDO/PGI products, and (ii) proximity marketed relationships. These latter findings contribute to highlight, not only why the interviewed firms do not adhere to the PDO/PGI systems, but also why the Portuguese PDO/PGI domestic market is narrow when compared with the ones of southern EU-Member States.

The unfavoured Portuguese regions have a level of life and economic growth rates lower than favoured regions, and the mean of European Union and hence have less entrepreneurial activities. The adoption of strategies of sustainable development driven by entrepreneurship phenomena could be a viable solution. Thus, the likely relationships between entrepreneurship and regional features were described, and sources of entrepreneurship opportunities for strategies based on the own regional resources and competitive advantages were identified. The paper concludes that, for the Alentejo region, some habitat variables should be reinforced for promoting entrepreneurship and sustainable development, and the main opportunities are related to the economic activities that belong to the regional productive profile of specialization.

This paper aims to analyze the cooperation and learning processes in the local system of vitiviniculture production of Serra Gaúcha's region (Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil), in order to characterize the dynamics of innovation of the firms located there. In methodological terms, a non-probabilistic exploratory study has been conducted. Field research in 20 wineries as well as interviews with related organizations were carried out in order to understand which learning mechanisms support innovative strategies adopted by enterprises. Since learning processes are also the result of local interactions, it was necessary to understand whether these interactions produced cooperative links. The results showed that innovations made by the firms were basically incremental. To do so, they use their intrinsic learning processes as well as external agents. These agents can be located in the region or elsewhere. The geographical proximity becomes more relevant for smaller firms. It was still possible to perceive the existence of cooperation in both vertical and horizontal level. Most frequent actions of vertical cooperation occur especially between firms and their suppliers. When horizontal cooperation occurs between enterprises, it takes place particularly in international trading.

Abstract: This paper aims to develop new methodology for the Brazilian beef and dairy sectors incorporating different levels of productivities in the Brazilian Land Use Model (BLUM), analyzing land use dynamics. Several datasets combinations were used and supply and demand equations were re-estimated. Historical database developed in this paper shows that the livestock sector increased productivity levels per hectare (in both beef and dairy sectors), being an important land releaser for other agricultural uses. Even in frontier regions, the occupation process was followed by productivity increase. When technologies were implemented in BLUM, results show that there were significant differences on land use in 2030, reducing land for pasture compared to BLUM previous version. In this sense, the study concludes that: using average productivity levels on modeling can overestimate pastureland; migration between technologies (lower to higher levels) will continue in the future; and, finally, market and agents' behavior changes might be incorporated in land use economic models, so they can reproduce empirical evidences.

Abstract: The Brazilian Forest Code restricts landowners’ uses of the land. Changes in property rights are therefore the core element of the program. In this paper the new institutional literature on property rights is used to analyze the main difficulties involved in such a re-specification of rights. Four concepts from this literature are described and applied to better understand the issues that have hindered the program in the past and that affect the current version of the program initiated in 2012: (i) property rights as a ‘bundle of rights’, (ii) evolution of property rights, (iii) path dependence; and Ostrom’s 8 design principles. The paper argues that the key issue for the Forest Code is the level of uncertainty of the gap between the de jure and de facto specification of property rights.

Copyright of Revista de Economia e Sociologia Rural is the property of Sociedade Brasileira de Economia e Sociologia Rural and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista de Economia e Sociologia Rural is the property of Sociedade Brasileira de Economia e Sociologia Rural and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista de Economia e Sociologia Rural is the property of Sociedade Brasileira de Economia e Sociologia Rural and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista de Economia e Sociologia Rural is the property of Sociedade Brasileira de Economia e Sociologia Rural and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

O objetivo do artigo é analisar a emergência do problema do trabalho infantil no cultivo de tabaco em Agudo, desencadeado pela promulgação do Decreto n. 6.481/2008, que trata das piores formas de trabalho infantil. Os procedimentos metodológicos utilizados foram a revisão bibliográfica, pesquisa documental e um estudo de caso, realizado no município de Agudo, Rio Grande do Sul. No estudo de caso, procurou-se obter dados quantitativos e qualitativos, por meio de questionários e entrevistas abertas, dirigidos para 27 agricultores familiares fumicultores, com filhos com menos de 18 anos de idade. Os resultados da pesquisa indicam a existência de um confronto entre diferentes concepções sobre o trabalho da criança no âmbito da agricultura familiar. Os dispositivos legais, os termos de compromissos e os contratos de integração na cadeia produtiva do fumo proíbem o trabalho de menores de 18 anos, fundamentando-se nos princípios internacionais da garantia do pleno desenvolvimento das crianças. Na perspectiva das famílias, o trabalho das crianças é entendido como "ajuda", forma de socialização e formação dos herdeiros. Portanto, os pais não concordam que se trata de uma forma perversa de exploração do trabalho dos próprios filhos.The aim of this paper is to analyze the emergence of the child labor problem in tobacco growing in Agudo (Rio Grande do Sul state), triggered by the promulgation of Act 6.481/2008, which addresses the worst child labor conditions. The methodological procedures used were the literature review, desk research and a case study, conducted in the municipality of Agudo. In the case study, we have tried to obtain quantitative and qualitative data through questionnaires and open interviews directed to 27 tobacco growers, and with teenagers and children under 18 years old. The survey results indicate the existence of a clash between different conceptions of child labor in small scale family farmers. The legal devices, the commitment terms and the tobacco supply chain contracts forbid child labor below the age of 18 based on international agreements and regulations which guarantee childhood development. From the perspective of the families, child labor is understood as "help" and a way of socialization and training of the inheritor. Therefore, parents do not agree that child labor is a perverse form of labor exploitation of their children.

O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar a performance da execução orçamentária do financiamento da política territorial, tomando-se como base o Programa de Desenvolvimento Sustentável dos Territórios Rurais (Pronat) e o Programa Territórios da Cidadania (PTC). Para tal exame foram entrevistados atores estratégicos destes programas e sistematizados os dados relacionados ao desempenho da política até 2009, analisando-se a composição dos recursos que viabilizam a mesma e as questões que facultam ou obstaculizam o fluxo de recursos necessários ao financiamento de despesas de custeio e investimento nas diferentes subfunções que compõem os programas. Os resultados deste trabalho mostram a complexidade e, ao mesmo tempo, as inovações que o arranjo institucional das políticas em escala territorial traz para a cena orçamentária, seja no que tange ao levantamento e lastreamento de fontes dos recursos alocados, seja no que se refere à forma de aplicação desses recursos segundo áreas geográficas e linhas programáticas de ação.The aim of this paper is to present the budget execution performance of the financing of territorial policy referring to the Sustainable Development Program of Rural Areas (Pronat) and Territories of Citizenship Program (PTC). To perform this study actors' strategic programs were interviewed and data on the performance of politics until 2009 were systematized. We analyzed the composition of resources that allow it, as well as issues that will enable or hinder the flow of resources required to finance operating expenses and investment in different subfunctions that compose programs. Results of this study show the complexity and, at the same time, innovations that institutional policies at territorial level budget brings to the scene, whether regarding lifting and ballasting sources of allocated resources, whether regarding the form of application of these resources according to geographical areas and lines of programmatic action.

O crédito é um instrumento que fornece aos empreendedores os meios para desempenhar um papel ativo na economia. O presente trabalho tem o objetivo de analisar os impactos econômicos do crédito rural na microrregião de Pirapora, sendo esta uma das sete microrregiões do norte de Minas Gerais. Os impactos das operações de crédito rural em relação ao PIB Total per capita e aos PIBs setoriais per capita foram identificados e analisados, além do seu possível efeito sobre o índice Mineiro de Responsabilidade Social (IMRS). Para tanto, foi utilizada a metodologia de dados em painel, considerando-se o período de 2000 a 2004. Foi possível perceber os impactos positivos do crédito rural sobre as atividades econômicas do setor agropecuário, principal beneficiado pelo crédito rural. Dado que o crédito rural proporciona liquidez na economia local, foi possível observar, ainda, os efeitos do crédito rural sobre outros setores. Os resultados indicam possível restrição no acesso ao crédito, ao serem verificados os efeitos diretos do crédito rural sobre o IMRS.Credit is an instrument that supplies the entrepreneurs ways to play an active role in the economy. The objective of this paper is to analyze the economic impacts of the rural credit in the microregion of Pirapora, one of the seven microregions in the north of Minas Gerais State, Brazil. The impacts of rural credit regarding the total and by sector GDP per capita are measured and analyzed. In addition, the possible effects of rural credit on the índice Mineiro de Responsabilidade Social (IMRS - Minas Gerais State Social Responsibility Index) are identified. The panel data model is used, considering the period from 2000 to 2004. Results indicate that the agricultural sector is the main beneficiary of rural credit. Since the rural credit provides liquidity in the local economy, the effects of rural credit on other sectors are observed. A possible restriction on credit access is observed, when the direct effects of rural credit on the IMRS are measured.

O presente estudo faz uma revisão crítica da literatura sobre a mudança tecnológica na agricultura e uma breve descrição da abordagem alternativa do crescimento agrícola. Na literatura tradicional, apresentam-se a difusão tecnológica, o dualismo produtivo e a inovação induzida. Na visão dinâmica, mostra-se a abordagem alternativa do crescimento agrícola, bem como a importância das inovações e da capacidade de absorção de conhecimentos. A grande limitação dos estudos tradicionais, ao abordarem o crescimento agrícola, é a ausência de explicações da busca tecnológica e do processo de aprendizado. A compreensão do setor agrícola deve identificar que nem todo o desenvolvimento tecnológico e geração de novos conhecimentos estão cristalizados nos insumos produtivos. A agricultura não funciona por meio de agentes receptores passivos de tecnologias. O processo de inovação na agricultura é estruturado dentro de complexos arranjos produtivos e de instituições (públicas e privadas) promotoras do conhecimento. Os investimentos e as atividades de experimentação são exercidos dentro da unidade produtiva, gerando maior estoque de conhecimento e ampla capacidade de absorção, além de estimular a apropriação privada dos ganhos produtivos.This paper presents a critical review on the literature related to technological change in agriculture, and makes a brief description of the alternative approach for agricultural growth. In the traditional literature, technological diffusion, productive dualism and induced innovation are studied. In the dynamic view, the alternative approach of agricultural growth is discussed together with the importance of innovation process and the ability to explore external knowledge. The major limitation of traditional thinking about agricultural growth is the absence of explanations on innovation and learning process. The agricultural sector must recognize that not all technological development and new knowledge come with the acquisition of inputs. Agriculture does not cater to the means of agents who will simply be the receptors of technology. The innovation process within agriculture is organized through complex, production systems, as well as institutions, both private and public, which promote knowledge. Investments and experimentation activities occur within the unit of production, thus creating a wider knowledge stock and a larger absorptive capacity, in addition to fostering the private appropriation of productive gains.

Um dos principais reflexos do período pós-desregulamentação do setor sucroalcooleiro foi a criação de grupos de comercialização de etanol, uma estratégia das usinas para se defender do poder de barganha das distribuidoras de combustíveis que impuseram à época condições de preço bastante desfavoráveis ao segmento de produção de etanol. A dificuldade de coordenação, porém, sempre foi característica do setor sucroalcooleiro, o que levanta dúvidas sobre o sucesso dos grupos em coordenar as vendas e manter a coesão. Partindo-se desse ponto, este trabalho tem por objetivo analisar a coordenação e a coesão de grupos de comercialização de etanol atuantes na região Centro-Sul do Brasil. Para isso, conduziu-se um estudo de casos múltiplos, sendo analisados três dos quatro grupos de comercialização atuantes na região Centro-Sul. Ao final, concluiu-se que, embora problemas de coordenação existam, os grupos, cada qual com suas características, dando maior ou menor importância para questões econômico/contratuais e relacionais, são bem-sucedidos e permitem melhora no poder de barganha junto às distribuidoras de combustível.One of the major consequences of the deregulation period in the sugar and ethanol industry was the creation of ethanol trading groups. Ethanol producers adopted this strategy to defend themselves against the market power of fuel distributors, which, at that time, imposed very unfavorable price conditions to the production segment. However, coordination problems have always been a characteristic of this industry, which raise doubts about the success of the trading groups to coordinate sales and maintain group cohesion. Based on this point, this paper aims to examine the coordination and cohesion of ethanol trading groups. For this purpose, a multiple case study was conducted, with three of the four trading groups operating in the Central-Southern region in Brazil. The conclusion was that although there are coordination problems, groups, each of them with their characteristics, are successful and allow to balance the power game between manufacturers and distributors.

Este trabalho tem como objetivo geral analisar como os agricultores familiares comportam-se frente às mudanças significativas no ambiente institucional da cadeia produtiva do leite a partir de novas legislações. Nesse sentido, foram investigadas as principais consequências e impactos na organização socioprodutiva das famílias produtoras de leite na região Oeste Catarinense em decorrência da Instituição Normativa n. 51 do Ministério da Agricultura. Para tanto, foi utilizada a abordagem da Nova Economia Institucional (NEI), especialmente no que tange à formação e adaptação dos agricultores ao ambiente institucional da cadeia leiteira. A metodologia utilizada foi o estudo de caso, e as informações analisadas foram obtidas através de pesquisa de campo junto a atores estratégicos envolvidos na produção de leite e derivados na região. Concluiu-se que a IN51 influencia decisivamente a forma de organização e participação da agricultura familiar na cadeia produtiva do leite.This paper aims to analyze how family farmers behave facing significant changes in the institutional environment of milk production chain. In this sense, we investigated main consequences and impacts on the social and productive organization of milk producing families as a result of the Institution Normative 51 by Ministry of Agriculture in the western region of Santa Catarina state. We used the approach of New Institutional Economics (NIE) and field research with strategic actors involved in the dairy production in the region. We concluded that the IN51 decisively influences the form of organization and participation of family farming in the milk production chain.

O presente estudo analisa a eficiência técnica e de escala das cooperativas agropecuárias do Paraná, bem como identifica os fatores que estão relacionados com sua eficiência. A metodologia empregada está baseada em Análise Envoltória de Dados (DEA) e análise discriminante. Os resultados demonstram que as cooperativas agropecuárias de grande porte foram mais eficientes do que as de pequeno porte. Entre os principais fatores que influenciaram a eficiência nas cooperativas, destacam-se as aplicações de capital próprio (patrimônio líquido) e os prazos de pagamento menores. Em síntese, para atingir maiores níveis de competitividade, é necessário que as cooperativas desenvolvam práticas bem definidas de capitalização.The present paper analyzes the scale and the technical efficiency of the agricultural cooperatives in the Paraná state, and identifies the factors that are related with their efficiency. The methodology is based on Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA), and discriminant analysis. Results demonstrate that large agricultural cooperatives are more efficient than the small ones. The main factors that influence the efficiency are own capital (equity) and smaller payment periods. In synthesis, to reach larger levels of competitiveness, the agricultural cooperatives need to develop better defined capitalization practices.

Este trabalho objetivou verificar quais são as capacidades tecnológicas (conceito de LALL, 1992) da agroindústria canavieira brasileira para uma amostra de três estados de expressão deste setor, São Paulo, Paraná e Minas Gerais. Para contemplar este escopo, foram coletados dados primários junto a usinas/ destilarias, mediante aplicação de questionários (responderam 39%, 40% e 35%, respectivamente, das unidades paulistas, mineiras e paranaenses, o que significa aproximadamente 32% das produções nacionais de cana, açúcar e álcool). Como corolário, a agroindústria canavieira, tecnicamente qualificada e com baixos custos, apresenta um expressivo domínio das capacidades tecnológicas básica (simple routine) e intermediária (adaptive duplicative). Contudo, em termos da capacidade tecnológica avançada (innovative risky), que é a tecnologia de ponta de um setor, ainda há espaço para avançar, mormente na inovação de processo e em P&D.This paper aims to appraise the technological capabilities (LALL concept, 1992) of Brazilian sugarcane agroindustry for a sample of three leading production states: São Paulo, Paraná and Minas Gerais. A field research survey with sugar and ethanol mills provides the primary data for assessing technological capabilities (39%, 40% and 35% of the units in São Paulo, Minas Gerais and Paraná State, respectively, answered, which means approximately 32% of national production of sugarcane, sugar and ethanol). As a main finding, the sugarcane agroindustry, technically qualified and with low costs, presents an expressive domain of simple routine and adaptive duplicative technological capabilities. However, the advanced technological capabilities (innovative risky) are still lagging behind the technological frontier, especially in the innovation process and in the R&D.

Desde meados da década de 1990, o arroz é um dos principais produtos agrícolas importados pelo Brasil, principalmente do Uruguai e da Argentina, o que frequentemente gera questionamentos dos orizicultores brasileiros. O objetivo deste artigo é analisar os determinantes das importações brasileiras deste cereal, e para tanto, apresenta-se um modelo econômico visando analisar esta relação comercial no Mercosul, assumindo que as importações brasileiras de arroz são resultantes de um excesso de demanda doméstica pelo cereal. Utiliza-se um Modelo Autorregressivo Vetorial - VAR estrutural. Os resultados mostram uma forte relação do volume importado com o preço doméstico do arroz e com a taxa de câmbio. Verifica-se uma significativa participação do preço de importação na explicação do preço doméstico. A quantidade importada de arroz responde positivamente a um choque positivo no preço doméstico e negativamente a choques positivos no preço de importação e na taxa de câmbio. Verifica-se uma relação de bicausalidade entre o preço doméstico e o preço de importação de arroz. Uma das principais conclusões é que a demanda por importação reage imediatamente a choques no preço doméstico e taxa de câmbio, e posteriormente, a choques no preço de importação, sugerindo dificuldades em substituir imediatamente o volume importado no mercado doméstico.Since the middle of the 90's, rice has been one of the main agricultural products imported by Brazil, particularly from Uruguay and Argentina, which very often raises concerns to Brazilian rice producers. This paper aims to analyze the factors that determine the Brazilian rice imports, and therefore proposes an economic model to examine these trade flows in Mercosur, assuming that the Brazilian rice imports results from a domestic demand surplus. An econometric model Vector Auto-regressive (structural VAR) is applied. Results show a strong relationship among rice imports and domestic rice prices, as well as the exchange rate. A significant effect of import prices over domestic prices has been verified. The quantity of rice imports relates positively to an increase of domestic prices and negatively to an increase of import prices, as well as increases in the exchange rate. A bicausality relationship is verified between domestic and import prices for rice. One of the major conclusions is that Brazilian rice imports answer immediately to changes in domestic prices and exchange rate and react one quarter later to changes in import prices suggesting a delay over rice importers to substitute imports by the domestic rice.

A partir da emergência da ideia de sustentabilidade, a agricultura adquiriu novas conotações, associadas não apenas ao aspecto produtivo, mas também à conservação dos recursos naturais e dos territórios rurais, em um reconhecimento de sua multifuncionalidade. Com base nesta noção, que valoriza as funções socioambientais desempenhadas pelas famílias rurais e pelas agriculturas praticadas, o presente artigo analisa um assentamento rural no estado de São Paulo, buscando identificar quais são e de que forma se expressam as funções para além da produção neste território particular. Por meio de uma metodologia de cunho quali-quantitativo, observou-se que, no assentamento em foco, a agricultura encerra em si questões de coesão territorial, manutenção da segurança alimentar, conservação da agrobiodiversidade e de fomento a outras atividades produtivas, sendo o elemento central da reconstrução de um modo de vida rural neste ambiente.From the idea of sustainability, agriculture has acquired new connotations beyond the productive aspect, and associated with conservation of natural resources and rural territories, in recognition of their multiple functions. Based on this concept, which values the socioenvironmental functions performed by rural families, the present paper made an analysis on a rural settlement in the São Paulo state, aiming to identify functions beyond the production and their expression in this particular territory. With a methodology based on qualitative and quantitative information, it was observed that, in the settlement in focus, agriculture carries with it questions of territorial cohesion, maintenance of food security, agrobiodiversity conservation and the encouragement of other producing activities, being the central element of the rebuild of a rural way of life in this environment.

The aim of this paper is to address the sources of technical and allocative inefficiency from a cross section sample of 308 beneficiaries of a market assisted land reform program, called "Cédula da Terra"; from five states in Northeastern region of Brazil. In spite of some differences on governance of the "Cédula da Terra"; in comparison with traditional expropriation land reform program, studies carried by Buainain et al. (2002) have shown small differences between then, regarding their social and economic characteristics. We believe that our results could be useful to identify the main problems of Brazilian land reform settlements. We estimated a potential production frontier following the methodology of Battese and Coelli (1995), Coelli et al. (1998) and applied econometric techniques to explain inefficiency. The results indicate the existence of technical and allocative inefficiency, which is identified mostly in situations where the presence of production for consumption is high. This is a result that shows how immature the agriculture activity is in most of Cédula da Terra Program settlements and the difficulty to overcome the limitations imposed by the initial condition of formation of agrarian reform, primarily in Northeastern region of Brazil.O objetivo desse artigo é caracterizar as fontes da ineficiência técnica e alocativa em um conjunto de 308 beneficiários de um programa de reforma agrária de mercado, chamado "Cédula da Terra";, distribuídos em cinco estados do Nordeste brasileiro. Estudos conduzidos por Buainain et al. (2002) mostraram existem poucas diferenças entre as características de beneficiários deste programa e dos programas tradicionais de reforma agrária por expropriação e que portanto, os resultados obtidos por este trabalho permitem visualizar as dificuldades enfrentadas pelos assentamentos no Brasil. Para medir eficiência, estimou-se uma função de produção potencial segundo a metodologia de Battese e Coelli (1995) e a partir disto, procurou-se explicar as razões da ineficiência (relativa) encontrada. Os resultados apontam para a existência de ineficiência técnica e alocativa que é identificada principalmente nas situações em que a presença de produção para consumo é elevada. Tratase de um resultado que revela a pouca maturidade da maioria dos lotes dos assentados do PCT e a dificuldade de superar as limitações impostas pela condição inicial de formação dos assentamentos de reforma agrária, principalmente na região nordeste do Brasil.

O presente estudo estima os impactos do crescimento da demanda de etanol no Brasil e nos EUA sobre a produção agrícola e o uso da terra. Utiliza-se um modelo econômico global capaz de representar os mercados agropecuários e de energia, as relações comerciais entre os países, a produção e demanda de etanol no Brasil e nos EUA e mudanças no uso da terra. Aumentos na demanda de etanol no Brasil e nos EUA são simulados de forma a refletir a política norte-americana e projeções da demanda brasileira para a próxima década. Os resultados sugerem que o Brasil deve ter uma especialização na produção de cana-de-açúcar e etanol em detrimento de outros produtos agropecuários. A área cultivada com cana-de-açúcar aumentaria de 5 milhões para 15 a 20 milhões de hectares em 2020, substitutindo áreas de pastagens, de outras culturas e de silvicultura. Cerca de 2,5 milhões de hectares de Cerrado seriam convertidos para agricultura, enquanto a floresta tropical teria impactos consideráveis apenas se as barreiras comerciais às importações de etanol nos EUA fossem reduzidas.This paper assesses the impacts of the increase in the ethanol demand in Brazil and in the United States on the agricultural production and land use. A global economic model representing agricultural and energy markets, trade among countries, ethanol supply and the demand in Brazil and in the US and changes in the land use is used. We simulate increases in the ethanol demand in Brazil and in the US to reflect the US policy and forecasts about the Brazilian demand for the upcoming decade. Results suggest a specialization in sugarcane and ethanol production in Brazil and decreases in other agricultural commodities. The area cultivated with sugarcane would move up from 5 million to 15 to 20 million hectares in 2020, replacing areas of pasture, other crops and forest. The Cerrado region in Brazil would lose 2.5 million hectares to agriculture, while tropical forests would only be considerably affected if the US trade barriers on ethanol imports were reduced.

Este trabalho analisa as diferenças no estado de saúde entre e dentro dos grupos de ocupados agrícolas e não agrícolas no Brasil, utilizando medidas de autoavaliação do estado de saúde captadas no suplemento da PNAD (Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicílios) de 2008. As análises baseiam-se na composição socioeconômica dos ocupados agrícolas e não agrícolas e nas estimativas de equações simultâneas para captar as relações não lineares entre saúde, renda e jornada de trabalho. Um dos pressupostos do trabalho é que a baixa prevalência de saudáveis entre os ocupados agrícolas estaria associada, sobretudo, à composição socioeconômica desse grupo, e não à maior insalubridade a que os ocupados das atividades agrícolas estariam submetidos em condições socioeconômicas semelhantes às dos não agrícolas. Analogamente, a desigualdade no estado de saúde seria menor entre os ocupados agrícolas devido aos hábitos mais homogêneos, não só no que se refere ao tipo de atividade, mas também em relação à qualidade de vida e ao acesso a uma série de itens de consumo, típico das localidades menos desenvolvidas onde as atividades agrícolas prevalecem.This paper analyzes differences of health conditions between and within agricultural and non-agricultural workers in Brazil. Self-reported health measures of the Health Supplement of Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicílios (PNAD), from 2008, are used. Results are based on the description of the socioeconomic characteristics of each group of employees and on estimates of a simultaneous equation to measure non-linear relations between health conditions, income and work hours. The main hypothesis is that the lower prevalence of workers with good health among agricultural workers is mainly due to socioeconomic characteristics of this group and not necessarily to higher insalubrious conditions that such workers would be submitted to in equivalent socioeconomic conditions than non-agricultural workers. Similarly, inequalities in health status within agricultural workers may be lower than non-agricultural workers due to more homogeneous kinds of activities, quality of life and consumption, usually found in less developed areas where agricultural workers prevail.

The objective of this paper is to identify some elements which contribute to the entry of small and medium producers into the global market. Specifically, it analyses the case of the greatest Brazilian mango and grape exported region - the Petrolina-Juazeiro (P-J). The conceptual background consists of two approaches. The first conceptual framework is the Global Value Chain (GVC) approach which is mainly concerned with the entry of local economies, from developing countries, into the global market. The second approach is the dynamic capability which is mainly concerned with the way the firm could acquire capabilities. The method selected for the empirical part was the multiple-case studies which were made viable by means of semi-structured questionnaires conducted with mango and grape producer agents from P-J Region in Brazil and European buyers. This study indicates that some institutions have been supporting the export activities in terms of irrigation techniques, new techniques of cultivation, financial support and the introduction of some certificates such as EurepGap. Lastly, the mango and grape producers have been undertaking upgrading of product, process and functional.O objetivo deste artigo foi identificar os elementos que contribuem para a entrada de pequenos e médios produtores no mercado global. Especificamente foi analisado o caso da maior região brasileira exportadora de manga e uva in natura, a de Petrolina (PE) e Juazeiro (BA). Os aportes teóricos utilizados neste artigo foram: cadeia de valor global e capacitações dinâmicas. O método selecionado para a realização da parte empírica foi o estudo de casos múltiplos. Para a coleta de dados, foram elaborados questionários semi-estruturados e realizadas entrevistas presenciais com produtores de manga e uva, associações de produtores, instituições de apoio localizadas em Petrolina e Juazeiro e compradores europeus de manga e uva. O estudo indicou que algumas instituições vêm apoiando o desenvolvimento da região no que tange as exportações de manga e uva principalmente transferindo conhecimento sobre padrões de qualidade dos mercados consumidores internacionais.

O vírus da influenza aviária H5N1 tem se disseminado rapidamente por diversos países e continentes nos últimos anos, podendo também chegar ao Brasil. A ausência e a necessidade de estimativas dos efeitos econômicos que surtos da doença podem provocar sobre o setor avícola brasileiro motivaram a presente pesquisa. Foram simulados três cenários utilizando-se de um modelo aplicado de equilíbrio geral inter-regional, denominado TERM-BR. Os resultados sinalizam impactos negativos de maior dimensão sobre o segmento avícola na região Sul, refletindo em dados ruins no conjunto da economia local. Já regiões produtoras de bens substitutos, ao terem a demanda aumentada nesse contexto, acabam por apresentar crescimento de renda, como é o caso do Centro-Oeste. Destaca-se a importância das reações do consumidor doméstico sobre o comportamento da produção avícola.The H5N1 avian influenza virus has been spreading fast over countries and continents in the last years, with a real possibility of reaching Brazil. The scope of this paper is to analyze the impacts of three different scenarios of a possible bird flu outbreak in commercial poultry production in Brazil, with the aid of a Brazilian inter-regional general equilibrium model. Results point to a greater negative impact over the production in the Southern region, with the correspondent negative impact in the broad regional economies. Regions producing substitute goods, on the other hand, would be benefited, due to consumer's substitution towards other meats. Actually, the substitution effect caused by the change in consumer's preferences, both domestically and abroad, is found to be the key driver of the regional income and employment changes.

O objetivo deste artigo é aplicar o mecanismo de correção de erros linear e não linear para encontrar as elasticidades de resposta das exportações do setor de borracha a diversas variáveis. Duas importantes contribuições emergem desta pesquisa. A primeira é o uso da metodologia de mudança de regime markoviano. A segunda está relacionada aos resultados para o setor. Para a curva de oferta, não é possível afirmar a existência do efeito J. Há evidência de assimetria de desempenho entre regimes de queda e crescimento da demanda por exportações, bem como entre a duração desses estados. Isso pode estar refletindo a influência das elasticidades de curto prazo, em especial no caso da renda e dos preços. De forma geral, os resultados apontam que choques negativos têm muito mais poder de desestabilizar o comportamento das exportações do setor no Brasil que choques positivos.The goal of this paper is to apply the linear and nonlinear error correction model to supply and demand for rubber exports and find elasticities to several variables. Two major contributions emerge from this research. The first is the use of the methodology of Markovian Switching model. The second is related to the results for the sector. For the supply curve is not possible to affirm the existence of the J effect. There is evidence of asymmetry in performance between states of retraction and growth in demand for exports, as well as between the duration of these states. This may reflect the influence of short-term elasticities, particularly in the case of income and prices. Overall, the results show that negative shocks have much more power to destabilize the exports sector in Brazil than positive shocks.

O objetivo desta pesquisa foi investigar um tipo específico de conflito fundiário, referente ao processo de invasões de terras (ocupações) realizadas por organizações de movimentos sociais no Brasil. No atual conflito, as invasões tornaram-se o principal instrumento de "pressão" sobre os governos para a execução da reforma agrária. Por outro lado, os produtores rurais questionam a legalidade das invasões e pleiteiam o cumprimento imediato dos mandados de reintegração de posse. Tendo como marco institucional a MP 2027-38/2000 (conhecida como lei "antiinvasão"), mais o relatório de invasões da Federação de Agricultura do Estado do Paraná (Faep), foi desenvolvida uma pesquisa empírica junto aos produtores rurais das principais áreas de conflito, compreendendo as invasões de terra entre 2000 e 2006. Com base na Nova Economia Institucional e nos resultados da literatura empírica sobre direitos de propriedade, a presente pesquisa analisou a relação entre as variáveis "tempo de invasão" (proxy para a insegurança do direito de propriedade) e o "nível de produtividade da terra" (proxy para investimento), comparando diferentes grupos de produtores e sua produtividade antes e depois da invasão. Os resultados descritivos apontaram importantes efeitos sobre as decisões de investimentos dos produtores e uma complexidade maior entre a relação das variáveis analisadas.The objective of this paper is to study the invasions (occupation) of land properties held by the so called Brazilian social movements. This conflict concerns the disputes between farmers and social movements, in which the landowners questioned the legality of the invasion for agrarian reform and compliance with the immediate mandate of reinstatement of possession when there is invasion of property. On the side of the social movements, land invasions have become the main form of pressure) to speed up expropriation processes and settlements. Having as institutional landmark, the "anti-invasion Law", associated with the report on properties invaded released by the Federation of Agriculture of the State of Parana (Faep in Portuguese), it was developed an empirical model applied to land owners in conflict areas encompassing invasions occurred over 2000 and 2006. Based on the premises of the New Institutional Economics and on the analysis of land property rights and private investments, this study examined the relation between the variable "invasion period" (proxy for the property right insecurity) and "land productivity level" (proxy for investment), by comparing farmers productivity before and after the invasion. The descriptive results showed important effects on investment decisions of producers and a greater complexity of the relationship between variables.