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Copyright of Revista de Economia e Sociologia Rural is the property of Sociedade Brasileira de Economia e Sociologia Rural and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista de Economia e Sociologia Rural is the property of Sociedade Brasileira de Economia e Sociologia Rural and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista de Economia e Sociologia Rural is the property of Sociedade Brasileira de Economia e Sociologia Rural and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista de Economia e Sociologia Rural is the property of Sociedade Brasileira de Economia e Sociologia Rural and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista de Economia e Sociologia Rural is the property of Sociedade Brasileira de Economia e Sociologia Rural and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista de Economia e Sociologia Rural is the property of Sociedade Brasileira de Economia e Sociologia Rural and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista de Economia e Sociologia Rural is the property of Sociedade Brasileira de Economia e Sociologia Rural and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

O presente estudo tem como objetivo mensurar os efeitos quantitativos sobre as exportações de commodities agrícolas das cooperativas brasileiras em função de cenários diversos baseados nas possibilidades de negociação comercial que se colocam para o Brasil. Assim tem-se ênfase nas exportações de commodities onde há uma maior influência do movimento cooperativo. Um modelo computável de equilíbrio geral é utilizado para simular cenários alternativos de abertura comercial para a economia brasileira e seus impactos sobre os setores de interesse. Resultados de estudos anteriores também são considerados. Buscou-se identificar quais seriam os interesses maiores para as cooperativas do Brasil nas negociações desses acordos, considerando os impactos esperados sobre produção e fluxos comerciais. Os resultados mais favoráveis, considerando os cenários considerados e os setores de elevada participação das cooperativas podem ser resumidos como: uma liberalização multilateral parcial para os setores de aves e suínos e de soja, um acordo comercial Mercosul-UE para os setores de soja e café, e a Alca completa para o setor de café.Our goal in this paper is to evaluate the quantitative effects on exports of agricultural commodities of Brazilian cooperatives from several scenarios of possible trade agreements faced by Brazil. This paper is focused on exports of commodities under higher influence of cooperative firms. We use a computable general equilibrium model to simulate alternative scenarios of trade liberalization for Brazilian economy and their impacts on the sectors on focus. We also consider results from the previous studies. We seek to identify main interests to the Brazilian cooperatives on the negotiation of such agreements, considering impacts on production and the flow of trade. The best outcomes considering those sectors with high cooperative participation and trade agreements considered here could be summarized as: a partial multilateral liberalization for the poultry, pork and soybean sectors; an agreement Mercosul-EU for the soybean and coffee sectors; and full liberalization FTAA for the coffee sector.

Copyright of Revista de Economia e Sociologia Rural is the property of Sociedade Brasileira de Economia e Sociologia Rural and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista de Economia e Sociologia Rural is the property of Sociedade Brasileira de Economia e Sociologia Rural and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

O objetivo deste trabalho é verificar os impactos do Protocolo de Cartagena sobre Biossegurança (PCB) para o Brasil no mercado internacional, dado que o País foi o único grande exportador de commodities agrícolas que o ratificou. A análise centrou-se nas discussões do Artigo 18 e no mercado de soja. Calcularam-se os custos adicionais de identificação para Brasil, Argentina e Estados Unidos, com base em propostas feitas durante as negociações. Os números mostraram que esses custos são mais elevados no Brasil e que a diferença em relação aos países concorrentes aumenta quando as exigências de identificação tornam-se mais rígidas. Para verificar o impacto desses custos no mercado internacional, utilizou-se o Equilibrium Displacement Model (EDM) e definiram-se dois cenários. Em um deles, apenas o Brasil cumpriria as normas do PCB e em outro, Argentina e EUA também adotariam medidas equivalentes. Os resultados evidenciaram que ambas as situações implicariam em perdas para o Brasil, que poderiam chegar a US$ 133 milhões no Cenário 1 e a US$ 329 milhões no Cenário 2. Para os outros países, o Cenário 2 apresenta dados mais favoráveis. Dessa forma, espera-se que Argentina e EUA adotem medidas semelhantes às exigidas pelo PCB, no qual o Brasil incorre em perdas maiores.This paper aims to verify the impacts of the Biosafety Protocol on Brazilian exports, as the country was the only one amid the biggest world agricultural commodities producers that has ratified it. The analysis focused on Article 18 and also on the soybean market. The additional costs to identify LMOs were calculated to Brazil, Argentina and the US considering the main proposals submitted during negotiations. The figures revealed that the compliance costs are higher in Brazil compared to the other countries and that this difference increases as the exigencies become stricter. The potential impacts of these additional costs in the international market were estimated using the Equilibrium Displacement Model. It was considered a scenario under which only Brazil complied with CPB standards and another one where Argentina and the US also adopted equivalent measures. The results showed that Brazil would be harmed in both situations. The country could loose US$ 133 million under Scenario 1 and US$ 329 million under Scenario 2. Regarding Argentina and the US, the Scenario 2 presents better results. Therefore, it is almost certain that these countries will comply with CPB requirements. It implies that Brazil will incur in greater losses.

O comércio internacional tem adquirido importância crescente ao Brasil, especialmente para ao setor rural. Assim, entender o impacto da política de terceiros países no agronegócio brasileiro é importante. A União Européia (UE) é um dos principais parceiros comerciais do Brasil e é conhecida pela grande interferência que impõe ao seu setor agrícola na forma de diversos subsídios. O impacto da expansão da UE em 2004 e a reforma da Política Agrícola Comum (PAC) têm sido estudados em muitas regiões do mundo, mas não exaustivamente no Brasil. Este trabalho objetiva determinar o impacto da expansão da EU em 2004 no agronegócio brasileiro utilizando o Modelo de Equilíbrio Geral (GTAP) - Projeto de Análise do Comércio Global -, sob três cenários alternativos de reforma da PAC. Os impactos setoriais mais importantes foram sentidos na própria UE, como esperado, já que as medidas ocorrem naquele bloco. O impacto agregado da expansão da UE não foi importante para a economia brasileira. Mas, diferentes medidas da UE afetaram setores específicos do agronegócio brasileiro, como oleaginosas e carne bovina. As exportações desses setores da economia cresceram com a expansão e o descasamento dos pagamentos diretos, embora tenham decrescido com a expansão da UE sem o descasamento.International trade has acquired increasing importance for the Brazilian economy, especially for agribusiness. In this way, understanding other countries policies that affects international trade and its impacts in this country is equally important. The European Union (EU) is one of the most important Brazilian trade partners and it is known by strong interference on its agricultural sector. The recent European enlargement and the last Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) Reform have been studied at different regions of the World but there is a lack of knowledge regarding the impacts of this on Brazilian rural sectors. This paper aims to assess the impacts of the 2004 EU enlargement on Brazilian agribusiness using the general equilibrium model Global Trade Analysis Project (GTAP) under three alternatives scenarios for CAP Reform. The sectoral impacts were more relevant within the EU, as expected, as the measures take place in this region. The aggregate impact of the enlargement with or without decoupling was not important for the Brazilian economy. But it was found that different policies affect some Brazilian agribusiness sectors performance as oilseeds and bovine meat. Exports from these Brazilian sectors grow with enlargement as decoupling takes place, though they decrease under enlargement without decoupling.

This paper specifies and estimates an econometric model of the soybean market (grain, oil and meal) to assess the effects of U.S. domestic support to soybeans on world soybean prices, production and exports. The model divides the world into five regions (modules): Argentina, Brazil, the European Union, the United States (US) and the Rest of the World (ROW). There are interactions between the modules through the international prices and the net exports of each soybean product. The international prices of grain, oil and meal are endogenous and are determined equating net exports of the first four modules (Argentina, Brazil, European Union and the U.S.) to net imports of the ROW. The analysis is conducted eliminating the U.S. domestic support to soybeans and simulating the impacts on the variables of interest. The simulations show a significant impact of the US subsidy to soybeans on world prices and net exports of the four selected regions.Este trabalho estima um modelo econométrico do mercado de soja e derivados com o objetivo de avaliar os efeitos das políticas de apoio interno dos Estados Unidos sobre os preços internacionais, sobre a produção e sobre as exportações. O modelo divide o mundo em cinco regiões: Argentina, Brasil, Estados Unidos, União Européia e Demais países. A interação entre as regiões ocorre através dos preços internacionais e pelas exportações líquidas em cada um dos mercados. Os preços internacionais dos três produtos são determinados igualando-se a soma das exportações líquidas das cinco regiões. A análise é feita eliminando o apoio doméstico nos Estados Unidos e simulando o impacto nas variáveis de interesse. As simulações mostram impactos significativos do subsídio americano sobre os preços internacionais e sobre as exportações líquidas de Argentina, Brasil, Estados Unidos e União Européia.

Copyright of Revista de Economia e Sociologia Rural is the property of Sociedade Brasileira de Economia e Sociologia Rural and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)