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The problem of food insecurity in the central region of Cuba is addressed, in a context characterized by the depletion of conventional energy sources and the negative effects of climate change. The area is located in the Los Milian farm in the Ciego de Ávila province, the application of a closed cycle production process is foreseen for the production of food with the rational use of water and energy. The use of the surpluses of the production process to produce biogas is conceived, and the use of dry matter as biofertilizer. A treatment system is proposed to reduce the pollutant load of the effluents, a domestic supply system coupled to a photovoltaic solar pump and an irrigation system compatible with the hours of least electricity consumption. The results entail a positive social and environmental impact for the Ciego de Ávila province. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using crop evapotranspiration (ETc) data obtained in lysimeters in rice fields of the western region of Cuba and the reference evapotranspiration (ETo) calculated by the Penman-Monteith (FAO PM), Hargreaves (Hag) formulas, the evaporation of the Class A evaporimeter tank modified by the coefficient of the tank (Eo Kp) and evaporation of the tank (Eo), the Kc of Amistad and J-105 rice varieties were determined with cycles of 130 days, sown in the months of March and April during years 1987 to 1989.The average ETc for both varieties and years was 820 mm (6.8 mm day-1) for an average cycle of 133 days, while the ETo was 624 (4.19 mm day-1), 420 (3.86 mm dia-1), 600 (4.73 mm dia-1) and 814 (5.49 mm dia-1) calculated using the formulas FAO PM, Hag, EoKp and Eo, respectively, with R² coefficients significant for comparisons with each other of all ETo calculation methods. The ten-year Kc increase from the beginning to obtain a maximum of 1.5 and 1.4 for varieties J-105 and Amistad from 80 to 110 days of growth and then descend to 1.3 and 1.2 for both varieties at the end of the cycle. Given the little difference between varieties, a Kc is proposed for the crop according to its phases of 0.8, 1.2, 1.4 and 1.3 for the initial, vegetative, reproduction and final phases, respectively. The validation of these coefficients for other regions of the country is suggested. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, different efficiency criteria were proposed for the evaluation of sprinkler irrigation. The investigation was carried out at six central pivots of the company Cubasoy and La Cuba. The methodology used relates the climatic, hydraulic and energy variables by means of the consumption of the specific energy standardized in the irrigation, in such a way that allows characterizing the systems at project and operation level. It was determined that the specific energy to pump a cubic meter of water ranged between 0.18 kWh*m-3 to 0.32 kWh*m-3 and the specific energy normalized in irrigation between 17.16 to 30.53 kWh*mm*ha-1 100*m-1 for application efficiencies of 77.30 to 82.80%. Energy efficiency actually used in irrigation reached from 8.92 to 15.80% under specific operating conditions of the system of irrigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, different efficiency criteria were proposed for the evaluation of sprinkler irrigation. The investigation was carried out at six central pivots of the company Cubasoy and La Cuba. The methodology used relates the climatic, hydraulic and energy variables by means of the consumption of the specific energy standardized in the irrigation, in such a way that allows characterizing the systems at project and operation level. It was determined that the specific energy to pump a cubic meter of water ranged between 0.18 kWh*m-3 to 0.32 kWh*m-3 and the specific energy normalized in irrigation between 17.16 to 30.53 kWh*mm*ha-1 100*m-1 for application efficiencies of 77.30 to 82.80%. Energy efficiency actually used in irrigation reached from 8.92 to 15.80% under specific operating conditions of the system of irrigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The research was conducted at "Los Palacios" Scientific and Technological Base Unit, from 2014 to 2017, on a Gleysol Nodular Ferruginous Petroferric soil, to evaluate the effect of water stress on the yield in the regrowth crop in a variety of short -cycle rice INCA LP-5. The results showed that in the new variant of water managing (water stress with ratoon), the highest agricultural and industrial yields of the grain were obtained. They ranged between 4,0 and 5,8 t.ha-1 and 62,3 and 63, 9% of whole grains, respectively, for the plant cutting height of 5 cm. The lowest agricultural and industrial yields ranged between 3,0 and 3,4 t.ha-1 and 58,6 and 61, 1% of whole grains, respectively, for the plant cutting height of 20 cm (control), during the four years that the research was carried out. Similar behavior presented the number of panicles per square meter; while the water consumption and the industrial quality of the grain was lower in the variant with water stress, which represents a saving for the concept of irrigation water economy, and a fundamental parameter that decides whether a rice variety is commercially accepted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The research was conducted at "Los Palacios" Scientific and Technological Base Unit, from 2014 to 2017, on a Gleysol Nodular Ferruginous Petroferric soil, to evaluate the effect of water stress on the yield in the regrowth crop in a variety of short -cycle rice INCA LP-5. The results showed that in the new variant of water managing (water stress with ratoon), the highest agricultural and industrial yields of the grain were obtained. They ranged between 4,0 and 5,8 t.ha-1 and 62,3 and 63, 9% of whole grains, respectively, for the plant cutting height of 5 cm. The lowest agricultural and industrial yields ranged between 3,0 and 3,4 t.ha-1 and 58,6 and 61, 1% of whole grains, respectively, for the plant cutting height of 20 cm (control), during the four years that the research was carried out. Similar behavior presented the number of panicles per square meter; while the water consumption and the industrial quality of the grain was lower in the variant with water stress, which represents a saving for the concept of irrigation water economy, and a fundamental parameter that decides whether a rice variety is commercially accepted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The research was conducted at "Los Palacios" Base Scientific and Technological Unit, from 2014 to 2017, on a Gleysol Nodular Ferruginous Petroferric soil, to know the effect of water stress on the ratoon crop in the medium cycle variety J-104. The results showed that the new variant of water managing (water stress with ratoon) significantly outperformed the control production variant. It produced the highest agricultural and industrial yields of the grain. They ranged between 4.7 and 5.8 t. ha-1 and 63.3 and 67.3% whole grains respectively for a height of cut of the plant of 5 cm. The lowest agricultural and industrial yields ranged between 3.1 and 4.4 t.ha-1 and 60.0 and 67.8% of whole grains respectively for the control variant with a height of cut of the plant 20 cm. Water consumption was always lower in the new variant than in the control variant during the years of study. This indicator is very important as a concept of irrigation water economy, a decisive resource for rice production. The industrial quality of the grain was always higher in the variant with water stress in the ratoon crop compared to the control variant; parameters that decide if a rice variety is accepted commercially. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present work was developed in areas of the Agroindustrial Company of Ceballos, Ciego de Avila, with the objective of carrying out a comparative study of two irrigation tape models, the self-compensating Aqua Traxx and the non-compensating one. The tapes used were the existing models in the company, which were acquired from foreign firms that commercialize components of irrigation systems in Cuba. The samples of the irrigation tapes used were obtained from a universe of 500 emitters for each model, choosing 20 emitters of each tape model. The evaluations carried out were the determination of the hydraulic characteristics and quality of the tapes, determination of the coefficient of variation of manufacture and of the variation of the flow, determination of the flowpressure curve and determination of the variation of the flow product of the water temperature. The study showed the best quality, resistance, constancy in the variations of the flow, pressure and coefficient of variation of manufacture of the compensating Aqua Traxx tape in relation to the noncompensating one. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

CurvePivot 2.0 software was developed for the hydraulic design of central pivot irrigation systems for specific operating conditions. The programming language that was used was C # with a simple interface for the user. The program was based on a mathematical model that considers hydrogeological, hydraulic, edaphic, agronomic and economic variables, through which the design flow is obtained quickly and efficiently with the lowest investment and operation cost of the irrigation system. In addition, other parameters are determined like efficiency and depletion of the well, radius of influence of the well, parameters of the centrifugal pump, operating point of the system, rainfall at the end of the lateral, diameters and lengths of the pipes, working pressure, tower number and speed of the last tower. This tool has been used in several agricultural companies in the province of Ciego de Ávila, Cuba. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The experiment performed in UCTB Los Palacios from 2014 to 2017, on Hydromorphic Gley Nodular Ferruginous Petroferric soil, in order to know the effect of water stress on grain quality with a middle cycle rice variety. Results showed that in the new variants of water management, a bigger percent of white entire grains was obtained. It oscillated between 55,9 and 65,3%, while in the traditional management (control) the lowest percent of white entire grains was obtained (between 48,3 and 50,5%), with a bigger quantity of chalky grains (with white belly) and fissures in the grains. However, with the new variants of water management the percentage of grains with white belly and fissures was lower than with the traditional water management being these last unfavorable elements, one of the reasons why some varieties could not continue in the national rice production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

El experimento se condujo en la Unidad Científico Tecnológica Los Palacios (UCTB Los Palacios), desde el año 2010 hasta el 2012, sobre un suelo Hidromórfico Gley Nodular Ferruginoso Petroférrico durante el período de noviembre a febrero en condiciones semicontroladas, en maceteros de 1 m2 de área. En cada macetero se sembraron 40 semillas de la variedad Delicia 364, con el objetivo de evaluar la respuesta del frijol sometido a diferentes intensidades de estrés de agua en la fase vegetativa y su efecto en el rendimiento. Los resultados demostraron que al cultivo de frijol en la fase vegetativa al someterlo a estrés hídrico permitió incremento en el rendimiento a favor de los tratamientos con estrés respecto al testigo que se mantuvo con riego normal. Diferentes intensidades de estrés de agua en la fase vegetativa incremento el rendimiento. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

La investigación se desarrolló entre los meses de noviembre de 2013 a marzo de 2014 con el objetivo maximizar los niveles físicos y económicos de uso de agua en la producción del frijol mediante la simulación de los rendimientos con el modelo AquaCrop. El área de la investigación pertenece a la UBPC Grito de Yara, la cual se encuentra ubicada a los 200 25' de Latitud N y a los 760 53' de Longitud O con una altura de 6 m.s.n.m. Se realizó un total de 7 riegos. Se sembró la variedad Delicia 360, el día 20 de diciembre con un marco de plantación de 0,5 x 0,8 m. Una vez calibrado el modelo AquaCrop, se simularon los rendimientos del cultivo de frijol bajo diferentes niveles de agua disponible para obtener la función de producción con la cual se realizó la maximización física y económica del agua. El volumen de agua que garantiza un máximo físico es de 2 244,37 m³ ·ha-1 para la obtención de rendimientos de 2 406,51 kg·ha-1 . El volumen de agua que garantiza el máximo económico es de 2 438,06 m³ ·ha-1 con lo cual se garantiza una ganancia de 47 010.38 $·ha-1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the results obtained from the aspects related to management and operation of Microirrigation systems. The procedures developed by Merriam and Keller (2002) have been applied. This procedure consists of selecting irrigation units representing all irrigation systems, evaluating the uniformity of water distribution and other management parameters. For the preparation of the experimental data obtained with the implementation of these procedures, a computational tool using an Excel 2007 spreadsheet has been developed. This tool enables to obtain the fundamental results of these calculations quickly and with a large margin of safety. The objective of this study is to evaluate the management parameters of microirrigation systems by Merriam and Keller's criterion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The experiment was conducted at the Experimental Station Los Palacios from 2008 to 2011 on Hidromófico Gley soil laterized during the October to January period under controlled conditions in pots of 1m 2 area in each 25 seeds were sown in the 93 finch variety in order to evaluate the response of beans subjected to different intensities of water stress at vegetative stage and its effect on yield, its components and water economy. The results showed that the bean crop in the vegetative phase when subjected to water stress at different intensities allowed increases in yield, its components and an economy in the use of water for water stress treatments compared to the control that maintained with regular watering. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The work was carried out in the Basic Unit of Cooperative Production Camilo Cienfuegos of the urban farm of the municipality San Miguel del Padron, in the province Havana, with the objective of studying the effect of the irrigation with waste waters on the yield of the cultivations sorghum (white variety C-21) and corn (Tusón variety), to increase the production of grains, dedicated to the animal feeding in the urban agriculture. The studied treatments was T1: irrigation with waste waters and upland conditions. The utilized system was of sprinkler irrigation (sprinkler 5022 of 960 L⋅h-1 spaced 12 m x 12 m). A dose net total of 1 775,4 m3 ⋅ha-1 of waste waters was applied, distributed in 31 irrigation; it was possible to increase the yield significantly in grains of the cultivations sorghum and corn with values of 4,29 t⋅ha-1 and 1,73 t⋅ha-1 respectively. The sorghum variety reached got a better use of the applied water with yield average 1,59 kg⋅m-3 with regard to the corn that obtained a value of 1,09 kg⋅m-3. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The work was carried out in the Basic Unit of Cooperative Production Camilo Cienfuegos of the urban farm of the municipality San Miguel del Padrón, in the province Havana, with the objective of studying the effect of the irrigation with waste waters on the yield of the cultivations sorghum (white variety C-21) and corn (Tusón variety), to increase the production of grains, dedicated to the animal feeding in the urban agriculture.The studied treatments was T1: irrigation with waste waters and upland conditions. The utilized system was of sprinkler irrigation (sprinkler 5022 of 960 L⋅.h-1 spaced 12 m x 12 m). A dose net total of 1775,4 m³⋅ha-1 of waste waters was applied, distributed in 31 irrigation; it was possible to increase the yield significantly in grains of the cultivations sorghum and corn with values of 4,29 t⋅ha-1 and 1,.73 t⋅ha-1 respectively. The sorghum variety reached got a better use of the applied water with yield average 1,59 kg⋅m-3 with regard to the corn that obtained a value of 1;09 kg⋅m-3. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The work was carried out in the Basic Unit of Cooperative Production "Camilo Cienfuegos" of the urban farm of San Miguel del Padron municipality, at Havana City province, with the objective of studying the effect of the irrigation with waste waters on the yield of the cultivations sorghum (white variety C-21) and corn (Tuson variety), to increase the production of grains, dedicated to the animal feeding in the urban agriculture. The studied treatments was T1: irrigation with waste waters and upland conditions. The irrigation system utilized was the multi-sprinkler solid set type (sprinkler 5022 of 960 L⋅h-1 spaced 12 m x 12 m). A dose net total of 1775,4 m³⋅ha-1 of waste waters was applied, distributed in 31 waterings it was possible to increase the yield significantly in grains of the cultivations sorghum and corn with values of 4,29 t⋅ha-1 and 1,73 t⋅ha-1 with relation to treatment of upland, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present research describes the studies realized to develop Suction Irrigation Technology, using porous capsules for the irrigation of horticultural crops in greenhouses. The materials and methods used for capsules production, as well as the evaluations that allow identifying their properties, are carefully detailed. As a principal result is suggested the possibility of obtaining porous capsules at a reasonable cost and adequate hydrodynamic properties according with the environmental and socioeconomic conditions of Cuban Central provinces for their use under controlled conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Intensive agriculture is characterized by high irrigation levels and fertilizer applications. This management produces waste of water and nitrate contamination of groundwater. These problems are present in the Community of Valencia, Spain, where irrigation waters contain high nitrate concentrations. This case studies ahead to find proper fertilizer level application. Nevertheless simulation models for water and nitrogen balances can be used as tools to simulate the best managements with minimum field experiments. In this work, SWAP and ANIMO models are applied to artichoke crops. The estimate values obtained with both models mimic the experimental values of variables related with water and nitrogen balances. In addition, more sensitive parameters are reported in view of future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was realized to evaluate the evaporation on different type of soil mositened with magnetized water. Five tests were realized, a sandy and clay soil were moistened with distilled water, tap water and a 0,026 M NaCl solution. Magnetic treatment of water took place by circulation into a device with 6 magnets for different times, 30, 60 and 120 minutes. The evaporation on both sandy and clay soil moistened with distiled water subjected to magnetic treatment for 60 minutes is significantly less than the control; the same effect is observed when the test is realized using tap water. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This is a review and comment about the advantage and limitation in the LEPA (Low Energy Precision Application) use in the central pivot irrigation systems. This systems or management water philosophy for scarcity and waste is a practical alternative in crop production. This technology was introduced the in 80's in south Texas plains where high water evaporation and the need of irrigate large areas with center pivots, required an alternative to increase maximum efficiency in irrigation application. Although the study is still in the introductory phase in Cuba to specific areas, it can be a possible solution for increasing crop yield with less water and water with limited quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]