Search

The objective of this study was to identify indicators of social inequalities associated with mortality from neoplasms in the Brazilian adult population. A scoping review method was used, establishing the guiding question: What is the effect of social inequalities on mortality from neoplasms in the Brazilian adult population? A total of 567 papers were identified, 22 of which were considered eligible. A variety of indicators were identified, such as the Human Development Index and the Gini Index, which primarily assessed differences in income, schooling, human development and vulnerability. A single pattern of association between the indicators and the different neoplasms was not established, nor was a single indicator capable of explaining the effect of social inequality at all levels of territorial area and by deaths from all types of neoplasms identified. It is known that mortality is influenced by social inequalities and that the study of indicators provides an opportunity to define which best explains deaths. This review highlights important gaps regarding the use of non-modifiable social indicators, analysis of small geographical areas, and limited use of multidimensional indicators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to systematically review scientific evidence on the barriers and facilitators of physical activity (PA) among the Brazilian population, considering different domains (leisure, travel, work/study, and household). The search was conducted in the MEDLINE/PubMed, ISI Web of Science, SCOPUS, BIREME/LILACS, and APA PsycNET databases and was limited to papers published between 2010 and 2020. A manual search of the Brazilian Journal of Physical Activity & Health was also conducted. The selection process consisted of screening titles and abstracts, followed by the analysis of full texts. Each paper was assessed by two independent reviewers, and when discrepancies arose, a third reviewer was consulted. Leisure, environmental barriers and facilitators were the most investigated domains in the 78 included studies. There was consistency in the positive associations between six different intrapersonal and social facilitators for leisure PA and one environmental factor for travel. There have been a small number of investigations on the work/study and household domains, and future investigations on intrapersonal and social barriers and facilitators in the travel domain are important. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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A fundamental government initiative to change the living conditions of deinstitutionalized Brazilian people, the De Volta para Casa (Back Home) Program is formed by some elements, including the psychosocial rehabilitation financial aid. Thirty-four state and academic documents from ordinances to papers were gathered to identify which elements of the Program permeate the records and debates about it throughout the Brazilian Psychiatric Reform, converging with the studies of Juarez Pereira Furtado and Ligia Maria Vieira-da-Silva about the dynamics of scientific and bureaucratic fields, such as mental health. Furthermore, we ethnographed five events that gathered institutionalized people and other agents from this field. We noticed the remarkable presence of the Therapeutic Residential Services (SRT) as an element of the referred Program both in the records and the scientific debates, while the mentioned financial aid was highlighted mainly in the government records. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Ciência & Saúde Coletiva is the property of Associacao Brasileira de Pos-Graduacao em Saude Coletiva and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper aims to estimate the prevalence of cardiovascular health and the validity of the Brazilian population's self-reported score. This is a cross-sectional, methodological study with 8,943 individual adults and laboratory data from the 2013 National Health Survey. We employed behavioral (body mass index, tobacco use, diet, physical activity, ideal if ≥ 3 ideal factors), biological (tobacco use, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and diabetes, ideal if ≥ 3 ideal factors), and cardiovascular health scores (all factors, ideal if ≥ 4 ideal factors). Prevalence of sensitivity and specificity scores and analyses of the self-reported scores were estimated, considering the scores with measured variables as the gold standard. Approximately 56.7% of individuals had ideal values for the measured cardiovascular health score. Sensitivity was 92% and specificity 30% for the self-reported biological score. Sensitivity and specificity scores were, respectively, 90.6% and 97.2% for self-reported behavior. The self-reported cardiovascular health score had a sensitivity of 92.4% and specificity of 48.5%. A little over half of the population had an ideal cardiovascular health score. The self-reported score showed good sensitivity and lower proportions of specificity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While Primary Health Care (PHC) and Family and Community Medicine (FCM) have expanded their space and relevance in health care and undergraduate medical courses, Brazil has no stricto sensu FCM postgraduate programs. In this paper, we analyze some aspects of the Brazilian public health field and the national stricto sensu postgraduate system that can help to explain this scenario. As a contribution to the debate on this topic, we also gathered information from international postgraduate and research experiences in FCM and devised a curriculum proposal for future national FCM master's courses. In the end, we discussed some key strategies for the emergence of stricto sensu postgraduate courses in this discipline in Brazil, highlighting the potential of these programs for evaluation and qualification of primary care services, especially the Family Health Strategy, and the training of PHC specialists required for the consolidation of the Unified Health System (SUS) as an accessible, comprehensive and equitable health system for the Brazilian population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Ciência & Saúde Coletiva is the property of Associacao Brasileira de Pos-Graduacao em Saude Coletiva and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)