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Given the above, the objective of this study was to evaluate the bromatological, mineral and bioactive compounds of blackberry grown in a subtropical region. Blackberries fruits (Rubus sp.), Grown in an orchard of Unioeste, Campus Marechal Cândido Rondon (Paraná, Brazil), were used. Immediately after harvest, the fruits were taken to the Food Technology Laboratory for chemical analysis and bioactive compounds. The fruit samples for the analysis of reducing, bromatological and mineral sugars were frozen and sent to private laboratories. Hybrids are more perishable than cultivars. There is variation in color among the cultivars and hybrids studied. Hybrids and cultivars of black mulberry have a high content of ascorbic acid and fibers, with emphasis on the cultivar Tupy (75.0 mg 100 mL-1 and 7.23, respectively). Higher pH is verified in the cultivars Tupy and Arapaho (3.22 and 3.24, respectively). The Arapaho cultivar has fewer acid fruits (0.25 g 100 g-1), SS/total acidity ratio (36.88) and reducing sugar content (8.28 g 100g-1). Blackberry fruits are a rich source of bioactive compounds, such as cv. Chickasaw obtaining a higher content of total phenolic compounds (1368.84 mg EAG100mL-1) and the Boysenberry hybrid a greater amount of anthocyanin (5.11mg Ci-3-Gly g-1). The Chickasaw cultivar has a higher lipid content (4.59). There is no difference in moisture content, dry biomass and fruit firmness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study was to evaluate the potential of rooting of podocarpos cuttings in function of the number of leaves, concentrations of IBA and phytorregulators, application methods and cutting season. Two experiments were carried out under weaning conditions, in a factorial scheme containing 3 replicates of 15 cuttings, the first with 4 concentrations of IBA, 3 leaves at the cuttings and 2 seasons. These were removed in August/2016 and January/2017, prepared with 10 cm in length and immersed in solutions for 10 s. In the second experiment three types of phytoregulators and 2 application forms were tested (slow and quick immersion). Cuttings were prepared in the same manner as in the first experiment, maintaining 4 leaves. The bases of the cuttings were immersed for 10 s and 24 h in the solutions, then taken to root. After 100 days of experimentation, it was concluded that cuttings collected in the summer had a higher percentage of rooting, 4 leaves and IBA concentration should be maintained between 750 and 800 mg L-1. The best form of application of phytoregulator is by rapid immersion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this work was to evaluate asepsis protocols, composition and concentration of culture media in the in vitro establishment of three physalis species. In experiment I, seeds of 3 species were used x 3 asepsis protocols. In experiment II, 3 culture media and explants 3 species were used. In experiment III, explants of 2 species x 4 concentrations of MS culture medium were used. In experiment IV, explants of 2 species x 4 sucrose concentrations were used. For experiments II, III and IV after 30 days were evaluated some phytotechnical parameters. The experimental design was completely randomized, in a 3 x 3 (experiments I and II) and 2 x 4 (experiments III and IV) factorial scheme. Protocols II and III were appropriate for P. peruviana germination, and I and III for P. minima, the three protocols were efficient for controlling fungi and bacteria. The MS is the most suitable for the in vitro establishment of three species. The culture medium at 100% concentration obtained better values in the in vitro development parameters evaluated for the species P. peruviana and P. minima. Sucrose concentrations close to 50 and 20 g L-1 favored the establishment of P. peruviana and P. minima. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the phenological behavior and agronomic potential of blackberry varieties and hybrids in a subtropical region. Blackberry seedlings of four varieties and two hybrids were purchased in April 2015 in the form of stem cuttings and transplanting in July 2015. Winter pruning was carried out on August 18, 2016 and 2017. The experimental design was composed of a randomized complete block design, containing four varieties and two hybrids, four blocks and five useful plants per experimental unit. The harvest was performed every two days to the determination of fresh biomass, longitudinal and transverse diameter, volume, number of fruits per plant, yield and estimated productivity. The average duration of the phenological cycles in the two harvests varies between 109 and 162 days and 114 and 148, respectively. Hybrids Boysenberry and Olallie presented a shorter cycle in both harvests. In the 2016/2017 crop, the harvest lasted from 39 to 88 days. In the 2017/2018 harvest, it lasted 23 to 57 days, starting in mid-November through early January. The Tupy and Chickasaw cultivars were the most productive in the first crop. In the second crop, the Tupy and Navaho cultivars were prominent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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