Search

Victor Meyer (1848-1897) was one of the most outstanding chemist of the second half of the 19th century. He is known for his numerous papers in the field of organic chemistry. The purpose of this paper is to familiarize readers with the important events in the life of Meyer. In addition, his research activities is briefly described, and especially the chemical reaction named after him. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Paul-Émile (François) Lecoq de Boisbaudran (1838-1912) was an important French chemist in the second half of the XIX century and the first decade of the XX century. He was one of the founders of spectroscopy. He discovered gallium (1875), samarium (1879), and dysprosium (1886) and improved methods for the separation of rare earths elements. The purpose of this paper is to familiarize readers with the important events in the life of Lecoq de Boisbaudran and his great discoveries. In addition, literature on his selected papers and books, as well as literature on his chapters in books is presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Frederick Soddy (1877-1956) was the most prominent chemists of the first half of the 20th century. He is known for his numerous papers in the field of radiochemistry. He was the laureate of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for 1921. The purpose of this paper is to familiarize readers with the important events in the life of Soddy and his research activities, in particular with selected results of his experimental studies as well as with his selected publications. In addition, his writing activity was described, in particular his books, well known in various countries, were presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Victor Meyer (1848-1897) was one of the most outstanding chemist of the second half of the 19th century. He is known for his numerous papers in the field of organic chemistry. The purpose of this paper is to familiarize readers with the important events in the life of Meyer. In addition, his research activities is briefly described, and especially the chemical reaction named after him

Frederick Soddy (1877-1956) was the most prominent chemists of the first half of the 20th century. He is known for his numerous papers in the field of radiochemistry. He was the laureate of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for 1921. The purpose of this paper is to familiarize readers with the important events in the life of Soddy and his research activities, in particular with selected results of his experimental studies as well as with his selected publications. In addition, his writing activity was described, in particular his books, well known in various countries, were presented.

Paul-Émile (François) Lecoq de Boisbaudran (1838-1912) was an important French chemist in the second half of the XIX century and the first decade of the XX century. He was one of the founders of spectroscopy. He discovered gallium (1875), samarium (1879), and dysprosium (1886) and improved methods for the separation of rare earths elements. The purpose of this paper is to familiarize readers with the important events in the life of Lecoq de Boisbaudran and his great discoveries. In addition, literature on his selected papers and books, as well as literature on his chapters in books is presented

This paper presents the results obtained during several years of work in ensuring the traceability of liquefied petroleum gas measurements in the country and the results of incorporating flow measurement and its metrological traceability to the Calibration Laboratory of Clear Products of the Cuba Petroleum Union (CUPET). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since distant times gypsum has coexisted alongside with the humanity and it is one of the oldest building materials. It is also used in decoration works, medicine and light industry. The quality of gypsum products manufactured with high technology in other countries makes of gypsum a valuable material due to its cost-effective production. Although Cuba has this prized resource, there are not short-term investment plans in sight, thus there are not real perspectives for its exploitation. In this paper, the current national status of gypsum production is analyzed and the potentialities and development of the material are assessed. The implementation of cutting-edge technologies would definitely help achieve high-quality productions so as to build a worldwide competitive gypsum industry. It has been proven that gypsum mineral extracted from Matanzas mines can be used to manufacture all gypsum types: construction, modeling and special gypsums. Thus, special gypsum import could be replaced by a national raw material and the growing needs of the potential tourist industry would be met. This product is in demand in health care system as dental and orthopedic plaster and in agriculture as soil neutralizing fertilizer. The country would have an opportunity for competition in the international market where special gypsum is in high demand. Such productions would have great impact in the domestic economy by contributing to obtain new export rubles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The gypsum mineral is the most common sulfated ore existing in nature – its chemical formula is CaSO4.2H2O – which has been formed by the evaporation of ocean water during million years. In Cuba there are three gypsum mineral deposits where gypsum beta hemihydrates are mainly produced. Itis used in construction works and modeling and in cement production. This paper aims at doing a chemical and physical characterization of gypsum mineral existing in the mines located in the region Canasi in Matanzas province with the view to assessing its use for obtaining gypsum alpha hemihydrates for special uses, which are deficit products imported at high cost in the country. For this characterization to be carried out at laboratory and industrial scale, the research field was divided into several areas for assessing individual purities –enabling to mix one another in a way that meet the required quality of the product in a determined temperature range. The mine has a great potential for obtaining special gypsum that meet all international quality standards which would allow the country to substitute imports and to fully meet national requirements by building a valuable export. The research proved the gypsum from this mine to be especially fast by nature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Carl Schorlemmer (1834-1892), the first professor of organic chemistry in the Owens College, Manchester (and in England), was the prominent Anglo-German chemist and historian of chemistry of the second half of the 19th century. He studied the constitution of paraffinic hydrocarbons. The purpose of this paper is to familiarize readers with the important events in the life of Schorlemmer and his research activities and writing, in particular some of his experimental results, as well as his selected publications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the main results obtained from the wastewater behavior analysis in the National Center for Scientific Research Company. For this, the information of the analytical results issued by the accredited Laboratory "Group of Management of Technical Scientific Services-DECA" (according to the NC-ISO/IEC 17025:2017), was collected and analyzed, referring to the characterization of wastewater that are generated in the center, considering a period of 15 years of sustained work. The investigation considered two stages, an initial one in stable conditions of the activities of the institution and a second one, in which new discharges generated from the diversification of the productive processes and their impact on the environment are introduced. In addition, it took into account the legal framework protected by current Cuban regulations on wastewater discharges. The study allowed characterizing the liquid waste, not only from the physical-chemical point of view, but also from its biodegradability, the organic load disposed to the sewage system and its contribution to the community treatment system. In this way, the baseline is identified and established from which the behavior evaluation of discharges originating from the incorporation of new lines of production or services will be maintained, due to the reorganization of the enterprise towards sustainable marketing, with the control of compliance with environmental regulations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Richard Anschütz (1852-1937) was an important German chemist in the second half of the XIX century and the first quarter of the XX century. He carried out experimental studies in the field of organic chemistry. He proposed a new method for the synthesis of anthracene. He developed vacuum distillation. He prepared pure chloroform. He rescued the names of Archibald Scott Couper (1831-1892) and Joseph Loschmidt (1821-1895) from oblivion. The purpose of this paper is to familiarize readers with the important events in the life of Anschütz. In addition, literature on his selected articles and books is presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Edgar Fahs Smith (1854-1928) was one of the great American chemists. He has done a lot of experimental studies. He carried out researches in the fields of organic, inorganic, and analytical chemistry, elektrochemistry and mineralogy. He developed the rotating anode. He wrote many works in the field of history of American chemistry. The purpose of this paper is to familiarize readers with the important events in the life of Smith. In addition, his participation in the preparation of the first visit of Marie Curie (1867-1934) to the USA in 1921 is described and literature on his selected articles and books is presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ira Remsen (1846-1927) was one of the great American chemists. He carried out his experimental studies in the field of organic chemistry. In 1879, he became a co-discoverer of saccharin. He was the first professor of chemistry (1876-1901) and the second president (1901-1913) of the Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore. The purpose of this paper is to familiarize readers with the important events in the life of Remsen and his writing activities, in particular with his chemistry textbooks, well-known in various countries. In addition, literature on his selected articles is presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Clemens Alexander Winkler (1838-1904) was one of the prominent chemists of the second half of the XIX century. He was the founder of technical gas-analysis. He made major contributions both to pure and applied chemistry. He also developed a contact method for the production of sulfuric anhydride (sulfur trioxide) and discovered Germanium. The purpose of this paper is to familiarize readers with the important events in the life of Winkler and his research activities, in particular with his selected publications as well as with his writing activities, in particular with his books. In addition, literature on his correspondence with some great chemists is given. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Jean Antoine Chaptal (1756-1832) was one of the important chemists of the second half of the 18th century and the first half of 19th century. He wrote a number of works dealing with various branches of applied chemistry. The purpose of this paper is to familiarize readers with the important events in the life of Chaptal and his writing activities, in particular with his chemistry textbooks and books on applied chemistry, well-known in different countries. In addition, his research activities is briefly described. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ernst Julius Cohen (1869-1944) was an outstanding Dutch chemist and historian of chemistry of the second half of the XIX century and the first half of the XX century. He contributed to the fields of polymorphism, thermochemistry, electrochemistry and piezochemistry. He also studied physical isomerism. His experimental studies on allotropy has been published in a large number of publication. The purpose of this paper is to familiarize readers with the important events in the life of Cohen and his research activities, in particular with his selected publications as well as with his writing activities, in particular with his books. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sir Thomas Edward Thorpe (1845-1925) was one of the most prominent chemists of the second half of the 19th century. He studied phosphorus oxides and fluorine compounds. He is known for his works on the determination of the atomic weights of chemical elements and for his books on chemistry and the history of chemistry. The purpose of this paper is to familiarize readers with the important events in the life of Thorpe and his writing and research activities, in particular some of his experimental results, as well as his selected publications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Adolf von Baeyer (1835-1917) was the most prominent chemists of the second half of the 19th century and the early part of the twentieth century. He is known for his many works in the field of organic chemistry. He was the first to synthesize indigo. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1905. The purpose of this paper is to familiarize readers with the important events in the life of Baeyer and his research activities, in particular with selected results of his experimental studies as well as with his selected publications. In addition, literature on his correspondence is given. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sophus Mads Jørgensen (1837-1914) was one of the important chemists of the second half of the XIX century and the first decade of the XX century. He was one of the founders of the chemistry of complex compounds. He also made major contributions to the chemistry of platinum, cobalt, chromium and rhodium compounds. The purpose of this paper is to familiarize readers with the important events in the life of Jørgensen and his writing activities, in particular with his chemistry books. In addition, his research activities are briefly described. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hans Landolt (1831-1910) was one of the important chemists of the second half of the XIX century and the first decade of the XX century. The purpose of this paper is to familiarize readers with the important events in the life of Landolt and his writing activities, in particular with his chemistry books. In addition, his research activities is briefly described, and especially the chemical reaction named after him. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thomas Edward Thorpe (1845-1925) was one of the most prominent chemists of the second half of the 19th century. He studied phosphorus oxides and fluorine compounds. He is known for his works on the determination of the atomic weights of chemical elements and for his books on chemistry and the history of chemistry. The purpose of this paper is to familiarize readers with the important events in the life of Thorpe and his writing and research activities, in particular some of his experimental results, as well as his selected publications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Crude oil is a highly complex natural mixture consisting predominantly of hydrocarbons [alkanes (paraffins), alkenes (olefins), and aromatic compounds] and other elements such as sulfur, nitrogen, and oxygen. In Cuba, work is being done on the exploitation of new oilfields deposits in the Northern Cuban Oil Belt. The goal of this paper is to characterize the crude oils from the point of Reservoir Geochemistry, using the high-resolution gas chromatography technique and the study of the physicochemical properties, in samples from six oil wells from the western sector of the Varadero oilfield. The fingerprints of the crude oil were obtained, the star diagrams were constructed to establish the possibilities of communication between the wells, from the ratios between compounds. The main results obtained show the existence of better communication between wells VW1003 and VW1007 with a difference of 1.91%, with the rest of the wells studied behaving differently. In addition, the physicochemical properties of the oils were studied, the results of which show that they are extra-heavy oils, with high content of sulfur and asphaltenes and. These properties show the similarity in their commercial quality with the crude oil discovered in the other blocks of the Varadero field, characterized by heavy, extra-heavy, highly sulfurous crude oils, belonging to Family I of Cuban crude oils. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Johan Gadolin (1760-1852), considered the father of Finnish chemistry, was one of the leading chemists of the second half of the 18th century and the first half of the 19th century. His life and scientific achievements were described in the literature published between the 19th and 21st centuries. The purpose of this paper is to familiarize readers with the important events in the life of Gadolin and his research activities, in particular some of his research results, as well as his selected publications. In addition, the names of authors of biographical notes or biographies about Gadolin, published in 1839-2017 are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Victor von Richter (1841-1891) was one of the important chemists of the second half of the 19th century. The purpose of this paper is to familiarize readers with the important events in the life of Richter and his writing activities, in particular with his chemistry textbooks for higher education, well-known in different countries. In addition, his research activities is briefly described, and especially the chemical reactions named after him. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is well-known that during aging, several compounds are extracted from the oak barrels that have a positive influence on the sensory characteristics of the rum. The sensory improvement is the result of many transformations that take place among the rum distillate components and those of the oak wood. These involve reactions between constituents of the spirit, reactions between substances extracted from the wood and their oxidation, and reactions between the original compounds, extracted compounds, and those formed previously. For the aging of Cuban rum in oak barrels it has been necessary to import it and there are lots of barrels with the origin known, but others unknown. This paper analyzed the profile of oak volatile compounds of three lots coming from American, former Soviet Union and Yugoslavia and three lots of unknown origin. With maceration of oak chips with ethanol 55% v/v, extraction with dichloromethane and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis, 126 volatiles compounds were determined including phenol derivatives (40), esters (28), acids (17), alcohols (11), terpenes (10), aldehydes and ketones (8), acetals (4), furanic derivatives (3), lactones (3), and others with different functions (2). A total of 70 compounds showed statistical differences and the principal component and discriminant analysis classified the six lots in four groups: American, former Soviet Union and former Yugoslavia origin in different groups, two unknown origin lots in the same group with Yugoslavian lot and a remaining lot of unknown origin in a separate group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper describes the protection circuit designed as a technological improvement in OZONEY SL, Ozone Generator Equipment designed by engineers at National Center for Scientific Research. This ozone generator is utilized on treatment of water from 450l/h. Ambient air is used to produce ozone gas by means of high voltage. The new design was necessary because of the difficulties produced by absence of water supply for treatment. Some failures affect the equipment if it does not have water to treat. In this case some equipment installed in different organizations has been damaged, because the equipment has been designed to work automatically according to the consumption. To solve this problem a new block of Control and Protection was incorporated to protect the equipment. This paper describes the new control and protection circuit, the block diagrams and how to connect to the original equipment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper were implemented microanalysis methodologies by histochemical analysis, and infrared spectroscopy to determine the nature of the binder in paintings and Gas Chromatography (GC) coupled to Mass Spectrometry (MS) for identification of protein binders of common use in tempera technique with the aim of having these methods as part of the identification of artistic materials in Cuban cultural heritage carried out by Archaeometry Laboratory of Havana city's Historian Cabinet. The methodologies implemented were evaluated using model samples of traditional painting techniques with variable protein binder: yolk, egg white, casein, nut oil and animal glue; ageing for 5 years. The models samples were correctly identified. It was determined the interference of pigments with the presence of nitrogen by histochemical analysis with Amido Black dye. IR spectroscopy technique allowed to differentiate between oily and mixed (oil plus protein) techniques and tempera with yolk. Oily technique was identified in wall paintings of the New San Francisco church (xix century) and the Obrapía House (xvii century) and the technique of tempera with animal glue in the polychrome of the xviii century which represents St. John the Evangelist belonging to the San Juan de Letrán church. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Detectabuse™ extraction columns have been developed for the quantitative extraction of several families of drugs from biological fluids and due to their versatility and robustness they are, at present time, widely used in solid phase extraction procedures (SPE). One of their advantages is the ability to extract, in an efficient way, a wide range of compounds of the most common drugs of abuse, drugs of therapeutic activity and steroids excreted in free and conjugated form in urine. Detectabuse columns are used in doping for sample preparation in the analysis of anabolic steroids and other compounds excreted in urine and have, as main objective, to remove the inorganic salts excreted in the urine and to regulate the efficiency of the enzymatic hydrolysis process. This paper shows the results of the regeneration of these columns for their later use in screening procedures. The study was carried out with the following compounds: methenolone, methenolone metabolite, boldenone, boldenone metabolite, bolasterone metabolite, fluoxymesterone, drostanolone metabolite, mesterolone metabolite, methandienone metabolite1, danazol metabolite, 3′-hydroxystanozolol, 19-norandrosterone, methyltestosterone metabolite2, epimethendiol, clenbuterol, salbutamol, ethamivan, tetrahidrocannabinol carboxilic acid (thc metabolite), morphine, triamterene, testosterone, epitestosterone, androsterone, etiocholanolone, dehydroepiandrosterone, 16,16,17 -d3 testosterone and 17α-methyltestosterone. Intermediate blanks were included to discard the possibility of cross contamination of some substance from a sample to another. The absolute abundances obtained after a second and third uses of the columns were compared with those obtained with it first use starting with new columns, standard deviation and the variation coefficient were determined for each compound. A F-test for variances analysis and a Student's t-test for analysis of means were carried out. This paper shows that Detectabuse extraction columns can be reused twice with a previous rinse for screening proposes without affecting the quality of results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A bibliometric study on the scientific production of the Revista CENIC Ciencias Químicas during the period 1996-2005 was made. This serial publication is an official journal of the National Center for Scientific Research (NCSR), and its objective is the diffusion of outstanding and new results developed inside and outside the country in the branch of Chemical Sciences, mainly contributions on Analytical Chemistry, Chemical Physics, Inorganic and Organic Chemistry. The annual behaviour of the papers published in the journal is shown, as well as their typology. The predominance of original scientific papers can be observed. The authors with five or more papers during the studied period are presented, as well as the institutions and branches with a higher presence in the scientific production of the journal. The behaviour of the most productive branches from the NCSR, specifically the Chemical one, the Ozone Research Center, and the Center of Natural Products, is compared with the corresponding ones of important national institutions as the Faculty of Chemistry, the Institute of Materials and Reagents and the Center of Biomaterials, all belonging to the University of Havana, and the Center of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, the Institute of Food Industry Research, and the Higher Polytechnic Institute "José Antonio Echeverría". The transparency in the publishing policy for the selection of papers was evidenced. The necessity to revise the journal diffusion, promotion, distribution and visibility policies, in order to achieve the indicators of international presence and collaboration, was demonstrated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The results of the numerous assays carried out under natural conditions have demonstrated that the corrosion velocities in certain atmospheres show magnitudes having appreciable differences in some places with regard to other, what justifies the interest to know the environmental variables that influence decisively in the atmospheric corrosion and originate a great dispersion of the results. For the evaluation and justification of the corrosive aggressiveness of some stations of natural assays, climatological characterization through environmental data has been used. For that reasons the exposition and analysis of some results of natural and accelerated corrosion assays, is the central objective of this paper, with the intention of explaining the higher corrosive aggressiveness of the natural corrosion assays station of Cojímar, placed in Havana City. Environmental data, corresponding of three different stations of natural assays in different countries, including Cojímar station in Cuba, are showed. For two of the stations, the influence of atmospheric pollutants is used in the definition of their corrosive aggressiveness degree. Some results, which were obtained before, consisting of the comparative study of the behaviour of certain metallic coating systems, usually used for the protection of steel in front of atmospheric corrosion in natural and accelerated assays, have been explained in this paper. All such studies have facilitated the comparative analysis of the influence of the environmental characteristics in the corrosive aggressiveness of the station of Cojímar. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cymbopogon citratus (D.C.) Stapf., commonly known as lemongrass or "hierba luisa", is widely cultivated in many tropical and subtropical regions due to its aromaticand medicinal properties. The essential oil from leaves has many pharmacological activities reported. The present paper reports the chemical composition and the antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of the essential oil of leaves from plants grown in the Amazonian Ecuador. The essential oil was obtained by steam distillation. Analyses of the essential oil were performed by gas chromatography with flame ionization and mass selective detectors. Seventy compounds were identified in the essential oil. Oxygenated compounds were the most represented class of volatiles (86%), including neral (33.2 %) and geranial (39.8 %) as major compounds. Monoterpene hydrocarbons were the second class (10.7 %) with myrcene (9.6 %) as predominant. Antioxidant properties of the essential oil were determined by ABTS and FRAP methods. The essential oil had a low radical-scavenging activity and it showed ferric reducing capacity, while it has antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella Enteritidis, followed by E.coli and very low against Bacillus subtilis, Aspergillus niger and Pennicilium citrinum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) is a rhizomatous herbaceous perennial plant widely cultivated in the tropical and subtropical regions of the world. The essential oil from rhizomes has many pharmacological activities reported. The present paper reports the chemical composition and the antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of the essential oil from rhizomes grown in the Amazonian Ecuador. The essential oil was obtained by steam distillation. Analyses of the essential oil were performed by gas chromatography with flame ionization and mass selective detectors. Eighty-eight compounds were identified in the essential oil. Oxygenated compounds were the most represented class of volatiles (63.6%), including ar-turmerone (45.5%) and a-turmerone (13.4%) as major compounds. Sesquiterpene hydrocarbons were the second class (18.0%) with α-zingiberene (5.3%) as predominant. Another major constituent was the monoterpene hydrocarbon α-phellandrene (6.3%). Antioxidant properties of the essential oil were determined by radical-scavenging capacity of the oil (DPPH) and ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) methods. The essential oil had a low antioxidant activity by both methods, while it has antimicrobial activity against gram positive bacteria (Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus) and Pennicilium citrinum. No antimicrobial activity was found against Escherichia coli, Salmonella Enteritidis and Aspergillus niger. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Construction steel of oil facilities manifests different affectations for corrosion phenomenon. One of the main causes constitutes for corrosion is the presence of the accompanying water of the petroleum. The one mentioned corrosive medium it is conductive of the electric current and for their varied composition: carbon dioxide (CO2), hydrogen sulphide (H2S) and chlorides in dissolution, they generate inside corrosion. As a result of this process, they corrosion products are formed such as: iron sulphide (II) and iron carbonate (II) in dependence of the operation conditions: temperature, the corrosive agent's concentration and pressure. In the present paper the fundamental objective was to establish at laboratory scale the chemical and morphology composition of the corrosion products that are formed during the construction pipelines steel corrosion, in a saline polluted medium with carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulphide to 70°C, according at operation conditions. The spectroscopy dispersive of rays X energy technique allowed the obtaining the elementary composition of the chemical compounds and bay rays X diffraction were detected iron oxihydroxides: lepidocrocite (- FeOOH) and goethite (- FeOOH) . The Scanning Electron Microscopy identified different morphologies: lengthened cubes, splinter, floral structure, muddy or cracked sedimentary and sandy, those that are composed mainly by iron and oxygen. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Moringa (M.) oleifera is highly valued worldwide because of its properties. The seed is one of the usable parts of the tree because of its oil content between 30 % and 45 %. This paper aims to develop the oil extraction from seeds of M. oleifera, Supergenius variety (var.) of Cuban origin using hexane as solvent. The extraction percentaje was set as the response variable in the factorial 22 experimental design. The solute-solvent ratio and the extraction time were the studied factors at two levels. Both factors significantly influenced the response variable, with associated P values less than 0.05. The obtained mathematical model explained the behavior of the response variable at 91.45 %. An adjustment of the extraction time was developed in order to ensure energy saving. Physical and chemical characteristics and the fatty acid profile of the extracted oil agree with several reports of M. oleifera varieties. The difference is shown in terms of the acid content value. The rheological behavior of M. oleifera var. Supergenius oil was found to be Newtonian in nature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Carl Schorlemmer (1834-1892), the first professor of organic chemistry in the Owens College, Manchester (and in England), was the prominent Anglo-German chemist and historian of chemistry of the second half of the 19th century. He studied the constitution of paraffinic hydrocarbons. The purpose of this paper is to familiarize readers with the important events in the life of Schorlemmer and his research activities and writing, in particular some of his experimental results, as well as his selected publications.

Ira Remsen (1846-1927) was one of the great American chemists. He carried out his experimental studies in the field of organic chemistry. In 1879, he became a co-discoverer of saccharin. He was the first professor of chemistry (1876-1901) and the second president (1901-1913) of the Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore. The purpose of this paper is to familiarize readers with the important events in the life of Remsen and his writing activities, in particular with his chemistry textbooks, well-known in various countries. In addition, literature on his selected articles is presented

Richard Anschütz (1852-1937) was an important German chemist in the second half of the XIX century and the first quarter of the XX century. He carried out experimental studies in the field of organic chemistry. He proposed a new method for the synthesis of anthracene. He developed vacuum distillation. He prepared pure chloroform. He rescued the names of Archibald Scott Couper (1831-1892) and Joseph Loschmidt (1821-1895) from oblivion. The purpose of this paper is to familiarize readers with the important events in the life of Anschütz. In addition, literature on his selected articles and books is presented.

Ernst Julius Cohen (1869-1944) was an outstanding Dutch chemist and historian of chemistry of the second half of the XIX century and the first half of the XX century. He contributed to the fields of polymorphism, thermochemistry, electrochemistry and piezochemistry. He also studied physical isomerism. His experimental studies on allotropy has been published in a large number of publication. The purpose of this paper is to familiarize readers with the important events in the life of Cohen and his research activities, in particular with his selected publications as well as with his writing activities, in particular with his books

Adolf von Baeyer (1835-1917) was the most prominent chemists of the second half of the 19th century and the early part of the twentieth century. He is known for his many works in the field of organic chemistry. He was the first to synthesize indigo. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1905. The purpose of this paper is to familiarize readers with the important events in the life of Baeyer and his research activities, in particular with selected results of his experimental studies as well as with his selected publications. In addition, literature on his correspondence is given

Sir Thomas Edward Thorpe (1845-1925) was one of the most prominent chemists of the second half of the 19th century. He studied phosphorus oxides and fluorine compounds. He is known for his works on the determination of the atomic weights of chemical elements and for his books on chemistry and the history of chemistry. The purpose of this paper is to familiarize readers with the important events in the life of Thorpe and his writing and research activities, in particular some of his experimental results, as well as his selected publications

Edgar Fahs Smith (1854-1928) was one of the great American chemists. He has done a lot of experimental studies. He carried out researches in the fields of organic, inorganic, and analytical chemistry, elektrochemistry and mineralogy. He developed the rotating anode. He wrote many works in the field of history of American chemistry. The purpose of this paper is to familiarize readers with the important events in the life of Smith. In addition, his participation in the preparation of the first visit of Marie Curie (1867-1934) to the USA in 1921 is described and literature on his selected articles and books is presented

Clemens Alexander Winkler (1838-1904) was one of the prominent chemists of the second half of the XIX century. He was the founder of technical gas-analysis. He made major contributions both to pure and applied chemistry. He also developed a contact method for the production of sulfuric anhydride (sulfur trioxide) and discovered Germanium. The purpose of this paper is to familiarize readers with the important events in the life of Winkler and his research activities, in particular with his selected publications as well as with his writing activities, in particular with his books. In addition, literature on his correspondence with some great chemists is given

Jean Antoine Chaptal (1756-1832) was one of the important chemists of the second half of the 18th century and the first half of 19th century. He wrote a number of works dealing with various branches of applied chemistry. The purpose of this paper is to familiarize readers with the important events in the life of Chaptal and his writing activities, in particular with his chemistry textbooks and books on applied chemistry, well-known in different countries. In addition, his research activities is briefly described

The unsaturated fatty acids (FA) are degraded generating a high number of compounds, hence the study of this phenomenon resulting from high complexity. From the Cuban royal palm fruits, a lipid extract mainly compound by a mixture of free FA between 8 and 18 carbon atoms, with possible applications as nutraceutic and/or medicine is obtained. In this mixture, the presence of unsaturated FA like oleic and linoleic, could provoke autoxidation processes that affect their efficacy and safety. Taking to account that autoxidation products from R. regia lipid extract are unknown until now, in this paper its degradation products formed by oxidation, photolysis and thermolysis were determined. The organoleptic characteristics, peroxide (PV) and tiobarbituric acid values (TBAV), and contents of conjugated dienes (CD) and FA contents were determined in samples of the extract subjected to oxidation (hydrogen peroxide), photolysis (UV light) and thermolysis (80 °C and 185 °C), and their results were compared with those of a sample without degradation. It was determined that the oxidation was the one that caused the biggest degradation in the unsaturated FA, as well as the biggest PV, while the thermolysis went the one that bore to bigger contents of TBAV and CD. The above-mentioned evidences that the imposed stress conditions achieved the degradation of the extract, in a similar way that its happens in the vegetable oils with low contents of polyunsaturated FA, achieving preliminarily determine, so the main groups of compounds generated from the forced degradation of Roystonea regia lipid extract. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In today's competitive world, organizations are called to work effectively to find quick and efficient solutions. Integrated Management Systems (IMS), are pillars to support the urgent need to improve the competitiveness of enterprises and their demonstrated ability, through certification and / or accreditation to provide effective solutions to the most pressing problems of society. While there is profuse literature that studies the subject of integration; practical applications for environmental research are scarce. This paper presents a model of IMS, based on the NC standards ISO / IEC 17025: 2006 and NC-ISO 9001: 2008 for a research división on environmental sciences in biocubafarma. The GIS model designed ensures compliance with the specific requirements of these standards; and compliance with the NC PAS 99: 2008. The unified management of the documentation contributed to significantly reduce the overall size of the IMS. The proposed methodology ensures throughout the implementation stages of the Deming cycle, a requirement necessary to meet the improvement process. This model was the main basis for the preparation of the IMS Manual of Environmental Sciences Division at CNIC. It is flexible, meets the common requirements which bring together all management systems and can be used as a model for integrating management systems in the Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Industries of Latin American countries, and it is accessible for adaptation to change, regarding new approaches to what will be the ISO 9001: 2015. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hans Landolt (1831-1910) was one of the important chemists of the second half of the XIX century and the first decade of the XX century. The purpose of this paper is to familiarize readers with the important events in the life of Landolt and his writing activities, in particular with his chemistry books. In addition, his research activities is briefly described, and especially the chemical reaction named after him.

Sophus Mads Jørgensen (1837-1914) was one of the important chemists of the second half of the XIX century and the first decade of the XX century. He was one of the founders of the chemistry of complex compounds. He also made major contributions to the chemistry of platinum, cobalt, chromium and rhodium compounds. The purpose of this paper is to familiarize readers with the important events in the life of Jørgensen and his writing activities, in particular with his chemistry books. In addition, his research activities are briefly described

The generation and management of knowledge is central to the development of new technologies and products especially those related to emerging technologies. The success of the R + D + i in the specific case of nanotechnology will be closely linked to the integration of knowledge generated in the different stages during the life cycle of the R + D + i. This paper aims to analyze influence of knowledge generated from the information contained in patent documents in an R & D related to carbon nanoonions. To achieve the objective the Methodology for the Generation and Knowledge Management (MGGC) it was used as a source of information and are mainly used the information contained in patent documents, which was processed for later viewing and analysis. The results obtained show the positive impact of the socialization of knowledge generated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Patent information is an indispensable source of scientific and technical information technological development. This information must be analyzed, filtered, summarized and grouped so that it can be useful in the pharmaceutical field. Colloidal systems (mesophases), are one of the most important for the development of nanotechnology, new formulations and treatments as well as to achieve increased bioavailability and stability of pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, nutritional supplements topics including because its particle size is characterized by physicochemical properties of classical physics and quantum physics. This paper aims to set priorities for the development of colloidal systems for the pharmaceutical, cosmetic and other industries, from the trend in this area identified from patentability studies of microemulsions. The main variables used in this study are the number of patents filed and granted, principal inventors and applicants or holders and key applications. Patentscope® data base was used. The correlation of variables was performed using a random sample of the total population of evaluated applications between the findings patents was determined that there is an upward trend in the number of requested and granted microemulsions related patents in the selected period. The study allowed the management of a strategy of technological development in the pharmaceutical field microemulsions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]