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The D002, mixture of fatty alcohols (C24 - C34) extracted and purified from Apis mellifera beeswax, constitutes the active ingredient of Abexol® tablets, which have antioxidant and gastroprotective effects. The broadening of our exports to new markets has required the inclusion of new climate zones in the stability studies. In the present work the stability of three new industrial batches were studied under conditions of forced degradation, accelerated stability for 12 months (40 ºC and 75% RH) and long-term stability in climatic zones II and IV. The total alcohol content was determined by capillary gas chromatography, additionally losses on drying, organoleptic characteristics and formation of degradation products were determined. The results shown that under forced degradation conditions (acid and base hydrolysis, oxidation, thermolysis and photolysis) degradation products were not developed and alcohol contents were not affected. Otherwise, the accelerated and long-term studies also demonstrated the high stability of D002, since the alcohol contents and the other quality specifications were not affected. The results confirm a shelf life of at least three years, which is consistent with those reported in previous studies of stability of D002 and its manufactured forms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Leonotis nepetaefolia (L.) R.Br. specie, known as Bastón de San Francisco, has been used in Cuba for medicinal and ornamental purposes. However, the fatty acid (FA) composition of the seed oil obtained from this species in our country has not been reported. Taking into account these facts, the aim of this work was to determine the FA constituents of L. nepetaefolia seeds oil. Seeds were collected, milled and extracted with hexane in an ultrasonic bath. The extracts (n=2) were filtered and the solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure in a rotary evaporator at 60 °C. Organoleptic characteristics and extraction yields of the oils were determined. The content of FAs, analysed as methyl esters, were determined by gas chromatography with a BPX-70 capillary column and a flame ionization detector. A light yellow oil with peculiar odor was obtained, yielding 28.2% (w/w). The main FAs found were oleic (C18:1 n-9; 43,2%), laballenic (C18:2 n-5,6; 18,4%), palmitic (C16:0; 15,0%), linoleic (C18:2 n-9,12; 13,4%), and stearic (C18:0; 5,7%), while other fatty acids, such as C12:0 to C16:0, C16:1 (n-7 y n-9), C17:0, C18:1 (n-7), C18:3 (n-9,12,15), C20:0, C20:1 (n-11), C22:0, and C24:0 were found in proportions < 1%. Overall, the FAs content is in good agreement with that described in literature for this species. These results represent the first study of the chemical composition of the oil from this species growing in Cuba and could contribute to support its potential medicinal and nutritional uses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

El artículo discurre sobre la determinación de los componentes del aceite de semillas de Salvia coccinea. Los autores comentan sobre el uso de cromatografía de gases acoplada a espectrometría de masas (CG-EM) para examinar y analizar estos componentes. También se consideran los extractos acuosos e hidroalcohólicos de las semillas.

El artículo discurre sobre la composición química del aceite esencial en Melaleuca quinquenervia, un tipo de árbol. Los autores comentan sobre los aceites esenciales en las partes aéreas del árbol y describen los métodos asociados con la cuantificación de los aceites. También se ofrece una tabla demostrando los tipos de aceites evidentes en el árbol.

Abexol® tablets, with 50mg fatty alcohols from 24 to 34 carbon atoms, extracted and purified from Apis mellifera beeswax, are commercialized in several countries because of their antioxidant and gastroprotective effects. Samples from three batches of Abexol® 50mg tablets packed in white high density polyethylene flasks (Rainbow & Nature, Sydney, Australia) and in polyvinyl chloride-aluminum blisters were put into cardboard boxes and kept under climatic conditions of the zone IV (30 ± 2 °C, 70 ± 5 % of relative humidity) for five years. All parameters tested were within specifications throughout the whole study: appearance (white tablets with intact surfaces), average weight (initial average weight ± 7.5 %), total content of the six fatty alcohols (50 ± 3.75 mg), disintegration time (< 15 min), hardness (> 3 kg/cm²) and microbiological content (≤ 1000 bacteria/g and ≤ 100 fungi/g, absence of E. coli, S. aureus, Pseudomonas, Salmonella and C. albicans). The results of the present study support that Abexol® 50 mg tablets, stored at the conditions of the climatic zone IV, in both containers, have a shelf life of five years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The mixture of fatty alcohols extracted and purified from the Apis mellifera beeswax, composes the active ingredient of the Abexol® tablets, which show antioxidant and gastroprotective effects. Samples from three batches of Abexol® tablets with doses of 50 mg fatty alcohols (Rainbow & Nature, LIPA Pharmaceuticals LTD, Sydney, Australia), packed in high density polyetylene flasks, were put in cardboard boxes, as secondary packaging, and were kept in the ambient conditions of the climatic zone IV: (30 ± 2) °C and (70 ± 5) % of relative humidity for three years. During all the study, the assayed parameters fulfilled the quality specifications of these tablets: appearance (white tablets), average weight (initial average weight ± 10 %), fatty alcohols content (50 mg ± 5 mg), hardness (> 3 kgf), disintegration time (< 30 min) and microbiological content (≤ 1000 bacteria/g and ≤ 100 fungi/g, absence of Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas, Salmonella and Candida albicans). The results of the study support a shelf live of at least three years for this dosage form in climatic zone IV conditions, which is consistent with the results of a previous stability study of Abexol® tablets manufactured in Cuba and packed in blisters of polyvinyl chloride and aluminum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The biogas and as the Gas Companion of the Petroleum (GCP) are importants sources of energies that are composed fundamentally by hydrocarbons, Carbon Dioxide (CO2(g)) and Hydrogen Sulphide (H2S(g)) and others, the first contribute the energy content and the other they are not desired in none of the two energetic bearers; due to that are damaging at environment, human health and economics loss, besides reducing energy content. The traditional technologies to purify these energies are based fundamentally in the employment of physical methods -- chemical, which they are difficult of apply in developing countries as Cuba. In this work develops a biological procedure for the purification of these sources of energy, the methods used employs residuals and small dose of oxygen, which turns out to be very economic set against other traditional methods. As a consequence of the work is shown like the present microbic flora in the residuals (sewers) is capable of purifying so much the biogas as Gas Companion of the Petroleum (GCP), permitting to utilize energies sources without causing damages al environment, since reduces the presence fundamentally of Hydrogen Sulphide (H2S(g)) and also Carbon Dioxide (CO2(g)) in the same. To develop the work different experiences were carried out and tools of Chemical Engineering were utilized that enable presenting in the results, different technological proposals for both sources of energy, that including severals variants in each case. The Net Present Value was determined for all alternatives.. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

El artículo ofrece información sobre el ingrediente D005 que se extrae de la Acrocomia crispa fruta. Diversos temas que se abordarán incluyen su efecto antiinflamatorio, su uso comercial y su detección mediante la técnica de cromatografía de gases. También presenta dos tablas mostrando su caracterización y composición de ácidos grasos en él.

The unsaturated fatty acids (FA) are degraded generating a high number of compounds, hence the study of this phenomenon resulting from high complexity. From the Cuban royal palm fruits, a lipid extract mainly compound by a mixture of free FA between 8 and 18 carbon atoms, with possible applications as nutraceutic and/or medicine is obtained. In this mixture, the presence of unsaturated FA like oleic and linoleic, could provoke autoxidation processes that affect their efficacy and safety. Taking to account that autoxidation products from R. regia lipid extract are unknown until now, in this paper its degradation products formed by oxidation, photolysis and thermolysis were determined. The organoleptic characteristics, peroxide (PV) and tiobarbituric acid values (TBAV), and contents of conjugated dienes (CD) and FA contents were determined in samples of the extract subjected to oxidation (hydrogen peroxide), photolysis (UV light) and thermolysis (80 °C and 185 °C), and their results were compared with those of a sample without degradation. It was determined that the oxidation was the one that caused the biggest degradation in the unsaturated FA, as well as the biggest PV, while the thermolysis went the one that bore to bigger contents of TBAV and CD. The above-mentioned evidences that the imposed stress conditions achieved the degradation of the extract, in a similar way that its happens in the vegetable oils with low contents of polyunsaturated FA, achieving preliminarily determine, so the main groups of compounds generated from the forced degradation of Roystonea regia lipid extract. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A compilation of the studies carried out in the Center of Natural Products of the National Center for Scientific Research about the obtaining of crude oil from 11 species of palms (Arecaceae) that grow in Cuba (Veitchia merrillii, Caryota urens, Wodyetia bifurcata, Serenoa repens, Thrinax radiata, Roystonea regia, Colpothrinax wrightii, Sabal maritima, Sabal palmetto, Ptychosperma elegans and Livistona chinensis) is presented. The yields of oil extraction from the ripe whole-fruits, dried and milled, were between 0.6% and 25.5%. Such oils were semisolids or oleaginous liquids of different tonalities of brown, with characteristic odors, lightly aromatic. These oils showed free fatty acids contents between 1.2 and 70.2 %, and total fatty acids contents between 58.4 and 89.7 %, with palmitic (9.2 - 52.2 %) and oleic (9.6 - 42.7 %) as the main acids. In all the oils lauric (0.6 - 44.3 %), myristic (0.5 - 22.4%), stearic (1.7 - 6.1%), linoleic (3.5 - 28.5 %) and linolenic (0.1 - 3.4%) acids were also present; while palmitoleic (0.1-3.7 %), caproic (0-2.2 %), caprilic (0.1-2.8 %), capric (0.1-2.5 %), pentadecanoic (0.1- 0.5 %), heptadecanoic (0.2-0.7 %), uneicosanoic (0.1-0.2 %), eicosenoic (0.1-0.3 %) and docosaenoic (0.1-0.2 %) acids only appeared in some ones. The showed results could motivate the cultivation and better use of several of these natural resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The D-004 is an active ingredient obtained from the fruits of the Cuban royal palm (Roystonea regia). It is mainly composed by a mixture of free fatty acids between 8 and 18 carbon atoms, with potential use in the treatment of the benign prostatic hyperplasia. Although batches of this substance, obtained at laboratory scale and packed in amber glass flasks, demonstrated to have a shelf life of 24 months in zones IV and II, the increase of its production to pilot scale demanded new studies that allowed defining the shelf life of batches obtained under the new conditions. Three pilot batches, packed in amber glass flasks, were stored in cardboard boxes under conditions of temperature and humidity corresponding to climatic zones IV (30 ºC/70 % RH) and II (25 ºC/ 60 % RH), and from the initial time until 51 months, quality parameters in samples randomly selected were determined. It was demonstrated that D-004 active ingredient obtained at pilot scale, under these storage conditions, maintained the following parameters: oleaginous liquid greenish brown color as organoleptic characteristics, contents of unsaponifiable matter between 1.2 and 2.7%, content of fatty acids between 86.6 and 95.4%, and the microbiological content specified by the international organisms for this kind of product. In this way, it was demonstrated that D-004 fulfilled their quality specifications during times that exceeded those obtained with laboratory batches. This investigation allowed determining that the studied active ingredient presents shelf lives of 33 and 48 months in the climatic zones IV and II, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The family Arecaceae is broadly distributed in Cuba, where around 97 species of palms are found, 90 % of them are endemic. Fruit extracts of some palms have shown to be effective in different experimental models, such as prostatic hyperplasia. In additions they have demonstrated anti-inflammatory, analgesic, immunomodulating, healing, antithrombotic, vasodilator; antioxidant and hypoglycemic effects. Acrocomia crispa is a Cuban endemic species of this family, which has been little studied until present. Werefore, the objective of the present work was to perfom a preliminary phytochemical screening of Acrocomia crispa fruits, searching the different groups of occurring compounds, which want be related to some pharmacological properties, and determining the composition of its lipid fraction. The collected fruits were washed, disinfected, dried and milled. The phytochemical screening revealed the occurrence of fixed oils, fenols, flavonoids, starch, saponins and mucilages; the doubtful presence of alkaloids, coumarins, triterpens and steroids as well as the total absence of emodins, anthracenic and cianogenetic glycosids. The lipid extract, which yielded a 12 %, was composed of a mixture of fatty acids between 8 and 18 carbon atoms, where the lauric, miristic and oleic acids were the most abundant. These results merit carry out further chemical and pharmacological studies from extracts of these fruits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]