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Cholera is an acute diarrheal disease caused by the presence of Vibrio cholerae O1 in the small intestine after ingestion the food or water contaminated with Vibrio cholerae O1. In particular, attenuated vaccines seem to be one of the most promising variants and for their approval, is necessary clinical evaluation. The Cuban Regulatory Agency, Center for State Control of Drugs, Medical Equipment and Devices (CECMED) has among the requirements the elimination the vaccine strain in clinical trial volunteers before being discharged. It is, therefore, necessary to determine the pattern of susceptibility to antimicrobial therapy used in vaccine strains under question. The aim of this investigation was to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility of V. cholerae vaccine strains and the following antimicrobial agents were used: Azithromycin, Tetracycline and Ciprofloxacin and tested by three different methods: the semi-automated system DIRAMIC-10, the minimal inhibitory concentration and agar diffusion (Kirby Bauer). We analyzed nine strains of V. cholerae, which included the Cuban CV638 oral vaccine candidate as well as other three strains, obtained from a strain O139 serogroup. The results obtained by the three methods showed that the strains are sensitive to the antibiotics studied. Therefore, they could be used for decontamination of the vaccine strain in volunteers, submitted to clinical trials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A retrospective study of the susceptibility of a data-base of a group of microorganisms isolated was undertaken over the period January 2000-December 2007 at the Sancti Spiritus province hospital "José Martí y Pérez" with DIRAMIC System. The values were obtained and processed using the Microbiological Surveillance System version 6.1 (equipment's component tool). A total of 4 695 strains, 3 766 from the external consultation and 929 from the hospital were analyzed. The most frequently isolated germs were Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Proteus mirabilis from bacteriemia, urinary tract infections, otic secretions, skin and soft tissue lesions and upper respiratory tract infections. Escherichia coli resistance was higher in hospital than external consultation, (p = 0.02) to ampicilin (63.2 % vs. 71.0 %) and gentamicin (28.2 % vs. 35.8 %). Proteus mirabilis resistance was higher in external consultation than in hospital, with significance (p = 0.02) to cefazolin (63.6 % vs. 40.0 %) and (p = 0.005) norfloxacin (26.7 % vs. 12.5 %). Pseudomonas aeruginosa resistance was higher in hospital than in external consultation, with significance (p = 0.04) to gentamicin (26.3 % vs. 37.8 %). Staphylococcus aureus oxacillin resistant represents more than 70 % of the isolates, even in the external consultation like in the hospital. It's necessary to narrow surveillance of the future susceptibility behavior of these drugs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The first national report of results obtained by users of the National DIRAMIC System Network is presented, 8 459 assays were included. The data were analyzed using the software "Mapas Microbianos", it allows to know the circulating microorganism and its antibiotic susceptibility patterns. It was verified that the majority of antibiotics tested keep its effectiveness, even the oldest one, and that the most used one present the highest microbial resistance levels. This kind of work gives a valuable information for the antibiotics resistance surveillance, to design use policies and for the antibiotic selection in empiric therapies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The first report of results obtained by users of the National DIRAMIC System Network is presents, 8459 assays were included. The data were analyzed using the software "Mapas Microbianos", it allow to know the circulating microorganism and its antibiotic susceptibility patterns. Was verify that the majority of antibiotics tested keep its effectiveness, even the oldest, and that the more used present the highest microbial resistance levels. This kind of work give a valuable information for the antibiotics resistance surveillance, to design use policies and for the antibiotic selection in empiric therapies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The 2004 report on the antibiogram results obtained from the DIRAMIC system Cuban network users is presented. The amount of assays was 2210. The data were processed using the Microbiological Surveillance system V 6.0, the programming system to obtain the different circulating microorganisms and their antibiotics used susceptibility, as well as to know the antibiotic susceptibility patterns. The global frequency of appearance of isolated pathogens and their distribution for the different samples are presented. The most frequently isolates germs were: Escherichia coli, Proteus sp., Klebsiella sp., Shigella sp., Enterobacter sp., coagulase-negative Staphylococcus, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas sp. The most frequently examined samples were: blood culture, urine culture, pharynx exudate, coproculture and nasal exudate. Antibiotics like chloramphenicol, amikacin, gentamycin, kanamycin and ciprofloxacin have low resistance levels. But the other group of antibiotics like: penicillin, ampicillin, cephazolin, sulfamethoxazole + trimethoprim and ceftriaxone have a high resistance levels, over 50 %, and their use has to be observed in a short time. The antibiotics used keep working, and it was proved. This kind of work gives valuable information to define the antibiotic policy to be used knowing the antibiotics resistance level. It's also possible to select the appropriate antibiotic to be used in the empirical therapy, as well as to recommend that a specific antibiotic is not used when it presents low susceptibility levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The report on the antibiogram results obtained from the DIRAMIC system Cuban network users is presented. The amount of assays was 3853 in 2002, 3291 in 2003 and 2210 in 2004. The data were processed using the Microbiological Surveillance system V 6.0, the programming system to obtain the different circulating microorganisms and their antibiotics used susceptibility, as well as to know the antibiotic susceptibility patterns. The global frequency of appearance of isolated pathogens and their distribution for the different samples are presented. The most frequently isolated germs were: Escherichia coli, Proteus sp., Klebsiella sp., Enterobacter sp., coagulase-negative Staphylococcus, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas sp. The most frequently examined samples were: blood culture, urine culture and nasal exudate. Antibiotics like chloramphenicol, amikacin, gentamycin, kanamycin and ciprofloxacin have low resistance levels. But the other groups of antibiotics like: penicillin, ampicillin, cephazolin, sulfamethoxazole + trimethoprim and ceftriaxone have a high resistance level, over 50 %, and their use has to be observed in a short time. The antibiotics used keep working, and it was proved. A resistance level increase was appreciated in 2003 with regards to 2002. This kind of work gives valuable information to define the antibiotic policy to be used knowing the antibiotic resistance level. It's also possible to select the appropriate antibiotic to be used in the empirical therapy, as well as to study the possibility to perform a cycling drug selection based on local surveillance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The 2002-2004 report on the antibiogram results obtained from the DIRAMIC system Cuban network users is presented. The amount of assays was 3853 in 2002, 3291 in 2003 and 2210 in 2004. The data were processed using the Microbiological Surveillance system V 6.0, the programming system to obtain the different circulating microorganisms and their antibiotics used susceptibility, as well as to know the antibiotic susceptibility patterns. The global frequency of appearance of isolated pathogens in the uroculture samples are presented. The most frequently isolates germs were: Escherichia coli, Proteus sp., Klebsiella sp., Enterobacter sp., coagulase-negative Staphylococcus, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas sp. Antibiotics like gentamycin and ciprofloxacin have low resistance levels. But the other group of antibiotics like: ampicillin and sulfamethoxazole + trimethoprim have a high resistance levels, over 50 %, and their use has to be observed in a short time. The antibiotics used keep working, and it was proved. This kind of work gives valuable information to define the antibiotic policy to be used knowing the antibiotics resistance level. It's also possible to select the appropriate antibiotic to be used in the empirical therapy, as well as to recommend that a specific antibiotic is not used when it presents low susceptibility levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]