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ABSTRACT Purpose: to assess the universal neonatal hearing screening program using quality indicators. Methods: the records of newborns who were submitted to the neonatal hearing screening in 2018 were analyzed, comparing the data with the first five quality indicators established by the national guideline for neonatal hearing screening attention: 1) rate of screening coverage (≥95%); 2) age at the screening in months (up to the first month of life); 3) rate of referrals for diagnosis (2% to 4%); 4) rate of attendance to diagnostic examination (≥90%); 5) age at confirmed diagnosis (up to the third month of life). The data were submitted to quantitative and descriptive statistical analysis. Results: the rate of coverage, age at screening, and the number of referrals for diagnosis met the indicators established by the national guideline. The rate of attendance to diagnostic examination fell short of the expected, and the age at confirmed diagnosis was verified in 70% of the cases. Conclusion: using the quality indicators furnished important data on the effectiveness of the neonatal hearing screening program and identified opportunities to improve the service, which can help identify hearing loss, early.

ABSTRACT Purpose: to describe the results of a neonatal hearing health program and verify whether there is an association between the presence of risk indicators for hearing loss and failure in the tests and diagnosis. Methods: a one-cohort, observational, retrospective study with secondary data contained in a spreadsheet concerning the family’s sociodemographic condition, clinical history, and examination results of 7,800 participants who were submitted to hearing screening between 2010 and 2016. Absolute frequency and percentages were used in the description of the first and second stages. In the association between risk indicators and failures in the otoacoustic emissions, the odds ratio, confidence interval, and significance level at 0.5% were used. Results: the risk indicators in 8 out of the 12 infants presented with hearing loss were ototoxic medication and intensive care unit (ICU) stay, whereas the likelihood of failure in the otoacoustic emissions occurred along with 11 indicators. The likelihood of a diagnosis of hearing loss was 13 times greater when there was a risk indicator, 18 times greater when an ototoxic medication had been used, and 16.62 times greater when they stayed in ICUs. Conclusion: the results show that knowing the indicators leads to considering the actions the team in charge should take.

ABSTRACT Purpose: to validate an indicator matrix to assess the Neonatal Hearing Screening Program (NHSP). Methods: methodology development research. A total of 13 speech-language-hearing therapists with a specialization in audiology and/or at least three-year experience in neonatal hearing screening participated in the validation process. Quantitative and qualitative data were collected to develop the indicator matrix, which was then submitted to the validation process. The results of the specialists’ evaluation, in this stage, were quantitatively analyzed with the item content validation index (I-CVI) and scale content validation index (S-CVI). Results: regarding the indicators classified as quite or fully adequate, the mean I-CVI was the same as the mean S-CVI (0.95), evidencing excellence in their content validity. Concerning the scores classified as quite or fully adequate, the I-CVI mean was also identical to that of S-CVI (0.83), thus, reaching a consensus. Conclusion: this matrix with 33 indicators that had their content validated with consensus, will consistently contribute to assessing NHS services in Brazil.

ABSTRACT Purpose: to develop and validate the logical model of the Neonatal Hearing Screening Program in the hearing health network. Methods: a methodological developmental research aimed to build the logical model of the Neonatal Hearing Screening Program and validate its content through a “consensus conference”. The research was carried out in three stages: 1) Literature review, analysis of the normative documents, and official recommendations regarding the Neonatal Hearing Screening; 2) Development of the logical model; 3) Validation of the logical model through rounds of consultation with specialists. Results: based on the documentary analysis, the logical model was designed in three dimensions: (1) Education in Hearing Health, (2) Neonatal Hearing Screening, and (3) Administration. It was validated based on the judgment of specialists in the field. After the validation process, three variables in the “process” and one in the “structure” aspects, were adjusted, whereas another two aspects in “process” were excluded. Conclusion: the logical model presented the dimensions, activities, and results of the Neonatal Hearing Screening Program in practical and clear terms. Hence, it is useful not only to communicate and announce its results, but also to offer support to future evaluative research in the field of neonatal hearing health.

ABSTRACT Purpose: to survey the national literature after the universal neonatal hearing screening became compulsory, addressing aspects related to its territorial distribution, the screening procedures employed, and verify whether the internationally proposed quality indicators have been achieved. Methods: an integrative review of articles indexed in the BIREME, PubMed, and Scopus databases. Inclusion criteria: Articles in Portuguese and English published after Law 12,303/2010 was passed, whose theme was the neonatal hearing screening in Brazil. Exclusion criteria: Information from books and/or chapters, integrative review articles or reflexive articles, studies conducted in other countries, and studies approaching a specific subpopulation. The search strategy combined the following descriptors in Portuguese and English, respectively: “Triagem Neonatal”, “Perda auditiva”, “Recém-nascido”, “Brasil”, “Neonatal Screenings”, “Hearing Loss”, “Newborn”, “Brazil”. Results: of the 224 articles found, 26 were duplicates, 38 were books or book chapters, three were integrative reviews, 20 were studies conducted in other countries, and 120 were either reflexive articles or studies approaching a specific subpopulation. The final sample comprised 17 articles that addressed the proposed theme. Conclusion: the South and Southeast Regions of Brazil concentrated most of the programs, and the main technique employed was the evoked otoacoustic emissions. Two quality indicators were achieved: performance rates within the first month of life, and diagnosis referral rates. However, the coverage rates remained below the expectation, and there were still high retest referral rates, high nonattendance rates in the subsequent stages, low satisfactory retest result rates, and a large number of “fail” in the two screening stages.

OBJETIVO: descrever uma proposta de monitoramento de crianças, no primeiro ano de vida, que não foram identificadas na triagem auditiva neonatal, mas apresentavam indicadores de risco para deficiência auditiva. MÉTODO: participaram do estudo 258 crianças de risco que haviam obtido o resultado "passa" no Programa de Triagem Auditiva Neonatal Universal da Maternidade Santa Isabel - Bauru/SP no período de junho a novembro de 2008. Foi aplicado, via telefone, um questionário de acompanhamento do desenvolvimento da audição e da linguagem, validado em estudo anterior, contendo questões sobre a audição e a linguagem. Para cada questão havia duas possibilidades de resposta "sim" ou "não" e considerou-se como "falha", a obtenção de pelo menos uma resposta "não". Tal resultado refletia no agendamento da criança para realização de uma avaliação audiológica imediata. RESULTADOS: o questionário foi aplicado com 169 famílias, com as demais não foi obtido contato. Deste total, 164 (97,04%) apresentaram resultado "passa" e cinco (2,96%) resultado "falha". Dentre as cinco crianças, apenas três compareceram para avaliação audiológica e destas, uma não apresentava alterações e duas apresentavam perda auditiva condutiva. Observou-se prevalências distintas entre os fatores de risco e não houve relação (p>0,05) dos mesmos com a evasão no processo de monitoramento. CONCLUSÃO: o monitoramento por meio de aplicação de questionário via telefone mostrou-se viável, entretanto, é necessário o desenvolvimento de estratégias que favoreçam sua execução.PURPOSE: to describe the proposal of monitoring children in the first year of life, who were not identified in the newborn hearing screening program but had risk factors for hearing loss. METHOD: the study included 258 risk children who had obtained the result "pass" in the Universal Newborn Hearing Screening Program of Hospital Santa Isabel - Bauru/SP, from June to November 2008. It was applied by the telephone, a validated questionnaire in a previous study, containing questions about hearing and language. For each question there were two possible answers: "yes" or "no" and we considered "failure" to obtain at least one "no" answer. With such result, the child was scheduled to perform an immediate hearing evaluation. RESULTS: the questionnaire was applied with 169 families; with the others, there was no contact. From the total, 164 (97,04%) obtained "passed" and five (2,96%) "failed". Between these five children, only three showed up for hearing evaluation and one had no disorders; two presented conductive hearing loss. It was observed distinct prevalence among the risk factors and there was no relation (p>0,05) of the risk factors with the evasion in the monitoring process. CONCLUSION: the monitoring through a questionnaire applied by telephone proved to be feasible, however, it is necessary to develop strategies to support their execution.

OBJETIVO: analisar a especificidade e sensibilidade da TAN com emissões otoacústicas evocadas por estimulo transiente (EOAT) associadas à pesquisa do reflexo cócleo-palpebral (RCP), comparando-os aos resultados do Potencial Evocado Auditivo de Tronco Encefalico (PEATE). MÉTODO: a casuística do presente estudo foi composta por 369 RN de risco para deficiência auditiva que foram submetidos à triagem com a captação das emissões otoacústicas evocadas por estímulo transiente e pesquisa do reflexo cócleo- palpebral. Os resultados foram comparados aos resultados do Potencial Evocado Auditivo de Tronco Encefalico (PEATE). RESULTADOS: a incidência do tipo da perda auditiva na população geral foi de 4RN (1,1%) com perda coclear, 22 (5,9%) com perda condutiva, 2 (0,5%) com espectro da neuropatia auditiva (ENA), 14 (3,8%) com alteração central e 15 (4,1%) com atraso de maturação da via auditiva. A TAN mostrou 100% de sensibilidade e 94,6% de especificidade na detecção de alterações cocleares e espectro da neuropatia auditiva; 77,3% de sensibilidade e 94,6% de especificidade na detecção de alterações condutivas e 42,9% de sensibilidade e 94,6% de especificidade na detecção de alterações centrais. Todos os achados evidenciaram diferenças estatisticamente significantes em relação aos neonatos auditivamente normais. CONCLUSÃO: este protocolo de TAN mostrou-se eficaz na detecção de RN com alterações de cocleares e espectro da neuropatia auditiva com sensibilidade e especificidade elevadas.PURPOSE: to study the specificity and sensitivity of NHS with otoacoustic emissions transient stimulus (TEOAE) associated with cochlear-palpebral reflex (CPR), and comparing the results of Auditory Evoked Potential (BAEP). METHOD: three hundred and sixty-nine neonates under risk of hearing loss were evaluated. Evaluation procedures consisted of transient otocoustic emissions(TOAEs), cochlear-palpebral reflex (CPR), and ABR diagnostic carried out in the same week. RESULTS: the incidence in the general population was 4 neonates (1.1%) with cochlear hearing loss, 22 (5.9%) with conductive hearing loss, 2 (0.5%) with auditory neuropathy, 14 (3.8%) with central abnormalities and 15 (4.1%) with delayed maturation of the auditory pathway. The TAN showed 100% sensitivity and 94.6% specificity in detecting the spectrum of cochlear and auditory neuropathy, 77.3% sensitivity and 94.6% specificity in detecting conductive and 42.9% and 94.6% specificity while detecting central abnormalities. All findings showed statistically significant differences when compared to normal auditory neonates. CONCLUSION: this protocol was effective to detect in neonates with cochlear hearing loss and auditory neuropathy with high sensitivity and specificity.

OBJETIVO: descrever a população de neonatos encaminhada para um programa de triagem auditiva seletiva, caracterizando e comparando o grupo de lactentes que compareceram à triagem (grupo I) com o grupo de lactentes que não compareceu (grupo II). MÉTODO: a amostra foi constituída por 55 lactentes, provenientes de uma maternidade de São Paulo. A metodologia incluiu a análise de prontuários e entrevistas com as mães. Foram variáveis do estudo: idade da alta hospitalar, resultado da triagem auditiva, resultado do diagnóstico, o tempo entre a alta hospitalar e a triagem, o tempo entre a alta hospitalar e o diagnóstico e, por fim, o tempo entre triagem e diagnóstico. Além destes aspectos, as características socioeconômicas e culturais dos grupos e os indicadores de risco foram analisados. RESULTADOS: foram encaminhados 55 lactentes e o comparecimento à triagem auditiva foi de 76% (42). A média de idade da alta hospitalar foi de 38 dias, da triagem auditiva foi de 42 dias e do diagnóstico foi de 95,1 dias. A média do tempo entre a alta e a triagem foi de 13 dias e da alta e diagnóstico de 40,8 dias. O grupo que compareceu à triagem apresentou peso menor, maior período de internação na UTI, maior número de indicadores de risco, maior renda familiar por pessoa e maior número de consultas pré-natal em comparação aos que não compareceram. CONCLUSÕES: as crianças que mostraram maior adesão à realização da triagem auditiva neonatal seletiva foram aquelas cujas mães compareceram a um maior número de consultas no pré-natal, as que apresentaram maior ocorrência de indicadores de risco, maior tempo de internação e quando as informações na maternidade mostraram-se mais efetivas.PURPOSE: to describe the population of high risk newborns referred for a hearing screening program at a selective hearing health service, as well, to characterize and compare the group of infants who attended the screening (group I) and the other of infants who did not attend the screening (group II). METHOD: we performed a prospective study in a child hearing center. The sample consisted of 55 infants under high risk at a maternity hospital in Sao Paulo. The methodology included the examination of medical records and interviews with the mothers. We studied the age at the hospital, hearing screening, diagnosis, time between hospital discharge and screening, the time between hospital discharge and diagnosis and, finally, the time between screening and diagnosis. We compared the socioeconomic and cultural groups and the risk factors. RESULTS: 55 infants were referred to the attendance and hearing screening was 76% (42). The mean age of hospital discharge was 38 days, the hearing screening was 42 days and the diagnosis was 95.1 days. The mean time between the discharge and screening was 13 days, between the discharge and the diagnosis was 40.8 days. The group attending the screening had lower weight, longer ICU stay, and greater number of risk factors, higher family income per person and more prenatal care than those who did not attend it. CONCLUSIONS: the children who showed greater adherence to the implementation of selective newborn hearing screening were those whose mothers attended a greater number of pre-natal cares, those that had increased incidence of risk factors, longer hospitalization and when the information in the maternity ward were more effective.

OBJETIVO: verificar a sensibilidade e especificidade do teste de potencial evocado auditivo de tronco encefálico em equipamento automático (PEATEa), comparando-o ao teste de potencial evocado auditivo de tronco encefálico em equipamento diagnóstico (PEATE) em um programa de triagem auditiva neonatal em neonatos de risco. MÉTODO: foram avaliados 186 neonatos, 83 nascidos a termo e 103 pré-termo, sendo 88 do sexo masculino e 98 feminino. A triagem constou de emissões otoacústicas evocadas por estímulos transientes (EOAT), PEATEa e ao PEATE na mesma semana. RESULTADOS: dos 186 neonatos avaliados, 156 (83,9%) apresentaram audição normal. A perda condutiva foi encontrada em 9 neonatos (4,8%),sendo 7 bilaterais e 2 unilaterais. A perda auditiva coclear foi observada em 5 neonatos (2,7%) sendo um unilateral. Alteração central foi obtida em 11 neonatos (5,9%) e um neonato foi diagnosticado como espectro da neuropatia auditiva -ENA(0,5%).Em 4 casos houve atraso maturacional na avaliação inicial com normalização das respostas no mês seguinte Comparando-se os resultados do PEATEa com o PEATE, observou-se alta sensibilidade ( superior a 99%) para identificação de perda coclear,condutiva, central, atraso maturacional e ENA .A especificidade do PEATEa foi de 100% para ENA, mediana para perda coclear (75% na OD e 60% na OE), e para alterações centrais (54,5%OD e 63,6% OE). Para identificação de perdas condutivas (inferior a 43%). CONCLUSÃO: o PEATEa foi eficaz na identificação das neuropatias auditivas com elevada especificidade e sensibilidade. Contudo, falsos negativos foram observados para perdas cocleares, condutivas, para alterações centrais e atraso maturacional.PURPOSE: to study the sensitivity and specificity of automatic ABR in comparison to diagnostic ABR of newborns under risk in a neonatal hearing screening program. METHOD: one hundred and eighty six neonates were evaluated, 83 born at term and 103 were pre terms, 88 male and 98 female gender. Evaluation procedures consisted of transient otoacoustic emissions(TOAEs), A-ABR and diagnostic ABR carried out in the same week. RESULTS: from the 186 evaluated newborns, 156 (83.9%) showed normal hearing. Conductive hearing loss was verified in nine neonates (4.8%), seven bilateral and two unilateral. Cochlear hearing loss was observed in five neonates (2.7%), one unilateral and four bilateral. Central evidences were observed in eleven neonates (5.9%) and one neonate was diagnosed with auditory neuropathy spectrum disorder (0,5%). In four cases, we found a maturational delay in the first evaluation with normal result within one month. In the comparison of A-ABR with diagnostic ABR, high sensitivity rates were observed (99% and higher) in the identification of cochlear, conductive, central and auditory neuropathy. Specificity rate of A-ABR was 100% for auditory neuropathy, 75% for right ear and 60% for left ear cochlear hearing losses and 54.5% for right ear and 63.6% for the left ear central abnormalities. For conductive hearing losses, specificity was low (lower than 43%). CONCLUSION: A-ABR was efficient in the identification of auditory neuropathies with high sensitivity and specificity rates. However, false negative responses were observed in the group diagnosed with cochlear and conductive hearing losses, central abnormalities and maturational delay.

OBJETIVO: verificar a concordância entre os resultados da triagem auditiva por meio de observação de respostas comportamentais e de emissões otoacústicas evocadas transientes. MÉTODO: foi realizado estudo clínico duplo-cego com 139 crianças de um a 180 dias de vida, atendidas no serviço de Triagem Auditiva Neonatal do Hospital Universitário de Santa Maria. Diferentes examinadores verificaram a presença do reflexo cócleo-palpebral e de emissões otoacústicas evocadas transientes. RESULTADOS: das 139 crianças avaliadas, 123 apresentaram reflexo cócleo-palpebral e emissões otoacústicas; 10 apresentaram somente reflexo cócleo-palpebral; três apresentaram somente emissões otoacústicas; três não apresentaram respostas em ambos os testes. Dezesseis crianças deveriam ser retestadas. Nove não compareceram. Das sete crianças retestadas, duas passaram em ambos os testes e cinco mantiveram falha e foram encaminhadas para avaliação de Potencial Evocado Auditivo de Tronco Encefálico. Uma delas não compareceu. Duas crianças tiveram emissões otoacústicas presentes e reflexo cócleo-palpebral ausente. Na avaliação de Potencial Evocado Auditivo de Tronco Encefálico uma delas manifestou audição normal e outra perda auditiva profunda. Uma criança que não evidenciou emissões otoacústicas, mas manifestou reflexo cócleo-palpebral, teve Potencial Evocado Auditivo de Tronco Encefálico compatível com perda auditiva moderada bilateral. A criança que falhou em ambos os testes apresentou perda auditiva severa bilateral na avaliação de Potencial Evocado Auditivo de Tronco Encefálico. CONCLUSÃO: a presença de emissões otoacústicas concomitante com ausência de reflexo cócleo-palpebral pode ser sinal de neuropatia auditiva. A análise de emissões otoacústicas e a avaliação do reflexo cócleo-palpebral são procedimentos complementares. A aparente discordância entre alguns resultados pode apontar diferentes tipos de comprometimento auditivo.PURPOSE: to check the agreement among the obtained results in hearing screening through the observation of behavioral responses and the transient evoked otoacoustic emissions. METHOD: a double-blind study was carried out with 139 infants attended in Neonatal Hearing Screening service of Santa Maria University Hospital. Different examiners evaluated the presence of eye blink reflex and transient evoked otoacoustic emissions. RESULTS: among the 139 evaluated infants, 123 showed eye blink reflex and otoacoustic emissions; 10 showed only otoacoustic emissions; and 3 failed in both tests. Sixteen infants should be re-evaluated. Nine did not come back to repeat the tests. Seven children were re-evaluated, two passed in both tests; five maintained the failed status and they were referred to evaluation on Auditory Response Audiometry. Two children showed otoacoustic emissions, but did not have eye blink reflex. In the evaluation of Auditory Response Audiometry, one manifested normal hearing and the other showed acute hearing loss. One child who did not evidence otoacoustic emissions, but manifested eye blink reflex, had compatible Auditory Response Audiometry with moderate hearing loss in both ears. The infant who failed in both test showed severe bilateral hearing loss in the evaluation of Auditory Response Audiometry. CONCLUSION: even though the otoacoustic emissions are present, the absence of eye blink reflex should be considered a reason to evaluate the Auditory Response Audiometry, and this can be sign of auditory neuropathy. Considering that the analysis of otoacoustic emissions and the evaluation of eye blink reflex are complement procedures. The apparent disagreement among some results can show different types of hearing disorder.

OBJETIVO: verificar a prevalência da deficiência auditiva em um programa de triagem auditiva neonatal e investigar mutações do gene GJB2 naqueles com suspeita de deficiência auditiva. MÉTODO: foi realizado estudo longitudinal com 908 RN a termo, pós-termo e pré-termo que foram submetidos à realização da triagem auditiva por meio do teste de Emissão Otoacústica Evocada por Estímulo Transiente (EOA-T) e reflexo cócleo-palpebral (RCP). Para os recém-nascidos, em que houve falha na triagem auditiva em uma ou ambas as orelhas, eram encaminhados para uma segunda avaliação. No reteste, quando o teste de EOA-T resultasse em não passa em uma ou ambas as orelhas, a criança era encaminhada para avaliação e conduta otorrinolaringológica. Após realização do Potencial Evocado Auditivo de Tronco Encefálico (PEATE) a equipe de avaliadores decidia se deveria encaminhar a criança para investigação da mutação. Quando havia suspeita de deficiência auditiva era colhido 3 mL de sangue venoso periférico para a pesquisa de mutação do gene da conexina 26. RESULTADOS: foi constatado a presença de deficiência auditiva condutiva em 2 recém-nascidos (0,22%) e neurossensorial em 1 (0,11%). Na criança com deficiência auditiva neurossensorial foi detectada a presença da mutação 35delG. CONCLUSÃO: a avaliação audiológica em conjunto com exames moleculares das principais mutações do gene GJB2 em recém-nascidos com suspeita da deficiência auditiva contribuiu para a rapidez do diagnóstico audiológico, visando uma intervenção precoce, aconselhamento genético e prognóstico educacional da criança.PURPOSE: to assess the prevalence of hearing loss in a newborn hearing screening program and investigate mutations in the GJB2 gene in those with suspected hearing loss. METHOD: we performed longitudinal study of 908 term infants, post-term and preterm infants who underwent hearing screening by the test Emission Transient Evoked Otoacoustic (EOA-T) and cochlear palpebral reflex. For newborns, those who failed the hearing screening in one or both ears, were referred to a second evaluation. In the retest, while the EOA-T test result in not passing on one or both ears, the child was referred for evaluation and otorhinolaringology management. After completing the Auditory Evoked Potential test, the team of evaluators decided whether it should refer the child to investigate the mutation. When there was suspicion of hearing impairment we collected 3 mL of peripheral venous blood for the detection of mutation in the connexin 26 gene. RESULTS: we observed the presence of conductive hearing loss in 2 neonates (0.22%) and sensorineural in 1 (0.11%). In children with sensorineural hearing loss we detected the presence of 35delG mutation. CONCLUSION: the audiological assessment in conjunction with molecular tests of the main GJB2 gene mutations in newborns with suspected hearing loss contributed to the rapid audiological diagnostic, seeking early intervention, educational and genetic counseling and prognosis of the child.

OBJETIVO: analisar a amplitude absoluta e nível de Response das emissões otoacústicas evocadas transientes em recém-nascidos pré-termo e a termo. MÉTODOS: participaram deste estudo 50 recém-nascidos a termo e 50 pré-termo, os quais foram submetidos à triagem auditiva neonatal por meio da pesquisa das emissões otoacústicas evocadas transientes, realizada entre 24 horas e 11 semanas de vida. Todos os recém-nascidos apresentaram presença de emissões otoacústicas evocadas por clique no teste da triagem auditiva neonatal. RESULTADOS: não houve diferença estatisticamente significante da amplitude e nível de Response entre os recém-nascidos a termo e pré-termos. Não houve correlação significante entre os fatores prematuridade, idade do recém-nascido no teste e tempo de estimulação auditiva com os resultados obtidos. CONCLUSÃO: as emissões otoacústicas evocadas transientes registradas em recém-nascidos a termos e pré-termos apresentam semelhante amplitude absoluta e nível de Response.PURPOSE: to analyze the absolute amplitude and response level of transient evoked otoacoustic emissions in preterm and full-term newborns. METHODS: 50 full-term and 50 preterm newborns took part in the study. They underwent newborn hearing screening, through research of transient evoked otoacoustic emissions, performed between 24 hours and 11 weeks of life. All newborns showed transient evoked otoacoustic emissions in the newborn hearing screening test. RESULTS: no statistically significant difference of amplitude and response level was found between the full-term and preterm newborns. There was no significant correlation among factors such as prematurity, age of newborn at test and time of hearing stimulation with the results obtained. CONCLUSION: transient evoked otoacoustic emissions recorded in full-term and preterm newborns showed similar absolute amplitude and Response level.

OBJETIVOS: conhecer o índice de bebês avaliados na Triagem Auditiva Neonatal Universal de um hospital da rede pública de Campinas - São Paulo que concluíram o processo diagnóstico tendo falhado no teste de Emissões Otoacústicas Evocadas Transientes. MÉTODOS: a amostra é composta por 1146 protocolos de bebês avaliados no Programa de Triagem Auditiva Neonatal Universal desse hospital, no período de julho de 2007 a abril de 2008. RESULTADOS: a Triagem Auditiva Neonatal Universal mostrou efetividade de 69,4%, porém, a partir do reteste dos bebês que falharam, o índice de sucesso no seguimento cai acentuadamente. Do total da amostra, 11 bebês apresentaram suspeita de perda auditiva, dos quais quatro apresentaram alteração. CONCLUSÃO: os dados sugerem a necessidade de aperfeiçoamento do programa.PURPOSE: to know the index of babies who failed in the EOAET diagnosis process in the Universal Neonatal Auditory Scan Program of an public hospital in Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil. METHODS: the sample is composed of 1146 protocols of babies evaluated in the Universal Neonatal Auditory Scan Program in this hospital, in the period of July 2007 to April 2008. RESULTS: Universal Neonatal Auditory Scan presented effectiveness of 69.4%, although the retest of the babies that failed in the EOAET diagnosis have shown that the success in the follow up process goes down significantly. From the total of the sample, 11 babies were suspected to have auditory loss and four had some alteration. CONCLUSION: data suggesting that the program needs to be improved.

OBJETIVO: verificar a prática de Triagem Auditiva Neonatal na cidade de Curitiba-PR. MÉTODOS: inicialmente foi realizado um levantamento do número de maternidades e/ou hospitais com maternidades existentes na cidade de Curitiba, mediante a consulta no Cadastro Nacional de Estabelecimentos de Saúde. Constatou-se a existência de um total de 59 hospitais cadastrados, sendo que três destes são maternidades e 18 são hospitais com maternidade. A partir do levantamento feito, foi estabelecido um contato com o profissional responsável por cada uma das instituições, sendo questionado quanto à existência de um programa de Triagem Auditiva Neonatal e para aqueles que o apresentavam foi entregue um questionário a fim de obter informações a respeito do referido serviço. RESULTADOS: constatou-se que apenas 23,8% das maternidades realizam Triagem Auditiva Neonatal, sendo que destas, 20% é universal para neonatos a termo e 80% universal para neonatos de alto risco. A triagem em todos os serviços é realizada com Emissões Otoacústicas Evocadas por Estímulo Transiente. CONCLUSÃO: mediante o estudo realizado verificou-se que a lei número 14588 - 22/12/2004 não está sendo rigorosamente cumprida. Apesar da demanda aliada à importância da detecção precoce, a Triagem Auditiva Neonatal não é realizada em todas as maternidades existentes e mesmo naquelas nas quais há um fonoaudiólogo e a triagem auditiva é realizada, esta não é universal.PURPOSE: to check the practice of newborn hearing screening in Curitiba-PR. METHODS: a survey was initially conducted to check the number of existing maternities and hospitals with maternities included in the National Register of Health's Establishments. We found that 59 hospitals were registered; three are maternities and 18 are hospitals that include a maternity. We asked each of the professionals in charge for the institution if some kind of newborn hearing screening was conducted and, for those who had the service, a questionnaire was given in order to collect information on the program. RESULTS: we found that 23.8% of the institutions perform newborn hearing screening. In 20% of them, this service is universal for full term babies, while in 80% of them it is available for premature/high risk babies. All of the services use Transient Evoked Otoacoustic Emissions (TEOAE). CONCLUSION: we concluded that the Brazilian law number 14588 - 22/12/2004 is not being followed. Despite of the need and the importance for early detection of hearing loss, hearing screening is not accomplished in all maternities. In places where such screening takes place, it is not universal.

OBJETIVOS: identificar os sentimentos das mães em relação à Triagem Auditiva Neonatal (TAN) durante a testagem de seu filho; verificar a suficiência de informações prestadas sobre o tema; conhecer sua opinião quanto à possibilidade de o filho apresentar deficiência auditiva. MÉTODOS: durante três meses foram entrevistadas 75 mães de crianças nascidas no Hospital Universitário de Santa Maria, que compareceram, para realização da Triagem Auditiva Opcional. Foram prestadas informações sobre objetivos e procedimentos da TAN e ressaltada a importância do retorno da criança entre oito e 12 meses de idade. Foi aplicado um questionário de forma individual por graduandos em Fonoaudiologia, relacionado aos objetivos da pesquisa. RESULTADOS: 58 (77,3%) mães afirmaram que a TAN é uma maneira de identificar a deficiência auditiva cedo; 64 (85,3%) consideraram suficientes as informações recebidas; 27 (36%) referiram sentimentos positivos enquanto o filho está sendo avaliado, 23 (30,7%) apontaram sentimentos negativos e 25 (33,3%) sentimentos mistos (tanto negativos quanto positivos). Quanto à possibilidade de o filho apresentar deficiência auditiva 57 (76%) mães opinaram negativamente. CONCLUSÕES: a grande maioria das mães entrevistada soube responder corretamente o que é a TAN e as informações por elas recebidas foram consideradas suficientes; houve predomínio de sentimentos positivos durante a realização do exame; a possibilidade de o filho apresentar deficiência auditiva foi considerada nula por três quartos das mães estudadas.PURPOSES: to identify feelings expressed by the mothers during their children's Neonatal Auditory Screening (NAS), to check the sufficiency of the provided information; to find out their opinions on the possibility of having a hearing impaired child. METHODS: during three months 75 mothers that gave birth at the University Hospital were interviewed after signing the Permission Form when they arrived for the Optional Neonatal Auditory Screening. Information on the purposes and procedures of NAS were provided, showing the importance of the screening done between the age of 8 and 12 months. A questionnaire was applied by undergraduate Audiology students. The questionnaire was applied individually. RESULTS: 58 (77.3%) mothers affirm that NAS is an early way of identifying hearing impairment; 64 (85.3%) consider that the provided information is sufficient; 27 (36%) point out having positive feelings during their children's screening, 23 (30.7%) point out negative feelings, while 25 (33.3%) point out having mixed feelings about the subject. As to the possibility of having a hearing impaired child, 57 (76%) mothers showed negative opinions. CONCLUSIONS: the majority of the interviewed mothers were able to answer correctly on what NAS was, as well as they considered the information given about the test to be sufficient; there was a predominance of positive feelings during the screening; the possibility of having a hearing impaired child was considered null by three-thirds of the studied mothers.

OBJETIVO: identificar a aplicabilidade clínica da triagem auditiva neonatal na rotina dos médicos pediatras neonatologistas no município de Maceió-AL. MÉTODOS: foi realizado um estudo transversal analítico com 36 médicos pediatras neonatologistas por meio da aplicação de um questionário com seis perguntas objetivas. RESULTADOS: observou-se que 88,9% dos pediatras neonatologistas conhecem a triagem auditiva neonatal, no entanto, 11,1% desconhecem. No serviço particular de saúde, 66,1% encaminham todos os recém-nascidos para a triagem em sua rotina. No serviço público, apenas 7,4% encaminham todos os recém-nascidos e 42,8% não encaminham. Em relação à Lei Municipal nº 5.555/06, que obriga a realização da triagem auditiva neonatal universal nas maternidades e estabelecimentos hospitalares congêneres no município de Maceió, 41,7% dos médicos declararam não conhecer. Apenas 36,1% afirmaram conhecer o trabalho fonoaudiológico na prevenção da surdez. CONCLUSÃO: neste estudo, pode-se concluir que a triagem auditiva neonatal está inserida na rotina clínica da maioria dos médicos pediatras neonatologistas que trabalham na rede particular de saúde. No entanto, observa-se carência de recursos para a implantação e continuidade do programa no serviço público e pouco conhecimento do papel do fonoaudiólogo na prevenção da surdez.PURPOSE: to identify the clinical applicability of neonatal hearing screening in the routine of neonatologist pediatrician doctors in the city of Maceió-AL. METHODS: an cross-section analytical study was carried out with 36 neonatologist pediatricians through the application of a questionnaire with six objective questions. RESULTS: it was observed that 88.9% of neonatologist pediatricians know on neonatal hearing screening; however, 11.1% do not know./ In the private health service, 66.1% refer all the newborn babies to the screening in their routine. In the public service, only 7.4% refer all the newborn babies and 42.8% do not. In relation to the Municipal Law number 5.555/06, which makes the neonatal hearing screening compulsory in the maternities and similar establishments in the city of Maceió, 41.7% of the doctors have declared not knowing. Just 36.1% have stated knowing the speech pathology related work in the prevention of deafness. CONCLUSION: in this study, it can be concluded that the neonatal hearing screening is inserted in the clinical routine of the majority of the neonatologist pediatrician doctors that work in the particular health service. However, there is a lack of resources for implementing and continuing the program in the public service and there is very little knowledge on the role of the speech pathologist in preventing deafness.

OBJETIVO: investigar o conhecimento, a valorização da detecção precoce da deficiência auditiva pelos profissionais da saúde envolvidos no período pré e pós gestacional e verificar o conhecimento das mães sobre a importância da triagem auditiva neonatal. MÉTODOS: o instrumento da pesquisa constituiu-se de três questionários com perguntas fechadas e específicas aos profissionais envolvidos; pediatras, ginecologistas/obstetras e enfermeiros, além das mães dos bebês nascidos em uma maternidade na cidade de Maringá/PR, no período de janeiro a fevereiro/2005. RESULTADOS: observou-se no questionário realizado com os médicos que todos, 100%, referiram ter conhecimento da saúde auditiva do bebê, 69% recomendaram o teste da orelhinha, 82% referiram que até os primeiros três meses seria o período ideal para o diagnóstico auditivo e apenas 37% souberam referir quais os exames necessários a serem realizados. Entre os enfermeiros, 78% demonstraram ter conhecimento sobre a detecção precoce da perda auditiva e 67% referiram orientar os pais sobre o teste da orelhinha. Sobre a importância da detecção precoce da deficiência auditiva, 22% não responderam ou não acharam relevante. No questionário realizado com as mães, 81% relataram não terem recebido orientações a respeito das doenças que alteram o desenvolvimento auditivo, 72% não tinham conhecimento a respeito da detecção precoce da deficiência auditiva. CONCLUSÃO: mostrou-se evidente neste estudo um conhecimento reduzido com relação a detecção precoce da perda auditiva e da triagem auditiva neonatal por parte das pessoas envolvidas nesta pesquisa.PURPOSE: to investigate the knowledge and valorization of early detection of hearing loss by health professionals involved in the period before and after gestation and to check the mothers' knowledge on the importance of neonatal auditory screening. METHODS: the research instrument consisted of three questionnaires with closed and specific questions for the involved professionals, including pediatricians, gynecologists, obstetricians and nurses, in addition to the mothers of newborns from a maternity ward in the city of Maringá, Paraná, during the period between January to February 2005. RESULTS: it was observed in the questionnaire completed with the doctors that 100% described having knowledge of the baby's auditory health, 69% recommended otoacoustic emissions (OAE) 82% related that within the first three months it would be the ideal period for an auditory diagnosis and just 37% knew which were the exams to be performed. Among the nurses, 78% demonstrated having knowledge on early detection of hearing loss and 67% related having trained the parents to perform the (OAE). With regard to the importance of early detection of hearing loss, 22% did not answer or did not find it important. In the questionnaire completed with the mothers, 81% described not having received counseling regarding the diseases that alter auditory development, 72% did not have any knowledge regarding early detection of hearing loss. CONCLUSION: a reduced knowledge was found to be evident in this study, with regard to the early detection of hearing loss and neonatal auditory screening, by the people involved in this research.

OBJETIVO: promover uma abordagem teórica dos aspectos relevantes a respeito da audição na infância e da detecção precoce da deficiência auditiva infantil. MÉTODOS: foi realizada pesquisa bibliográfica sobre a importância da audição no desenvolvimento infantil, o histórico da detecção precoce da deficiência auditiva infantil e a metodologia usual nos programas de triagem auditiva neonatal. O período de análise foi a partir de 1980 e os descritores utilizados foram deafness, hearing loss, hearing impairment and children. RESULTADOS: a audição é o elemento fundamental para a aquisição e desenvolvimento da linguagem. Muitos são os indicadores de risco que podem afetar a audição nos períodos pré e peri natal. Sendo a detecção precoce um fator determinante para o prognóstico de reabilitação, é de extrema importância a sua efetivação. Existem diferentes metodologias para a detecção da deficiência auditiva, porém os programas de triagem auditiva neonatal que utilizam emissões otoacústicas vêm demonstrando grande aceitação pela sua eficácia e praticidade. CONCLUSÃO: existem graves implicações da deficiência auditiva para o desenvolvimento infantil. A implementação dos programas de triagem auditiva neonatal pode garantir a detecção precoce, o diagnóstico e a reabilitação a tempo de minimizar os efeitos da deficiência auditiva sobre o indivíduo.PURPOSE: to promote a theoretical approach of the relevant aspects regarding the hearing in childhood and the early detection of the infantile hearing loss. METHODS: bibliographical research on the importance of hearing in infantile development, the description of the early detection of the hearing loss and usual methodology in the programs of newborn hearing screening was carried through. The period of analysis went from 1980 and the key-words were deafness, hearing loss, hearing impairment and children. RESULTS: the hearing is the basic element for the acquisition and development of language. Many are the risk indicators that can affect hearing in the pre and peri native periods. Being the early detection a determinative factor for the rehabilitation prognostic, its effectuation is of extreme importance. There are different methodologies for detecting hearing loss, however the programs of newborn hearing screening through otoacoustic emissions have been demonstrating effectiveness and feasibility. CONCLUSION: there are serious implications of hearing loss for infantile development. The implementation of the programs of newborn hearing screening can ensure early detection, diagnosis and rehabilitation in timely-manner to minimize the effect of hearing loss on the subject.

Purpose: to establish which risk indicator for hearing loss shows the highest prevalence of 'failure' in newborn hearing screening. Methods: using a retrospective analysis of medical records involving 702 infants undergoing neonatal hearing screening in the Audiology Clinic of the Federal University of Bahia in the period 2007-2011, the chi-square test for the hypothesis of no association was made between the risk indicators and 'failure' of the newborn hearing screening. Results: in relation to the infants studied, 352 (50.29%) were male and 348 patients (49.71%) were females, two had no references as to gender. Most babies were between one to three months of age and 45.40% of babies were born prematurely. It was found that infants showed the following risk indicators: 28.83% had hyperbilirubinemia; 22.54% had a history of congenital infection; 15.06% were born weighing less than 1,500 grams; 8.21% had Apgar scores of 0-4 in the 1st minute; 5.07% had Apgar scores 0-6 in the 5th minute; 9.09% received mechanical ventilation; 4.09% had syndromes associated with hearing loss and only 1 (0.84%) infant had bacterial meningitis. Among these infants, 92.45% had no family history of hearing impairment and 97.09% had no craniofacial malformation. Conclusion: there were associations between five risk indicators and 'failure' in neonatal hearing screening. Risk indicators showed the following descending order of prevalence: Apgar score 0-4 in the 1st minute; craniofacial malformations; syndrome associated with hearing loss; Apgar score 0-6 in the 5th minutes; mechanical ventilation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: to evaluate the newborn hearing screening (NHS) programs of maternity hospitals located in the city of João Pessoa, PB, Brazil. Methods: a total of five maternity/hospital institutions participated in this study (one federal, one municipal, two state and one private maternity hospital), being selected those who presented a Newborn Hearing Screening program. The questionnaire "Newborn Hearing Screening Survey" containing 29 questions was applied to five audiologists and five health managers. Results: all maternity hospitals carry out their NHS programs in the rooming, neonatal ICU and intermediate-risk nursery. Hearing screening is routinely requested by the medical staff and authorized in the four hospitals. However, in one of the maternity hospitals, hearing screening is not routinely requested. All screenings are performed by the audiologist. The unique method for performing screening is the use of evoked otoacoustic emissions. The number of referrals to re-tests varied between 4% and 15%. All maternity hospitals provide the results of the hearing screening concerning the "PASS" by means of a written report. The cases that require monitoring or audiologic diagnostics are followed to public and private reference services. The audiologist ensures and monitors the diagnosis in four of the maternity hospitals surveyed. Only one hospital reports that it is an assignment of the social service staff. Conclusion: the methodology of the TAN program has proved suitable for babies from the group without risk for hearing loss, but not for the babies in the risk group. The greatest problem of the NHSP in João Pessoa occurs in the stage of recording the results and control of referrals. There isn't a database that enables you to control the coverage of TAN, the retests, referrals and false positives. There is a dissociation between program steps, scarce resources and lack of effective participation of managers, despite the publication of the law on the mandatory completion of EOE in maternity and recommendations of the Ministry of Health for its realization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: to characterize the demand, territory and hearing tests performed on a Newborn Hearing Screening Program. Methods: retrospective study of a sample of 2334 records of newborns screened, involving the analysis of data on Newborn Hearing Screening, Newborns of information and demographic variables. Results: 88% were screened newborns, and of these 16% had Risk Indicator for Hearing Impairment and 84% did not. It was observed that the indicator was the most prevalent family history, and that the chances of passing the test are lower in the presence of indicator and when the newborn's weight less than 1,500 g. The index-pass test failure was 78% and 22% passes failure. On the test result, the greater number of failures unilateral and retest failure 4% being a membership of more than 70%. Conclusion: study like this allows the active pursuit of newborn risk group for hearing impairment in their respective territories, with greater possibility of tracking and thus reach the primary goal of hearing screening is that the diagnosis of deafness until the third month life, in addition to designing a Neonatal hearing Screening Program effective in their steps: screening, diagnostic audiology, indication, selection and fitting of hearing aids and re (ha) bilitation hearing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Brazil, hearing loss diagnosis does not occur in early years. Among various factors that could explain this fact is that the parents do not know well about hearing health for their children, and then do not attend for the follow-up. This literature review had as main goal to describe how the follow up has been done in Brazil, especially regarding to the audiologic exams, regarding to the follow up by the family, and regarding to educations activities for the health professionals. In order to achieve that, an integrative review of the literature was done, leaded by the question: How the audiologic follow up has been done for the newborn hearing screening programs? It was used the the following databases: Lilacs, Medline, IBECS and CidSaúde using combinations of the terms "follow-up studies", "hearing" and "newborn screening". Initially, 1130 articles were screened by titles and abstracts. Then, 21 full articles were pre-selected by title and summary. Twelve articles answered the question of this review. The results indicated that tests for hearing screening and audiologic were used more Evoked otoacoustic emissions and auditory brainstem response, and behavioral assessment, tympanometry and acoustic reflexes. Three studies reported the presence of educational programs and only one specified professionals realized that, being the nurse what else made these activities. The percentage of families who joined the monitoring varied considerably. It was interesting to see that those recommendations from local and international entities to perform the audiologic, seeking a standard of quality and effectiveness in the programs and the quality of the audiological evaluation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: to verify the incidence of changes in otoacoustic emission distortion product in premature infants and to analyze the magnitude of responses in relation to the gestational age in this population. Methods: observational cross-sectional study, which included results analysis of distortion product otoacoustic emissions of preterm newborns, screened in a public hospital in Belo Horizonte, from August 2010 to February, 2011. The infants were divided into three groups according to the gestational ages, the first group consisting of neonates aging 28-30 weeks, the second was of 31-33 weeks and third group of 34-36 weeks. This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of UFMG number 0210.0.203.000-10. Results: among the 44 children studied (93.62%) distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAE) were present and only three children (6.38%) had absent DPOAEs. Regarding the amplitude analysis of the otoacoustic emissions and their comparisons between groups, no statistically significant difference was found between gestational groups, however we observed lower p values between gestational groups at high frequencies - 6kHz and 5KHz. Conclusion: prematurity in itself is not a factor that influences the outcome of DPOAE in premature neonates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: to verify in newborn (NBs) without risk for hearing loss, the "pass/fail" index in the Universal Neonatal Hearing Screening (UNHS), relating them with the sex, childbirth type and time of life. Method: characterized as a quantitative, retrospective, sectional and of group study, inserted in the secondary attention to health of a University Hospital, where 1526 NBs handbooks were analyzed, with analyzer of Transients Otoacoustics Emissions (TOAE) model Otoport Lite. It was adopted as inclusion criteria NBs in term of both sexes. It was excluded from the research 355 NBs that presented one of the indicators risk associated to hearing loss, or still, if some of the data collected by the research were incomplete. The sample studied was 1.171 records. Results: 88,3% of NBs passed in the first testing. It was not found out significant findings regarding to "pass/fail" index and sex and childbirth type. The NBs that accomplished the testing up to 28 hours after birth fail more frequently, while the ones with more than 32 hours of life pass more frequently. Conclusion: the study demonstrated that there was a more appropriate moment for accomplishment of the first testing, where NBs up to 28 hours of life fail more frequently, while the ones with more than 32 hours pass more frequently in the first testing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: this study seeks to analyse the results of neonatal auditory screening by means of transient otoacoustic emissions in newborn babies in relation to their different lifespans. Method: the medical charts of 1689 babies, previously analysed in 2008, were evaluated in two maternity wards of SC. The babies were divided into two groups: in group 1 screening had been completed in the first 24 hours after birth, and in group 2, it had been completed between 24 and 48 hours after the babies' birth. Results: in group 1, of the 894 babies submitted to NAC, the index of "failure" was 4.5%, equivalent to 39 babies. In group 2, of the 795 babies and 1.5% (12) "failed" the test. The findings demonstrated that NAC carried out by means of TOAE in the babies during the first 24 hours of birth presented a higher "failure" index than NAC completed after 48 hours of birth. Conclusion: NAC should be completed at the maternity wards before hospital discharge, but only after the first 24 hours of life due to the great incidence of artifacts that may be encountered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: investigate the level of conscience of the parents in relation to the importance of the neonatal auditory selection, as well as verifying the reasons of not the attendance to the return set appointments after the first evaluation. Method: the casuistry was constituted by 31 responsible mothers in the neonatal unit of the University Hospital of Maringá, which had not appeared to the high return set appointments after the hospital one. Results: the reasons presented for the responsible mothers and/or for the attendance to the set appointments return had not involved attitudes that had been able to signal little importance attributed to the questions related to the hearing and the Newborn Hearing Screening, therefore suggest reasons irrelevant as the forgetfulness of the return, mother thought that the baby would not leave to be submitted to the examination and the loss of schedule for new evaluation. Such fact probably reflects the lack of awareness on the part of the mothers of the newborns how much to the importance of the Newborn Hearing Screening. Conclusion: exists to increase the general awareness in relation to the Newborn hearing screening, on the part of the familiar ones and the professionals who act directly with the newborns, which will contribute for the agility of the diagnostics process, guaranteeing better perspective to the future of carrying children of auditory deficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: to describe the results of three TEOE protocols obtained from automatic equipment used in a Newborn Hearing Screening Program. Method: during two months, TEOEs of 287 neonates in São Paulo were studied. To register them, we used a three-protocol, set up with different pass/fail criteria. The following protocols were registered: Protocol A: to pass in four frequency bands, not necessarily consecutive-; Protocol B: to pass in three frequency bands, not necessarily consecutive - and Protocol C: to pass in two frequency bands, not necessarily consecutive, as well. The parameters that we used to consider these answers were: reproducibility above 50%, as well as signal/noise ratio > 3dB at 1.0 and 1.5 kHz and > 6dB at 2.0, 3.0 and 4.0 kHz. Results: TEOEs of 574 ears were analyzed and the 2.0, 3.0 and 4.0 frequencies showed the highest pass percentages (94.1, 95.8 and 92.7% for protocols A, B and C respectively). Protocol C showed the highest pass percentage, achieving 96,9%. Nevertheless, the results obtained in Protocol B, which had the presence of three bands, showed a similar percentage to Protocol C (96,2%). Therefore, there was a not statistically significant difference between Protocols B and C. 1.0 kHz frequency achieved a percentage of only 9.9 in the tested ears. Conclusions: one has to research Protocols A, B and C with gold standard in order to verify which one suits best in terms of sensibility and specificity, even though the three protocols studied showed similar results in pass criteria for two or three frequency bands [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: to describe the proposal of monitoring children in the first year of life, who were not identified in the newborn hearing screening program but had risk factors for hearing loss. Method: the study included 258 risk children who had obtained the result "pass" in the Universal Newborn Hearing Screening Program of Hospital Santa Isabel - Bauru/SP, from June to November 2008. It was applied by the telephone, a validated questionnaire in a previous study, containing questions about hearing and language. For each question there were two possible answers: "yes" or "no" and we considered "failure" to obtain at least one "no" answer. With such result, the child was scheduled to perform an immediate hearing evaluation. Results: the questionnaire was applied with 169 families; with the others, there was no contact. From the total, 164 (97,04%) obtained "passed" and five (2,96%) "failed". Between these five children, only three showed up for hearing evaluation and one had no disorders; two presented conductive hearing loss. It was observed distinct prevalence among the risk factors and there was no relation (p>0,05) of the risk factors with the evasion in the monitoring process. Conclusion: the monitoring through a questionnaire applied by telephone proved to be feasible, however, it is necessary to develop strategies to support their execution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: to study the specificity and sensitivity of NHS with otoacoustic emissions transient stimulus (TEOAE) associated with cochlear-palpebral reflex (CPR), and comparing the results of Auditory Evoked Potential (BAEP). Method: three hundred and sixty-nine neonates under risk of hearing loss were evaluated. Evaluation procedures consisted of transient otocoustic emissions(TOAEs), cochlear-palpebral reflex (CPR), and ABR diagnostic carried out in the same week. Results: the incidence in the general population was 4 neonates (1.1%) with cochlear hearing loss, 22 (5.9%) with conductive hearing loss, 2 (0.5%) with auditory neuropathy, 14 (3.8%) with central abnormalities and 15 (4.1%) with delayed maturation of the auditory pathway. The TAN showed 100% sensitivity and 94.6% specificity in detecting the spectrum of cochlear and auditory neuropathy, 77.3% sensitivity and 94.6% specificity in detecting conductive and 42.9% and 94.6% specificity while detecting central abnormalities. All findings showed statistically significant differences when compared to normal auditory neonates. Conclusion: this protocol was effective to detect in neonates with cochlear hearing loss and auditory neuropathy with high sensitivity and specificity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: to describe the population of high risk newborns referred for a hearing screening program at a selective hearing health service, as well, to characterize and compare the group of infants who attended the screening (group I) and the other of infants who did not attend the screening (group II). Method: we performed a prospective study in a child hearing center. The sample consisted of 55 infants under high risk at a maternity hospital in Sao Paulo. The methodology included the examination of medical records and interviews with the mothers. We studied the age at the hospital, hearing screening, diagnosis, time between hospital discharge and screening, the time between hospital discharge and diagnosis and, finally, the time between screening and diagnosis. We compared the socioeconomic and cultural groups and the risk factors. Results: 55 infants were referred to the attendance and hearing screening was 76% (42). The mean age of hospital discharge was 38 days, the hearing screening was 42 days and the diagnosis was 95.1 days. The mean time between the discharge and screening was 13 days, between the discharge and the diagnosis was 40.8 days. The group attending the screening had lower weight, longer ICU stay, and greater number of risk factors, higher family income per person and more prenatal care than those who did not attend it. Conclusions: the children who showed greater adherence to the implementation of selective newborn hearing screening were those whose mothers attended a greater number of pre-natal cares, those that had increased incidence of risk factors, longer hospitalization and when the information in the maternity ward were more effective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: to study the sensitivity and specificity of automatic ABR in comparison to diagnostic ABR of newborns under risk in a neonatal hearing screening program. Method: one hundred and eighty six neonates were evaluated, 83 born at term and 103 were pre terms, 88 male and 98 female gender. Evaluation procedures consisted of transient otoacoustic emissions(TOAEs), A-ABR and diagnostic ABR carried out in the same week. Results: from the 186 evaluated newborns, 156 (83.9%) showed normal hearing. Conductive hearing loss was verified in nine neonates (4.8%), seven bilateral and two unilateral. Cochlear hearing loss was observed in five neonates (2.7%), one unilateral and four bilateral. Central evidences were observed in eleven neonates (5.9%) and one neonate was diagnosed with auditory neuropathy spectrum disorder (0,5%). In four cases, we found a maturational delay in the first evaluation with normal result within one month. In the comparison of A-ABR with diagnostic ABR, high sensitivity rates were observed (99% and higher) in the identification of cochlear, conductive, central and auditory neuropathy. Specificity rate of A-ABR was 100% for auditory neuropathy, 75% for right ear and 60% for left ear cochlear hearing losses and 54.5% for right ear and 63.6% for the left ear central abnormalities. For conductive hearing losses, specificity was low (lower than 43%). Conclusion: A-ABR was efficient in the identification of auditory neuropathies with high sensitivity and specificity rates. However, false negative responses were observed in the group diagnosed with cochlear and conductive hearing losses, central abnormalities and maturational delay. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: to check the agreement among the obtained results in hearing screening through the observation of behavioral responses and the transient evoked otoacoustic emissions. Method: a double-blind study was carried out with 139 infants attended in Neonatal Hearing Screening service of Santa Maria University Hospital. Different examiners evaluated the presence of eye blink reflex and transient evoked otoacoustic emissions. Results: among the 139 evaluated infants, 123 showed eye blink reflex and otoacoustic emissions; 10 showed only otoacoustic emissions; and 3 failed in both tests. Sixteen infants should be re-evaluated. Nine did not come back to repeat the tests. Seven children were re-evaluated, two passed in both tests; five maintained the failed status and they were referred to evaluation on Auditory Response Audiometry. Two children showed otoacoustic emissions, but did not have eye blink reflex. In the evaluation of Auditory Response Audiometry, one manifested normal hearing and the other showed acute hearing loss. One child who did not evidence otoacoustic emissions, but manifested eye blink reflex, had compatible Auditory Response Audiometry with moderate hearing loss in both ears. The infant who failed in both test showed severe bilateral hearing loss in the evaluation of Auditory Response Audiometry. Conclusion: even though the otoacoustic emissions are present, the absence of eye blink reflex should be considered a reason to evaluate the Auditory Response Audiometry, and this can be sign of auditory neuropathy. Considering that the analysis of otoacoustic emissions and the evaluation of eye blink reflex are complement procedures. The apparent disagreement among some results can show different types of hearing disorder. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: to assess the prevalence of hearing loss in a newborn hearing screening program and investigate mutations in the GJB2 gene in those with suspected hearing loss. Method: we performed longitudinal study of 908 term infants, post-term and preterm infants who underwent hearing screening by the test Emission Transient Evoked Otoacoustic (EOA-T) and cochlear palpebral reflex. For newborns, those who failed the hearing screening in one or both ears, were referred to a second evaluation. In the retest, while the EOA-T test result in not passing on one or both ears, the child was referred for evaluation and otorhinolaringology management. After completing the Auditory Evoked Potential test, the team of evaluators decided whether it should refer the child to investigate the mutation. When there was suspicion of hearing impairment we collected 3 mL of peripheral venous blood for the detection of mutation in the connexin 26 gene. Results: we observed the presence of conductive hearing loss in 2 neonates (0.22%) and sensorineural in 1 (0.11%). In children with sensorineural hearing loss we detected the presence of 35delG mutation. Conclusion: the audiological assessment in conjunction with molecular tests of the main GJB2 gene mutations in newborns with suspected hearing loss contributed to the rapid audiological diagnostic, seeking early intervention, educational and genetic counseling and prognosis of the child. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: to know the index of babies who failed in the EOAET diagnosis process in the Universal Neonatal Auditory Scan Program of an public hospital in Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil. Methods: the sample is composed of 1146 protocols of babies evaluated in the Universal Neonatal Auditory Scan Program in this hospital, in the period of July 2007 to April 2008. Results: Universal Neonatal Auditory Scan presented effectiveness of 69.4%, although the retest of the babies that failed in the EOAET diagnosis have shown that the success in the follow up process goes down significantly. From the total of the sample, 11 babies were suspected to have auditory loss and four had some alteration. Conclusion: data suggesting that the program needs to be improved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: to analyze the absolute amplitude and response level of transient evoked otoacoustic emissions in preterm and full-term newborns. Methods: 50 full-term and 50 preterm newborns took part in the study. They underwent newborn hearing screening, through research of transient evoked otoacoustic emissions, performed between 24 hours and 11 weeks of life. All newborns showed transient evoked otoacoustic emissions in the newborn hearing screening test. Results: no statistically significant difference of amplitude and response level was found between the full-term and preterm newborns. There was no significant correlation among factors such as prematurity, age of newborn at test and time of hearing stimulation with the results obtained. Conclusion: transient evoked otoacoustic emissions recorded in full-term and preterm newborns showed similar absolute amplitude and Response level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: to check the practice of newborn hearing screening in Curitiba-PR. Methods: a survey was initially conducted to check the number of existing maternities and hospitals with maternities included in the National Register of Health's Establishments. We found that 59 hospitals were registered; three are maternities and 18 are hospitals that include a maternity. We asked each of the professionals in charge for the institution if some kind of newborn hearing screening was conducted and, for those who had the service, a questionnaire was given in order to collect information on the program. Results: we found that 23.8% of the institutions perform newborn hearing screening. In 20% of them, this service is universal for full term babies, while in 80% of them it is available for premature/high risk babies. All of the services use Transient Evoked Otoacoustic Emissions (TEOAE). Conclusion: we concluded that the Brazilian law number 14588 - 22/12/2004 is not being followed. Despite of the need and the importance for early detection of hearing loss, hearing screening is not accomplished in all maternities. In places where such screening takes place, it is not universal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJETIVO: descrever os resultados de três protocolos de EOAET de um equipamento automático utilizado em um Programa de TAN. MÉTODO: o equipamento utilizado foi programado com três critérios diferenciados de passa/falha. Protocolo A: Passar em 4 bandas de frequência, não precisando ser consecutivas; Protocolo B: Passar em 3 bandas de frequência, não precisando ser consecutivas e Protocolo C: Passar em 2 bandas de frequência, não precisando ser consecutivas. Os parâmetros para considerar presença de respostas foram: reprodutibilidade acima de 50%, relação sinal ruído > que 3dB em 1.0 e 1.5kHz e > 6dB em 2.0, 3.0 e 4.0kHz. RESULTADOS: 574 orelhas foram analisadas, sendo que as bandas de frequência de 2.0, 3.0 e 4.0kHz foram as que apresentaram percentuais de "passa" mais elevados (94,1; 95,8 e 92,7%, respectivamente). A banda de frequência de 1.0kHz obteve resposta presente em apenas 9,9% das orelhas testadas. Verificou-se que a análise do Protocolo C (2 bandas) foi a que apresentou o maior percentual de passa (96,9%). Porém este percentual não é considerado estatisticamente diferente do Protocolo B, 3 bandas, (96,2%) com valor de p=0,520. Assim, ambas as bandas são consideradas iguais, podendo-se utilizar qualquer uma das duas. Entretanto o Protocolo A (4 bandas) obteve 79,8% de percentual de passa, apresentando uma taxa de falha elevada (22,2%). CONCLUSÕES: deve-se pesquisar, com o padrão-ouro, todos os protocolos para verificação daquele com melhor sensibilidade e especificidade, apesar de terem apresentado resultados similares entre critérios de passa para 2 ou 3 bandas de frequência.PURPOSE: to describe the results of three TEOE protocols obtained from automatic equipment used in a Newborn Hearing Screening Program. METHOD: during two months, TEOEs of 287 neonates in São Paulo were studied. To register them, we used a three-protocol, set up with different pass/fail criteria. The following protocols were registered: Protocol A: to pass in four frequency bands, not necessarily consecutive-; Protocol B: to pass in three frequency bands, not necessarily consecutive - and Protocol C: to pass in two frequency bands, not necessarily consecutive, as well. The parameters that we used to consider these answers were: reproducibility above 50%, as well as signal/noise ratio > 3dB at 1.0 and 1.5 kHz and > 6dB at 2.0, 3.0 and 4.0 kHz. RESULTS: TEOEs of 574 ears were analyzed and the 2.0, 3.0 and 4.0 frequencies showed the highest pass percentages (94.1, 95.8 and 92.7% for protocols A, B and C respectively). Protocol C showed the highest pass percentage, achieving 96,9%. Nevertheless, the results obtained in Protocol B, which had the presence of three bands, showed a similar percentage to Protocol C (96,2%). Therefore, there was a not statistically significant difference between Protocols B and C. 1.0 kHz frequency achieved a percentage of only 9.9 in the tested ears. CONCLUSIONS: one has to research Protocols A, B and C with gold standard in order to verify which one suits best in terms of sensibility and specificity, even though the three protocols studied showed similar results in pass criteria for two or three frequency bands.

OBJETIVO: descrever uma proposta de monitoramento de crianças, no primeiro ano de vida, que não foram identificadas na triagem auditiva neonatal, mas apresentavam indicadores de risco para deficiência auditiva. MÉTODO: participaram do estudo 258 crianças de risco que haviam obtido o resultado "passa" no Programa de Triagem Auditiva Neonatal Universal da Maternidade Santa Isabel - Bauru/SP no período de junho a novembro de 2008. Foi aplicado, via telefone, um questionário de acompanhamento do desenvolvimento da audição e da linguagem, validado em estudo anterior, contendo questões sobre a audição e a linguagem. Para cada questão havia duas possibilidades de resposta "sim" ou "não" e considerou-se como "falha", a obtenção de pelo menos uma resposta "não". Tal resultado refletia no agendamento da criança para realização de uma avaliação audiológica imediata. RESULTADOS: o questionário foi aplicado com 169 famílias, com as demais não foi obtido contato. Deste total, 164 (97,04%) apresentaram resultado "passa" e cinco (2,96%) resultado "falha". Dentre as cinco crianças, apenas três compareceram para avaliação audiológica e destas, uma não apresentava alterações e duas apresentavam perda auditiva condutiva. Observou-se prevalências distintas entre os fatores de risco e não houve relação (p>0,05) dos mesmos com a evasão no processo de monitoramento. CONCLUSÃO: o monitoramento por meio de aplicação de questionário via telefone mostrou-se viável, entretanto, é necessário o desenvolvimento de estratégias que favoreçam sua execução.PURPOSE: to describe the proposal of monitoring children in the first year of life, who were not identified in the newborn hearing screening program but had risk factors for hearing loss. METHOD: the study included 258 risk children who had obtained the result "pass" in the Universal Newborn Hearing Screening Program of Hospital Santa Isabel - Bauru/SP, from June to November 2008. It was applied by the telephone, a validated questionnaire in a previous study, containing questions about hearing and language. For each question there were two possible answers: "yes" or "no" and we considered "failure" to obtain at least one "no" answer. With such result, the child was scheduled to perform an immediate hearing evaluation. RESULTS: the questionnaire was applied with 169 families; with the others, there was no contact. From the total, 164 (97,04%) obtained "passed" and five (2,96%) "failed". Between these five children, only three showed up for hearing evaluation and one had no disorders; two presented conductive hearing loss. It was observed distinct prevalence among the risk factors and there was no relation (p>0,05) of the risk factors with the evasion in the monitoring process. CONCLUSION: the monitoring through a questionnaire applied by telephone proved to be feasible, however, it is necessary to develop strategies to support their execution.