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This study aimed at estimating the kinetic parameters of ruminal degradation of neutral detergent fiber from agroindustrial byproducts of cashew (pulp and cashew nut), passion fruit, melon, pineapple, West Indian cherry, grape, annatto and coconut through the gravimetric technique of nylon bag, and to evaluate the prediction equation of indigestible fraction of neutral detergent fiber suggested by the Cornell Net Carbohydrate and Protein System. Samples of feed crushed to 2 mm were placed in 7 × 14 cm nylon bags with porosity of 50 µm in a ratio of 20 g DM/cm² and incubated in duplicate in the rumen of a heifer at 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 16, 24, 36, 48, 72, 96 and 144 hours. The incubation residues were analyzed for NDF content and evaluated by a non-linear logistic model. The evaluation process of predicting the indigestible fraction of NDF was carried out through adjustment of linear regression models between predicted and observed values. There was a wide variation in the degradation parameters of NDF among byproducts. The degradation rate of NDF ranged from 0.0267 h-1 to 0.0971 h-1 for grape and West Indian cherry, respectively. The potentially digestible fraction of NDF ranged from 4.17 to 90.67%, respectively, for melon and coconut byproducts. The CNCPS equation was sensitive to predict the indigestible fraction of neutral detergent fiber of the byproducts. However, due to the high value of the mean squared error of prediction, such estimates are very variable; hence the most suitable would be estimation by biological methods.

Objetivou-se avaliar os efeitos do fornecimento de polpa cítrica na dieta sobre as características de carcaça e a qualidade da carne de cordeiros em confinamento. Utilizaram-se 32 cordeiros Santa Inês distribuídos em delineamento de blocos completos casualizados com quatro tratamentos e oito repetições, os quais foram definidos pelo peso e pela idade dos animais no início do experimento de desempenho. Os animais foram alimentados com rações contendo 90% de concentrado (milho moído e/ou polpa cítrica, farelo de soja e minerais) e 10% de feno de coastcross (Cynodon spp). A polpa cítrica foi adicionada nos níveis 23,7; 46,1 e 68,4% da MS em substituição a 33, 67 e 100% do milho. Ao atingirem 33 kg de peso corporal médio, os cordeiros foram abatidos para avaliação dos rendimentos de carcaça quente e fria, da perda por resfriamento, da espessura de gordura de cobertura, da área de olho-de-lombo, dos rendimentos de cortes e da proporção músculo:gordura:osso, além da capacidade de retenção de água, da cor, da perda de peso por cozimento e do pH da carne. As características de carcaça não foram alteradas pela substituição parcial ou total do milho por polpa cítrica. Entretanto, a substituição total do milho por polpa cítrica reduziu em 12,4% o teor de gordura na carcaça. The objective of this trial was to determine the effects of feeding diets containing citrus pulp on carcass characteristics and meat quality of feedlot lambs. Thirty-two Santa Ines lambs were distributed in a complete randomized block design according to body weight and age at the beginning of the performance trial. Lambs were fed diets containing 90% concentrate (corn and/or citrus pulp, soybean meal and minerals) and 10% coastcross hay (Cynodon spp). Citrus pulp was added at levels 23.7, 46.1 and 68.4% in the DM, replacing corn by 33, 67 or 100%. When lambs reached 33 kg of BW, they were slaughtered to determine dressing percentage, cold carcass yield, chilling loss, backfat thickness, loin eye area, cut yields and proportion of muscle, fat and bone. In addition, water holding capacity, color, cooking loss and pH were determined. Carcass characteristics were not altered by feeding citrus pulp to the lambs. However, the total replacement of corn by citrus pulp decreased carcass fat content by 12.4%.

Doze vacas lactantes, da raça Holandesa puras e mestiças, com peso vivo médio inicial de 550 kg, foram distribuídas em três quadrados latinos. O período experimental foi de 18 dias, sete de dias adaptação à dieta e onze dias para coleta de dados. A alimentação fornecida foi para atender os requerimentos de vacas não gestantes produzindo 20 kg de leite com 4,5% de gordura, com o objetivo de avaliar a digestibilidade dos nutrientes, esta em dois períodos de coleta de amostra de fezes (2 e 5 dias) e no líquido ruminal o pH e nitrogênio amoniacal. A digestibilidade dos nutrientes não foi afetada pelo período de coleta, como também não houve diferença na digestibilidade para os níveis crescentes de polpa cítrica. Não houve diferença significativa (P>0,05) para pH e nitrogênio amoniacal do rúmen para os diferentes tratamentos. A polpa cítrica pode substituir até 100% do milho em dietas completas para vacas produzindo em média 20 kg de leite sem alterar os parâmetros ruminais (pH e amônia amoniacal). Twelve milking cows, purebred and crossbred Holstein, with average weight of 550 kg, were allotted to three Latin Squares 4 x 4. The experimental period lasted 18 days, seven days for the adaptation to the diets and eleven days for data collection. Feeding was supplied to met the requirements of non pregnant cows, producing 20 kg of milk with 4.5% fat. The objective of this research was to evaluate the effects of replacement (0, 33, 67, 100%) of corn meal by pelleted citrus pulp in the concentrate in total mixed rations, observing the parameters digestibility of the nutrients, and ruminal pH and ammonia concentration during two periods of collection of sample of feces (2 and 5 days). The digestibility of the nutrients were not affected by the collection period, as well as there were not differences in the digestibility for the increasing levels of citrus pulp. No significant differences were observed for pH and ammonia concentration of the rumen for the different treatments. The citrus pulp can substitute up to 100% of the corn in complete diets for cows producing 20 kg of milk in average, without effect on the ruminal parameters (pH and ammonia concentration).

The objective of this paper was to analyze financial management practices in dairy production systems. More specifically, we sought to identify which milk producers adopt financial management practices. We conducted 55 semi-structured questionnaires in the Western Region of Paraná. The data were processed through descriptive and multivariate statistical analysis. The analysis of hierarchical clusters defined, based on variables related to financial management practices, two distinct groups. The first group included milk producers who do not adopt financial management practices (N = 49) and the second group described the milk producers who do adopt these practices (N = 6). We then used Common Factor Analysis, along with structural, technical, productive, and socioeconomic variables to define the three factors that best explained the variance between the clusters: factor 1 - structural; factor 2 - social; factor 3 - informational. Smaller dairy production systems, with lower production, managed by younger producers, and employing younger workers, are those adopting financial management practices. Therefore, the scarcity of resources is not a limiting factor in the adoption of financial management practices.

This study evaluated the correlation between measurements of rib-eye areas of sheep carcasses by traditional methods and those obtained by scanned images. Thirty pictures of the longissimus dorsi muscle of sheep carcasses were drawn on tracing paper and analyzed for muscle area (rib-eye) using four methods: scanned images, which utilizes the software DDA -Determinador Digital de Áreas (Digital Area Determiner); measurements "A" and "B" applied to the equation: (A/2 × B/2) × π; Planimeter method and rib-eye grid method. All rib-eye area figures were measured five times by each method, setting up a completely randomized experiment with four treatments and five replicates. Data were submitted to analysis of variance and means were compared by the Tukey test, Pearson correlation and linear regression by the SAS software. Easiness and difficulties perceived by the evaluators in the performance of each method were also recorded. The method of scanned images analyzed by the software DDA showed high correlation with the methods traditionally used, and can be considered feasible to determine carcass rib-eye area, with the advantage of being easy to operate, flexible, and economical.

Submitted by Guilherme Lemeszenski (guilherme@nead.unesp.br) on 2013-08-22T19:07:51Z No. of bitstreams: 1 S1516-35982011001200024.pdf: 55584 bytes, checksum: ff5f64b65795ff9c1e4bdafc336a90ce (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2013-08-22T19:07:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 S1516-35982011001200024.pdf: 55584 bytes, checksum: ff5f64b65795ff9c1e4bdafc336a90ce (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-12-01 Made available in DSpace on 2013-09-30T18:28:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S1516-35982011001200024.pdf: 55584 bytes, checksum: ff5f64b65795ff9c1e4bdafc336a90ce (MD5) S1516-35982011001200024.pdf.txt: 36852 bytes, checksum: 39db4ccbd359f3611eda47c2348282a9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-12-01 Submitted by Vitor Silverio Rodrigues (vitorsrodrigues@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2014-05-20T13:41:35Z No. of bitstreams: 2 S1516-35982011001200024.pdf: 55584 bytes, checksum: ff5f64b65795ff9c1e4bdafc336a90ce (MD5) S1516-35982011001200024.pdf.txt: 36852 bytes, checksum: 39db4ccbd359f3611eda47c2348282a9 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-20T13:41:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S1516-35982011001200024.pdf: 55584 bytes, checksum: ff5f64b65795ff9c1e4bdafc336a90ce (MD5) S1516-35982011001200024.pdf.txt: 36852 bytes, checksum: 39db4ccbd359f3611eda47c2348282a9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-12-01 O experimento foi realizado com o objetivo de predizer a digestibilidade da matéria seca (MS) de rações para coelhos em crescimento mediante equações baseadas no conceito de entidade nutritiva ideal. Foram usados 100 coelhos do Grupo Genético Botucatu, com 42 dias de idade. Testaram-se 16 rações contendo alimentos volumosos (papel, sabugo de milho, bagaço de cana ou maravalha de pínus), mais milho, farelo de soja, óleo de soja, caulim e sal comum. Os volumosos foram incluídos em quatro níveis, para se obter 22, 28, 34 ou 40% de fibra em detergente neutro (FDN) e 16% de proteína bruta (PB). O experimento foi realizado em duas fases, em delineamento experimental de blocos ao acaso. Observou-se efeito linear positivo da FDN sobre o consumo de MS. As médias de digestibilidade da MS variaram entre 60,10 e 80,78%. Houve efeito linear negativo da FDN, bem como interação do teor de FDN × volumoso, sobre a digestibilidade aparente da MS. Ao contrário dos componentes fibrosos, a proteína bruta PB e o conteúdo celular comportaram-se como entidade nutritiva ideal. Para predizer a digestibilidade da MS, testaram-se três modelos e o melhor baseou-se no teor de conteúdo celular, com digestibilidade verdadeira fixada em 1; outro no teor de FDN, cuja digestibilidade foi predita mediante uma equação empírica; e o terceiro, na perda endógena de conteúdo celular, considerada proporcional ao consumo de MS. A principal dificuldade na formulação de modelos para predizer a digestibilidade aparente da MS em coelhos é estimar com precisão a digestibilidade da FDN e a perda endógena de conteúdo celular. É necessário avaliar em estudos futuros o uso de maiores níveis de fibra nas rações. Para rações com níveis de fibra situados na amplitude deste estudo, recomenda-se usar o modelo 3, que inclui, além da fibra em detergente neutro, a fibra em detergente ácido e a lignina. The experiment was conducted with the objective of predicting the dry matter (DM) digestibility of rations for growing rabbits, by means of equations based on the concept of ideal nutritive entity. One hundred 42-day-old rabbits from the Botucatu Genetic Group were used. Sixteen rations were tested, containing roughage (paper, corn cobs, sugarcane bagasse or pine shavings), plus corn, soybean meal, soybean oil, kaolin and common salt. Roughages were included at four levels, to obtain 22, 28, 34 or 40% neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and 16% crude protein (CP). The experiment was accomplished in two periods, in a randomized block design. Positive linear effect of NDF on DM intake was observed. The means of DM digestibility varied between 60.10 and 80.78%. There was a negative linear effect of NDF, as well as of the NDF content × roughage interaction on the DM apparent digestibility. Both CP and cell contents behaved as ideal nutritive entity, but the fibrous components did not. To predict DM digestibility, three models were tested; the best model was based on the cell contents, with true digestibility fixed at 1; another on the NDF content, whose digestibility was predicted by means of an empiric equation; and the third one on the endogenous loss of cell contents. The main difficulty in the formulation of models for apparent DM digestibility prediction is to estimate, with precision, NDF digestibility and cell contents endogenous loss. Future studies evaluating higher fiber levels in the diets are needed. For diets with fiber content within the range tested in the present study, model 3, which includes, besides neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber and lignin, is recommended. Universidade Estadual Paulista Universidade Estadual Paulista Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia Departamento de Produção Animal Universidade Estadual Paulista Universidade Estadual Paulista Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia Departamento de Produção Animal

Submitted by Guilherme Lemeszenski (guilherme@nead.unesp.br) on 2013-08-22T19:07:37Z No. of bitstreams: 1 S1516-35982010000500030.pdf: 293253 bytes, checksum: 76dd9278263c711bbb33bd9b3460ccd2 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2013-08-22T19:07:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 S1516-35982010000500030.pdf: 293253 bytes, checksum: 76dd9278263c711bbb33bd9b3460ccd2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-05-01 Made available in DSpace on 2013-09-30T20:12:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S1516-35982010000500030.pdf: 293253 bytes, checksum: 76dd9278263c711bbb33bd9b3460ccd2 (MD5) S1516-35982010000500030.pdf.txt: 30012 bytes, checksum: 12f0e8b970c31dfebf2be3610d3d8b17 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-05-01 Submitted by Vitor Silverio Rodrigues (vitorsrodrigues@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2014-05-20T13:28:38Z No. of bitstreams: 2 S1516-35982010000500030.pdf: 293253 bytes, checksum: 76dd9278263c711bbb33bd9b3460ccd2 (MD5) S1516-35982010000500030.pdf.txt: 30012 bytes, checksum: 12f0e8b970c31dfebf2be3610d3d8b17 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-20T13:28:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S1516-35982010000500030.pdf: 293253 bytes, checksum: 76dd9278263c711bbb33bd9b3460ccd2 (MD5) S1516-35982010000500030.pdf.txt: 30012 bytes, checksum: 12f0e8b970c31dfebf2be3610d3d8b17 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-05-01 Objetivou-se estudar as medidas de espessura de gordura subcutânea, área de olho-de-lombo, comprimento e profundidade máxima do músculo longissimus dorsi entre a 13ª costela e 1ª vértebra lombar determinadas por ultrassom e na carcaça de ovelhas de descarte abatidas em diferentes estágios fisiológicos, além dos coeficientes de correlação e determinação das medidas avaliadas. Utilizaram-se 21 ovelhas da raça Santa Inês, distribuídas nos seguintes grupos: OL = ovelhas que permaneceram por 60 dias em lactação com seus cordeiros e foram abatidas um dia após o desmame dos mesmos; OSC = ovelhas que permaneceram por 60 dias em lactação com seus cordeiros e mais 30 dias sem os cordeiros e foram posteriormente abatidas; e ONP = ovelhas que não pariram durante o ano. O comprimento máximo do músculo longissimus dorsi obtido pelo ultrassom e na carcaça dos animais não foi influenciado pelos estágios fisiológicos. O ultrassom pode ser utilizado com razoável precisão para estimar características da carcaça de ovelhas de descarte, em particular a espessura de gordura subcutânea. The objective of this paper was to study subcutaneous fat thickness, loin eye area, length and maximum depth measurements of the longissimus dorsi muscle between the 13th rib and the 1st lumbar vertebra determined by ultrasound examination and on the carcass of discard ewes slaughtered in different physiological stages, besides correlation and determination coefficients among measurements evaluated. It was used 21 Santa Ines ewes distributed into the following treatments: EL = ewes that remained in lactation for 60 days with their respective lambs and slaughtered one day after weaning; EWL = ewes that remained in lactation for 60 days with their respective lambs one more period of approximately 30 days without the lambs and slaughtered afterwards; and ENC = ewes that did not give birth during the year. Results showed that the maximum length of the longissimus dorsi muscle obtained by ultrasound examination and on carcass of the animals were not influenced by the experimental treatments. The ultrasound can be used with reasonable accuracy to estimate characteristics of the carcass of discard ewes, particularly the thickness of subcutaneous fat. Unesp FEIS DBZ Unesp FMVZ DPA Unesp FCAV Unesp FEIS DBZ Unesp FMVZ DPA Unesp FCAV