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Introduction: The remineralizing property of saliva contributes to maintain the physical and chemical integrity of the mineral structure of teeth, which protects it from the installation and evolution of dental caries. Objective: To relate sialometry, buffering capacity (BC), calcium and phosphate in whole stimulated saliva, and calcium and phosphate in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF), with school children caries severity and activity. Materials and methods: 36 schoolchildren aged 6 years; 18 with caries (ICDAS>1 group) and 18 without caries (ICDAS=0 group) was selected. The severity and activity of dental caries was diagnosed in the primary dentition; in the occlusal surface (OS) of molars and in the vestibular (VS) of the anterior teeth, by ICDAS-II. Results: In OS it was evidenced more severity of caries than in VS. The concentration of calcium in saliva and phosphate in healthy teeth GCF were higher in the ICDAS>1 group. The concentration of calcium in GCF was higher in the ICDAS=0 group than in the decayed teeth of the ICDAS>1 group. Statistically significant association between the frequency of active caries with the concentration of phosphate in GCF of teeth with caries, and between the severity of caries with BF and the concentration of phosphate in the GCF of teeth with caries. Conclusion: It was evidenced an association between dental caries with BC and buccal calcium and phosphate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]