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Introduction: The present article reports an overview of the studies about combination treatment with citicoline of Alzheimer's (AD) and mixed dementia (MD)., Methods: A Medline search was carried out by using the keywords Alzheimer's dementia, mixed dementia, older people, treatment with citicoline, memantine, and acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (AchEIs)., Results: Six studies were found to match the combination treatment of citicoline with AcheIs and/or memantine. The CITIRIVAD and CITICHOLINAGE studies were the first to report the potential benefits of adding citicoline to acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (AchEIs). Then, we added citicoline to memantine in the CITIMEM study, and finally, we demonstrated benefits in terms of delay in cognitive worsening with the triple therapy (citicoline + AchEIs + memantine). Other authors also reinforced our hypothesis through two further studies., Conclusion: Open, prospective studies are advised to confirm the utility of combination therapy with citicoline for the treatment of AD and MD., (Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.net.)

Background: Citicoline is a drug used both in degenerative and in vascular cognitive decline; memantine is a drug used for the treatment of mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease (AD). Our hypothesis is that their combined use could have enhanced action in patients having AD and mixed dementia (MD). We report the main tips from a recent study on the use of these drugs, the CITIMEM study., Methods: The study was retrospective and was performed on 126 patients aged 65 years old or older affected with AD or MD (mean age 80.7 ± 5.2 years old) who had been visited between 2015 and 2017 in four different centers for dementia all over Italy. Neuropsychological and functional tests were administered at baseline (T0), after 6 (T1), and 12 months (T2). The effects of combined treatment versus memantine alone on cognitive functions assessed by Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and the possible onset of side effects or adverse events, as well as the influence on daily life functions and behavioral symptoms, were investigated., Results: Patients undergoing combined treatment showed a significant increase in MMSE vs. memantine alone, both at T1 (p=0.003) and T2 (p =0.000)., Conclusion: The CITIMEM study confirms our hypothesis that the combined administration of memantine plus citicoline is safe and more effective than memantine alone on cognition in patients suffering from AD or MD., (Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.net.)