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Of the seven species of Pacific salmon, only one, masu salmon, Oncorhynchus masou, spawns exclusively in the western Pacific. Four subspecies of masou salmon are presently recognized, masu salmon (O. masou masou), amago salmon (O. masou ishikawae), Biwa salmon (O. masou subsp.), and Formosa landlocked salmon (O. masou formosanus). Formosa landlocked salmon only occurs in one location in Taiwan and is therefore considered to be the southernmost Pacific salmon. Its limited range (since the 1990s, it inhabits only the Chichiawan Stream within the Shei-Pa National Park), genetic discreteness, and its low and fluctuating population numbers suggests that it may be the most endangered salmon in the world. The international symposium on Formosa landlocked salmon and masu salmon, held in Taiwan in October 2009, brought together scientists focusing on all subspecies of masu salmon to update knowledge and apply it to the conservation of Formosa salmon. This was the third symposium to focus on Formosa salmon (previous ones held in 1990 and 2000), but the first to include masu salmon biologists from Japan. The goal was to present updates on recent research which could shed light on future policies concerning conservation of Formosa salmon. The meeting was organized and hosted by Professor J. -C. Gwo (National Taiwan Ocean University) who gave the introductory plenary lecture summarizing what is known about the biology of the subspecies in Taiwan and highlighting his work on genetic and morphological differentiation of Formosa salmon. The first day encompassed two themes, biology of Formosa salmon, and conservation of salmon. The second day included two more themes, biotechnology of salmon, and salmon production and ecology. Each theme was introduced by a plenary speaker followed by contributed presentations for a total of 26 talks and 2 poster presentations. Following Dr. Gwo’s talk, Yang (retired former Taiwan Fishery Institute member) presented a historical overview of research on Formosa salmon in Taiwan. This was followed by presentations outlining an environmental literacy program in Taiwan (Wang, National Taiwan Normal University), a review of alternative reproductive strategies in male masu salmon (Maekawa, Hokkaido University), and a geological perspective on the origin of Formosa salmon (Shieh, National Taiwan Museum). The second theme was introduced by a review of the conservation genetics of exploited and endangered fish species (Gold, Texas A&M) and was followed by three studies using modeling approaches The first provided an overview of the Wuling (the area within Shei-Pa Park) long-term ecological research and modeling (Lin, Academia Sinica), the second study outlined climate change impacts on Formosa salmon habitat (Tung, National Taiwan University), and the third examined population F. Juanes (&) Department of Natural Resources Conservation, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA e-mail: juanes@nrc.umass.edu

Overfishing has depleted many fish stocks to histor-ically low levels. The goal of fisheries management isto rebuild commercially valuable marine biomass.Recently a shift has occurred away from singlespecies management towards ecosystem-based man-agement. A major aspect of ecosystem managementis identifying and protecting ‘critical habitat’. Despitethis focus on habitat, it has received little attention infield studies. Marine Habitat and Cover attempts toaddress this need for future research by exploring theuse of habitat as cover in marine systems. The author,John Caddy, makes use of his extensive backgroundand a review of primary literature to present topicsrelevant to habitat use and restoration. This reviewwas performed as part of a graduate aquatic ecologyclass.The book is organized into nine chapters withmultiple sub-sections within each chapter. The intro-duction provides the reader with some background onthe laws and regulations that govern human impactson marine habitat. It finishes with a bulleted list offactors affecting the ability of fish stocks to recover,with the final four bullets dealing directly with habitatand its use by fish as cover. Chapter 1 introduces thereader to the subject matter with some generaldefinitions of key words and an overview of habitatconstraints on fishes. We are also introduced to theauthor’s method of using conceptual models toillustrate his points. Chapter 2 seeks to create adialog about critical habitat and its place in stockrecovery. The author argues that a structural bottle-neck exists as a result of limited suitable cover, wherethe survival of a juvenile fish is most vulnerable.Caddy further suggests that this lack of ideal covercould play a more vital role in juvenile survival thanfood abundance. He also introduces the concept offractality for measuring the efficiency of habitat ascover.Chapter 3 begins with a description of the structureof cover and introduces the notion that preferredcover varies ontogenetically and becomes morelimiting with increasing body size. The fractalcoefficient is defined, but a more detailed descriptionof the fractal concept in addition to proper expressionof all terms would have permitted better comprehen-sion of the equations provided. The chapter closeswith two interesting examples of how cover depen-dent species may experience higher predationmortality with size due to displacement. The nextchapter outlines the influence of cover on behavior.Caddy expands on the concept of fractality todescribe the holding capacity of habitat. The holdingcapacity dictates how the habitat is utilized as well asthe size distribution of fishes present. He alsointroduces the idea of cover corridors that extendfrom one habitat to another during different stages ofa fish’s life history. Within these cover corridors are

s of all talks are available on the AFS website (www.fisheries.org) and extended summaries are available on the IMCS-Rutgers website (http:// marine.rutgers.edu/cmer/bluefish).