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A focusing soft x‐ray beam line equipped with a focusing premirror and a double crystal monochromator (DXM) has been constructed at BL1A in the UVSOR. An elliptically bent cylindrical mirror was used as the focusing premirror in order to attain both horizontal and vertical focusing at the sample position. Ray tracing shows that the size and shape of the focused spot at sample position with an elliptically bent cylindrical mirror is almost the same as that of an ellipsoidal mirror. Measured spot size of the monochromatic x‐ray beam at the sample position was about 2 mm wide and 1 mm high, which is in good agreement with the result of ray tracing. Monochromatic x rays were observed up to 4 keV even after reflection by a platinum coated premirror with grazing angle of 1°.

The Cu L2,3‐edge x‐ray absorption fine structures (XAFS) of a series of Cu samples have been recorded at the BL1A beamline of UVSOR using both electron yield and x‐ray fluorescence yield techniques. XAFS measurements were simultaneously recorded in three modes: total electron yield (TEY) with specimen current, total electron yield with a channeltron electron multiplier and x‐ray fluorescence yield (FLY) with an Ar/CH4 gas proportional counter. While both TEY measurements produce essentially identical spectra, a comparison between TEY and FLY results shows a drastic difference in the sensitivity of the techniques towards sampling depth. These results and their implications are discussed.

A new spherical grating monochromator with translational and rotational assembly including a normal incidence mount (SGM‐TRAIN) is under construction at BL 5A of the UVSOR Facility, IMS, and its design concept is reported. The following points have been taken into account in the design: (1) Energy range of 5–250 eV, (2) use both of undulator and bending magnet radiation, (3) linear and circular polarizations, (4) spectral purity, (5) resolution, and (6) length of beamline. It should be stressed that the SGM‐TRAIN is useful for experiments where circularly polarized synchrotron radiation is used. Moreover, the SGM‐TRAIN has the advantage that the small emittance of storage ring and the large space for a long beamline are not necessary.

A constant‐deviation constant‐length spherical grating monochromator was constructed at the bending‐magnet beamline 8B1 of the UVSOR. The monochromator has a simple scanning mechanism with a fixed position of the entrance and exit slits, as well as fixed directions of incident and exit photon beams. The monochromator was designed to cover the photon energy of 31–620 eV with three interchangeable laminar gratings (1080 lines/mm: R=15 m, 540 lines/mm: R=15 m, 360 lines/mm: R=7.5 m). All gratings are original gratings fabricated on synthetic quartz substrates and coated with Au. The resolving power evaluated by ray tracing at the lowest energy of each grating with 10 μm slit width is ∼4400 for two high energy gratings and ∼7000 for a low energy grating. In the preliminary performance check, it was found that the output spectrum of the monochromator with G1 grating extends up to 870 eV with resolving power of ∼4000 at 400 eV with 10 μm slits.

In order to extend the available photon energy range of the double‐crystal monochromator (DXM) to lower energy than that obtainable with beryl crystal, β‐alumina crystals (Na2O [Al2O3]11, 2d=22.53 A) were tested as the monochromator crystal. The intensity and resolution of the monochromatized x ray from the DXM with the β‐alumina crystals were compared to those with beryl crystals. The β‐alumina crystals cover the energy region from 580 to 1740 eV (Bragg angle 71.5°–18.5°) with an intensity more than ten times higher than that obtained with the beryl crystals. The resolution of a pair of the β‐alumina crystals used is estimated to be about 1 eV at 931 eV, which is almost two times wider than that of beryl crystals (0.46 eV).