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Measuring the pressure of a gasket (Pg) and cell (Pc) in situ is the key point to understanding the mechanism of pressure-generation and pressure-seal for the widely used large volume cubic press. However, it is a challenge to measure Pg due to the large deformation in the gasket zone and the complex rheological behavior of the pressure transmitting medium. Herein, a method of in situ electric resistance measurement has been developed to measure Pg. The open circuit failure in electric resistance measurement was avoided by using powder electrodes which could match the mould-pressed pyrophyllite cube in rheological behavior during compression. The relationships between press-load vs. Pc and press-load vs. Pg were obtained through in situ electric resistance measurements of bismuth, thallium, barium, and manganin. It was found that Pg exceeded Pc at around 5 GPa and Pc generated in the large volume cubic press was limited to the rapid rise of Pg above 5 GPa. Furthermore, the maximum ΔP (ΔP = Pc − Pg) above 0.9 GPa has been observed when Pc was released to a pressure range of 3–4 GPa, and this also leads to a large probability of high pressure cavity seal failure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Crystal solubility is one of the most important thermo-physical properties and plays a key role in industrial applications, fundamental science, and geoscientific research. However, high-pressure in situ measurements of crystal solubility remain very challenging. Here, we present a method involving high-pressure neutron diffraction for making high-precision in situ measurements of crystal solubility as a function of pressure over a wide range of pressures. For these experiments, we designed a piston-cylinder cell with a large chamber volume for high-pressure neutron diffraction. The solution pressures are continuously monitored in situ based on the equation of state of the sample crystal. The solubility at a high pressure can be obtained by applying a Rietveld quantitative multiphase analysis. To evaluate the proposed method, we measured the high-pressure solubility of NaCl in water up to 610 MPa. At a low pressure, the results are consistent with the previous results measured ex situ. At a higher pressure, more reliable data could be provided by using an in situ high-pressure neutron diffraction method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Amorphous metallic alloys lack long-range atomic order and consequently exhibit excellent homogeneity, no microstructure discontinuities, and no sharp x-ray diffraction peaks. Moreover they have higher tensile fracture strength and hardness than those of traditional crystalline metals. These excellent physical properties make bulk metallic glasses good candidates for high pressure gaskets for in situ x-ray/neutron diffraction experiments. We tested the Pd[sub 40]Ni[sub 40]P[sub 20] amorphous alloy as a gasket material in three experiments. The behavior of the Pd[sub 40]Ni[sub 40]P[sub 20] amorphous alloy under a hydrostatic/nonhydrostatic pressure of over 100 GPa was investigated by in situ synchrotron x-ray diffraction. The pressure gradient of the amorphous metallic gasket in the diamond anvil cell was measured on the ruby fluorescence scale during compression and decompression. The results show that bulk metallic glasses are good high-pressure gasket materials for in situ x-ray diffraction experiments. © 2003 American Institute of Physics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]