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This paper reports on the design and characteristics of a compact module integrating an optical displacement sensor and an electromagnetic actuator for use with vibration–isolation systems installed in KAGRA, the 3-km baseline gravitational-wave detector in Japan. In the technical concept, the module belongs to a family tree of similar modules used in other interferometric gravitational-wave detector projects. After the initial test run of KAGRA in 2016, the sensor part, which is a type of slot sensor, was modified by increasing the spacing of the slot from 5 mm to 15 mm to avoid the risk of mechanical interference with the sensor flag. We confirm that the sensor performance is comparable to that of the previous design despite the modification. We also confirm that the sensor noise is consistent with the theoretical noise budget. The noise level is 0.5 nm/Hz1/2 at 1 Hz and 0.1 nm/Hz1/2 at 10 Hz, and the linear range of the sensor is 0.7 mm or more. We measured the response of the actuator to be 1 N/A and also measured the resistances and inductances of coils of the actuators to confirm consistency with theory. Coupling coefficients among the different degrees of freedom were also measured and shown to be negligible, varying little between designs. A potential concern about thermal noise contribution due to eddy current loss is discussed. As of 2020, 42 of the modules are in operation at the site. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The energy-resolved neutron imaging system, RADEN, has been installed at the pulsed neutron source in the Materials and Life Science Experimental Facility of the Japan Proton Accelerator Research Complex. In addition to conventional neutron radiography and tomography, RADEN, the world's first imaging beam-line at a pulsed neutron source, provides three main options for new, quantitative neutron imaging techniques: Bragg-edge imaging to visualize the spatial distribution of crystallographic information, resonance absorption imaging for elemental composition and temperature information, and polarized neutron imaging for magnetic field information. This paper describes the results of characterization studies of the neutronic performance and installed devices at RADEN and shows the results of several demonstration studies for pulsed neutron imaging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The SPring-8 project is in progress in Japan. The main facility is an 8 GeV storage ring dedicated to synchrotron radiation [H. Kamitsubo et al. (this conference)]. The main feature of the ring is in the free straight sections 30 m long. In this paper the design of the long straight sections and how to use them is described. The long free straights are achieved through two phases to make the commissioning of the ring smooth. In the second phase, the long free straight sections are available. These long straight sections have the following potential to realize (1) extremely high brilliance, (2) multiundulators with broadband, and (3) free electron lasers. The emittance of the stored electron beam can be reduced to subnano m tad at 4 GeV with damping wigglers. Three-order higher brilliance can be obtained around 4 keV. With these optics, three-dimensional simulation was performed for free electron lasers (FEL). The calculated gain was not so large in the practical peak current level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We have developed a novel ion source and beam diagnostic system for the production and detection of radioactive francium (Fr) isotopes. The Fr ions are produced using a fusion–evaporation reaction at the RIKEN Nishina Center, Japan. The installation of an infrared heater has enabled a precise and rapid control of the target temperature, and the newly developed diagnostic system allows for a quantitative characterization of the extracted ion beam. With the new system, an analysis of the F r 208 − 211 isotopes has been performed. Additionally, the flux of F r 210 ions has been estimated as 6.7 × 106 s−1 corresponding to an extraction efficiency of 24.5% and a beam purity of 1.6 × 10−5. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We developed a shutter driven by a solenoid to switch on/off the atomic beam of optical lattice clocks developed at KRISS [C. Y. Park et al., Metrologia 50, 119 (2013), S. Lee et al., New J. Phys. 18, 033030 (2016), H. Kim et al., Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 56, 050302 (2017), and H. Kim et al., Metrologia 58, 055007 (2021)]. The shutter design was focused on long lifetime and compatibility with an ultra-high vacuum (UHV) environment. Thus, the solenoid was designed to be easily installed and removed from the air-side of a CF flange of the shutter. The flag in the vacuum-side moves only with the simple spring action of a sheet of a metal plate without any frictional movement of mechanical parts. All parts in the vacuum-side were made of metals (stainless steel and pure iron) to be baked over the temperature of 200 °C for UHV. The flag head of the shutter displaces up to 10 mm (5 mm) with a response time of 50 (30 ms) and 80 ms (10 ms) for the opening-action and the closing-action, respectively. The lifetime was tested up to 6 × 106 cycles with no performance degradation. We expect the actual lifetime to be much longer than this by virtue of its friction-free design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The collisional merging experiments of the field-reversing configuration (FRC) at supersonic/Alfvénic velocities have been performed in the FRC Amplification via Translation-Collisional Merging device only in Japan. This experiment may excite shockwaves and cause particle acceleration. To obtain supporting evidence of particle acceleration by shockwaves, we have proposed to observe neutrons originating from the D–D fusion reaction of accelerated non-thermal particles. A plastic scintillation detector has been developed for the supersonic/Alfvénic collision/merging FRC experiment. The developed neutron detector has sufficient performance of neutron sensitivity and nanosecond response time. In the collisional merging process, we obtained a signal that could be considered a neutron, which is not predicted by the adiabatic compression process in the two-dimensional magnetohydrodynamics simulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The experimental basis and instrumentation for the Gekko XII laser fusion program developed at the Institute of Laser Engineering (ILE), Osaka University are presented. Many diagnostics are in use to evaluate the key parameters of target implosion in an extremely dense, short period region. In this paper, we describe the present status and future planning of these diagnostics, such as xray, radioactive, and reaction particle measurement, because of their importance for fuel ρR determination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For the purpose of future visualization of the flow field in superfluid helium-4, clusters of the triplet state excimer 4He2* are generated along the micro-scale recoil tracks of the neutron-absorption reaction n + 3He → 3T + p. This reaction is induced by neutron irradiation of the 3He fraction contained in natural isotopic abundance liquid helium with neutron beams either from the Japan Proton Accelerator Research Complex, Materials and Life Science Experimental Facility (JPARC)/Materials and Life Science Experimental Facility or from the Kyoto University Institute for Integrated Radiation and Nuclear Science. These 4He2* clusters are expected to be ideal tracers of the normal-fluid component in superfluid helium with several advantageous properties. Evidence of the excimer generation is inferred by detection of laser induced fluorescence emitted from the 4He2* clusters excited by a purpose-built short pulse gain-switched titanium:sapphire (Ti:sa) laser operating at a wavelength of 905 nm. The setup and performance characteristics of the laser system including the Ti:sa and two continuous wave re-pumping lasers are described. Detection at the fluorescence wavelength of 640 nm is performed by using optical bandpass filtered photomultiplier tubes (PMT). Electrical noise in the PMT acquisition traces could successfully be suppressed by post-processing with a simple algorithm. Despite other laser-related backgrounds, the excimer was clearly identified by its fluorescence decay characteristics. Production of the excimer was found to be proportional to the neutron flux, adjusted via insertion of different collimators into the neutron beam. These observations suggest that the apparatus we constructed does function in the expected manner and, therefore, has the potential for groundbreaking turbulence research with superfluid helium. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The time difference between coordinated universal time (UTC) and a hydrogen maser, which is a master oscillator for the local realization of UTC at the National Metrology Institute of Japan (NMIJ), has been predicted by using one of the deep learning techniques called a one-dimensional convolutional neural network (1D-CNN). Regarding the prediction result obtained by the 1D-CNN, we have observed improvement in the accuracy of prediction compared with that obtained by the Kalman filter. Although more investigations are required to conclude that the 1D-CNN can work as a good predictor, the present results suggest that the computational approach based on the deep learning technique may become a versatile method for improving the synchronous accuracy of UTC(NMIJ) relative to UTC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

KAGRA is a cryogenic interferometric gravitational wave detector currently under construction in the Kamioka mine in Japan. Besides the cryogenic test masses, KAGRA will also rely on room temperature optics which will hang at the bottom of vibration isolation chains. The payload of each chain comprises an optic, a system to align it, and an active feedback system to damp the resonant motion of the suspension itself. This article describes the performance of a payload prototype that was assembled and tested in vacuum at the TAMA300 site at the NAOJ in Mitaka, Tokyo. We describe the mechanical components of the payload prototype and their functionality. A description of the active components of the feedback system and their capabilities is also given. The performance of the active system is illustrated by measuring the quality factors of some of the resonances of the suspension. Finally, the alignment capabilities offered by the payload are reported. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High power, long pulse millimeter (mm) wave experiments of the RF test stand (RFTS) of Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA) were performed. The system consists of a 1 MW/170 GHz gyrotron, a long and short distance transmission line (TL), and an equatorial launcher (EL) mock-up. The RFTS has an ITER-relevant configuration, i.e., consisted by a 1 MW-170 GHz gyrotron, a mm wave TL, and an EL mock-up. The TL is composed of a matching optics unit, evacuated circular corrugated waveguides, 6-miter bends, an in-line waveguide switch, and an isolation valve. The EL-mock-up is fabricated according to the current design of the ITER launcher. The Gaussian-like beam radiation with the steering capability of 20°-40° from the EL mock-up was also successfully proved. The high power, long pulse power transmission test was conducted with the metallic load replaced by the EL mock-up, and the transmission of 1 MW/800 s and 0.5 MW/1000 s was successfully demonstrated with no arcing and no damages. The transmission efficiency of the TL was 96%. The results prove the feasibility of the ITER electron cyclotron heating and current drive system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A plasma generator for a long pulse H+/D+ ion source has been developed. The plasma generator was designed to produce 65 A H+/D+ beams at an energy of 120 keV from an ion extraction area of 12 cm in width and 45 cm in length. Configuration of the plasma generator is a multi-cusp bucket type with SmCo permanent magnets. Dimension of a plasma chamber is 25 cm in width, 59 cm in length, and 32.5 cm in depth. The plasma generator was designed and fabricated at Japan Atomic Energy Agency. Source plasma generation and beam extraction tests for hydrogen coupling with an accelerator of the KSTAR ion source have been performed at the KSTAR neutral beam test stand under the agreement of Japan-Korea collaborative experiment. Spatial uniformity of the source plasma at the extraction region was measured using Langmuir probes and ±7% of the deviation from an averaged ion saturation current density was obtained. A long pulse test of the plasma generation up to 200 s with an arc discharge power of 70 kW has been successfully demonstrated. The arc discharge power satisfies the requirement of the beam production for the KSTAR NBI. A 70 keV, 41 A, 5 s hydrogen ion beam has been extracted with a high arc efficiency of 0.9 -1.1 A/kW at a beam extraction experiment. A deuteron yield of 77% was measured even at a low beam current density of 73 mA/cm2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A single microparticle launching method is described to simulate the hypervelocity impacts of micrometeoroids and microdebris on space structures at the Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency. A microparticle placed in a sabot with slits is accelerated using a rifled two-stage light-gas gun. The centrifugal force provided by the rifling in the launch tube separates the sabot. The sabot-separation distance and the impact-point deviation are strongly affected by the combination of the sabot diameter and the bore diameter, and by the projectile diameter. Using this method, spherical projectiles of 1.0-0.1 mm diameter were launched at up to 7 km/s. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Presents an abstract of a paper detailing the construction of the Australian National Beamline Facility at the Photon Factory in Tsukuba, Japan. Sources of funding for the facility; Aim to provide Australian scientists with routine access to synchrotron radiation in the hard-x-ray region; Description of the multiconfiguration diffractometer installed at the beamline.

Presents an abstract of a paper on the results of high-resolution triple-crystal x-ray-diffraction experiments performed at the Australian National Beamline Facility at the Photon Factory in Tsukuba, Japan. Capabilities of the BIGDIFF two-axis high-resolution vacuum diffractometer; Lattice distortion; Depth resolution that is achievable using BIGDIFF.

Describes the performance and operation of a beam chopping system for a cyclotron with multiturn extraction. Beam chopping system at the Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute; Review of the chopping process; Performance of each chopper; Single-pulse beams and multiturn extraction.

Describes the installation of two sets of [sup 3]He-[sup 4]He dilution refrigerators with a top loading facility at beamlines 3C[sub 2] and 6C[sub 1] of the Photon Factory in Tsukuba, Japan. Cooling device; Operation features of the dilution refrigerator for diffractometry; Sample cell and its goniometric control.

Discusses the results of investigations at the Photon Factory in Tsukuba, Japan, on transmission x-ray phase retarders (TXPR) in both Bragg and Laue diffraction geometries. Applications of TXPR; Polarization control by transmission x-ray phase retarders; Polarization-tunable x-ray optics with higher intensity and degree of polarization.

A mirror furnace system for annealing of superconducting thin films, which is adapted for the world's longest dropshaft completed at Kamisunagawa, Japan, is described. The system must be designed for completing both melting and solidification processes during a short 10-s microgravity period, and also for withstanding the deceleration of a drop capsule in which the furnace system is Contained. All moving components must be operated so as not to disturb the microgravity environment. A random vibration test for the entire system was carried out before the microgravity experiment, and structural compatibility was verified. The furnace system worked well, and the accumulated number of free falls was 19. Results of annealing of the superconducting material at one gravity and microgravity were compared using scanning electron microscopy and x-ray microanalysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

in these ten years, thirteen compact sources whose electron energy is not higher than 1 GeV have been constructed in Japan. Five sources have been developed by Electrotechnical Laboratory jointly with Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd. and Kawasaki Heavy Industries, Ltd. It is worth mentioning that the operations of ten rings (NIJ-II, III, IV, NAR, SuperALIS, SORTEC, AURORA, LUNA, JSR, HITACHI) have started since 1988. Recent status of these sources and their intended applications including visible and ultraviolet free electron laser projects using insertion devices installed in TERAS and NIJI-IV are briefly reported and key technologies needed to realize compact sources for ultralarge scale integration lithography and angiography, such as the electron undulating method and long lived, high-current beam storage at the early stage of commissioning, are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We have developed a new ion source system in the isotope separator on-line at Japan Atomic Energy Agency, for separation of short-lived isotopes produced by proton-induced fission of 238U. The ion source system is a forced electron beam induced arc discharge version E type ion source with a target container. We successfully operated this system at 2000 °C as a result of reductions in volume of the ion source and the target container, introduction of heating method by electron bombardment, and improvement to the heat shield. This new ion source system was tested using 238U of 640 mg/cm2 with a proton primary beam of 30 MeV, 350 nA. Release times were measured for Kr, In, and Xe. The values of release times are 2.6 s for Kr, 1.8 s for In, and 4.6 s for Xe. In this work, the ion source system enabled us to mass-separate short-lived isotopes such as 93Kr(T1/2=1.286 s), 129In(T1/2=0.61 s), and 141Xe(T1/2=1.73 s) with intensity of 103 ions/s. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Describes a dual dispersive x-ray (DDX) diffraction system developed on the cubic-type multianvil press MAX80 of the beamline NE5C at the TRISTAN Accumulation Ring of the Photon Factory in Tsukuba, Japan. Layout of the DDX diffraction system; Energy dispersive x-ray diffraction mode; Angle dispersive x-ray diffraction mode; Volumetric compressibility.