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Objective: to verify the self-efficacy of parents and caregivers in controlling childhood asthma before and after an educational intervention and to associate the scores with sociodemographic factors. Methods: quasi-experimental study, with 65 parents and caregivers of children with asthma. The Self-Efficacy and Their Child’s Level of Asthma Control scale – Brazilian version – was used before and 30 days after the intervention with the reading of the booklet “Are you able to control your child’s asthma – let’s learn together?” For the analysis, McNemar’s Chi-square and Wilcoxon statistical tests were used. Results: after 30 days,the effect of the intervention demonstrated statistical significance between high self-efficacy scores and the following variables: marital status (Odds Ratio:2.6;p≤0.001), family income (Odds Ratio:3.4;p≤0.001) and Bolsa Família Program benefit (Odds Ratio:2.9;p≤0.001). Conclusion: the educational booklet was shown to be effective in increasing the self-efficacy of parents and caregivers in the control and management of childhood asthma. Objetivo: verificar a autoeficácia de pais e cuidadores no controle da asma infantil, antes e depois de intervenção educativa e associar os escores com os fatores sociodemográficos. Métodos: estudo quase-experimental, com 65 pais e cuidadores de crianças com asma. Utilizou-se a escala Self-Efficacy and Their Child’s Level of Asthma Control -versão brasileira antes e 30 dias depois da intervenção com a leitura da cartilha “Você é capaz de controlar a asma da sua criança – vamos aprender juntos?”. Para análise, realizaram-se os testes estatísticos Qui-quadrado de McNemar e Wilcoxon. Resultados: após 30 dias, o efeito da intervenção demonstrou significância estatística entre os escores de autoeficácia elevada e as variáveis: estado civil (Odds Ratio: 2,6;p≤0,001), rendafamiliar (Odds Ratio: 3,4; p≤0,001) e benefício do Programa Bolsa Família (Odds Ratio: 2,9;p≤0,001). Conclusão: acartilha educativa mostrou-se eficaz no aumento da autoeficácia de pais e cuidadores no controle e manejo da asma infantil.