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Purpose: To report the visual outcomes and complications in eyes with retained lens fragments (RLF) following cataract surgery undergoing pars plana lensectomy (PPL) and scleral-fixated intraocular lens insertion (SFIOL)., Methods: Patients with RLF who underwent pars plana vitrectomy (PPV), PPL, and SFIOL insertion from January 2015 to December 2022 were included. The visual acuity (VA) outcomes and complication rates were compared between those receiving sutured versus sutureless SFIOL insertion as well as those undergoing SFIOL insertion at the time of PPV and PPL versus those undergoing SFIOL insertion during a subsequent surgery., Results: 65 eyes of 65 patients were included. Median (interquartile range) pre-operative logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (logMAR) VA was 2.3 (2-2.3; Snellen: HM). The median logMAR VA improved to 0.14 (Snellen: 20/100), at the most-recent follow-up (p<0.001, Hodges-Lehmann estimator:1.56, 95% confidence interval -1.30 to -1.71). There was no statistically significant difference in VA outcomes and the complication rates, including cystoid macular edema, corneal edema, and retinal detachment, regardless of technique or timing of SFIOL insertion., Conclusions: In this retrospective study with small sample size, similar visual acuity outcomes and complication rates were observed regardless of the timing or technique of SFIOL insertion.

Purpose: To compare visual outcomes and recurrence rates between pro re nata (PRN), treat-and-extend and stop (TES), and treat-and-extend with chronic maintenance dosing (TEM) regimens of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) injections for myopic macular neovascularization (MNV) in multiethnic patients., Methods: This retrospective study included patients treated with PRN, TES, or TEM for myopic MNV using intravitreal bevacizumab or ranibizumab. The primary outcome measure was visual improvement at 12 months., Results: We included 127 eyes of 117 patients (75 females and 42 males). The mean follow-up duration was 37.9 months. We compared the outcomes of PRN (47 eyes [37%]), TES (52 eyes [41%]), and TEM (28 eyes [22%]). All groups showed significant visual improvement at 12 months and at the final follow-up (all P<0.05). Visual outcomes did not differ significantly between the three groups at 12 months and final follow-up (all P>0.05). However, the number of eyes with recurrences was significantly higher in the PRN group and significantly lower in the TEM group during follow-up (38%, 21%, and 11% in the PRN, TES, and TEM groups, respectively; P=0.020). The PRN group received the fewest injections during follow-up (5.3, 10.9, and 19.9 injections in the PRN, TES, and TEM groups respectively; P<0.001)., Conclusions: Anti-VEGF injections with PRN, TES, or TEM regimens are effective for myopic MNV and have comparable visual outcomes. Since PRN provides favorable outcomes with fewer injections, it should be the first-line approach. However, a treat-and-extend approach with TES and TEM may be an option given individual patient factors.

Purpose: To investigate outcomes of suprachoroidal triamcinolone acetonide (XIPERE, Bausch + Lomb) for the treatment of refractory postoperative cystoid macular edema., Methods: Medical records of patients receiving suprachoroidal triamcinolone acetonide for postoperative cystoid macular edema were reviewed. Primary outcomes were visual acuity and central foveal thickness., Results: A total of 32 eyes from 32 patients with a median (interquartile range) follow-up duration of 6 (2-7) months and 1 (1-2) suprachoroidal triamcinolone acetonide injection were included; 19 (59.4%) had a history of vitrectomy. The median (interquartile range) central foveal thickness decreased from 492 (379-629) µm to 267 (187-388) µm at 1 month (P < 0.001), 362 (218-521) µm at 3 months (P = 0.005), and 339 (206-514) µm at the final visit (P < 0.001). The median logarithm of the minimal angle of resolution visual acuity improved from 0.65 (0.48-0.97, 20/89) at baseline to 0.54 (0.35-0.88, 20/69) (P = 0.058) at 1 month, 0.54 (0.33-0.84, 20/69) at 3 months (P = 0.121), and 0.60 (0.33-0.88, 20/80) at the final visit (P = 0.021). Vitrectomized eyes had similar findings. Six eyes (18.8%) developed elevated intraocular pressure (>24 mmHg) (range: 25-49 mmHg) with a median intraocular pressure elevation of 13.5 mmHg compared with baseline, and all had prior glaucoma or ocular hypertension., Conclusion: Suprachoroidal triamcinolone acetonide reduced macular edema and improved vision in refractory postoperative cystoid macular edema, including vitrectomized eyes. Intraocular pressure should be monitored, especially in those with a history of glaucoma or ocular hypertension.

Purpose: To report the outcomes of pars plana vitrectomy for vitreous hemorrhage (VH) associated with retinal vein occlusion and to identify prognostic indicators., Methods: Interventional, retrospective consecutive case series between 2015 and 2021., Results: The study included 138 eyes of 138 patients (64 female and 74 male); 81 patients had branch retinal vein occlusion and 57 had central retinal vein occlusion. The mean age was 69.8 years. The mean duration between the diagnosis of VH and surgery was 79.6 ± 115.3 (range, 1-572) days. The mean follow-up was 27.2 months. The logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution visual acuity significantly improved from 1.95 ± 0.72 (Snellen equivalent, 20/1782) to 0.99 ± 0.87 (20/195) at 6 months and to 1.06 ± 0.96 (20/230) at the final visit (both P < 0.001). The visual acuity at 6 months improved by three or more lines in 103 eyes (75%). Postoperative complications during follow-up included recurrent VH in 16 eyes (12%) (of which 8 eyes underwent reoperations), rhegmatogenous retinal detachment in six eyes (4%), and new neovascular glaucoma in three eyes (2%). Worse final visual acuity was significantly associated with older age ( P = 0.007), concurrent neovascular glaucoma ( P < 0.001), central retinal vein occlusion ( P < 0.001), worse preoperative visual acuity ( P < 0.001), postoperative new neovascular glaucoma ( P = 0.021), and postoperative retinal detachment ( P < 0.001). The duration of VH was not associated with visual outcomes ( P = 0.684). Preoperative antivascular endothelial growth factor injections and tamponade did not prevent postoperative recurrent VH., Conclusion: Pars plana vitrectomy is effective for VH associated with retinal vein occlusion, regardless of the duration of hemorrhage. However, pre-existing risk factors and postoperative sequelae may limit visual recovery.