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In the realm of chemistry, increased energy consumption as a result of population development and industrialisation necessitates the usage of renewable energy sources. Nonrenewable energy sources emit not only greenhouse gases but also other toxic pollutants that harm all living creatures. This clearly necessitates the employment of an ecologically acceptable and cost-effective renewable energy source by the researchers. The Knoevenagel-Michael cyclocondensation of aldehyde derivatives, malononitrile, and barbituric acid/1,3-dimethylbarbituric acid via a three-condensation domino reaction can be used to create pyrano[2,3-d]pyrimidine scaffolds. This study establishes solar energy as a novel renewable energy source for the synthesis of pyrano[2,3-d]pyrimidine scaffolds under catalyst-solvent-free conditions, with excellent yields, reaction time savings, and atom economy. This reaction was carried out on a range of substrates with the use of a renewable energy source (sunlight) and a relatively simple experimental setup. The reaction was extremely fast, and there was no need for a solvent or chromatographic purification. According to a multigram scale reaction of model substrates, this reaction might be scaled up without affecting the outcome. Furthermore, the approach's broad applicability was proved by its usage to synthesis real-world pharmaceutical molecules. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, the surface of Fe3O4 nanoparticles was functionalized with the glycine, furfural, and cobalt (II) nitrate hexahydrate to synthesize a novel support nanocatalyst (Fe3O4@gly@Furfural@Co(NO3)2). The characteristics of the nanocatalyst were confirmed by various techniques, such as energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), Fourier transform infrared spectrometer, EDX mapping, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, thermal gravimetric/derivative thermal gravimetric, vibrating sample magnetometer, and TEM. Finally, the performance of the nanocatalyst was investigated for the one-pot multicomponent synthesis of benzo[b]pyran and pyrano[2,3-d] pyrimidine derivatives. The good–excellent yield of the products was achieved in a green solvent under mild conditions at short reaction time. In addition, the green heterogeneous catalyst has features, such as environmental friendliness, easy separation from the reaction mixture by an external magnet, high catalytic activity, and reusability up to 6 stages without significant reduction of its catalytic activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, MnCoFe2O4@ovalbumin nanoparticles were synthesized using MnCoFe2O4 MNPs and egg white nano-ovalbumin. The surface of MnCoFe2O4 MNPs was activated with trisodium citrate anhydrou to improve the fabrication of nano-ovalbumin on MCF MNPs. The structure of these nanoparticles was properly characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Scanning electron microscope, X-ray powder diffraction, Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, Transmission electron microscopy, Thermogravimetric, and Vibrating sample magnetometer. The catalytic activity of the MnCoFe2O4@ovalbumin nanoparticles was evaluated for the synthesis of pyrimido[4,5-d]pyrimidine derivatives via multi-component reaction of aldehyde, barbituric acid, urea, or thiourea under solvent-free condition. The desired products were prepared using an environmentally friendly method. Short reaction time, high efficiency, and easy work-up are some advantages of this procedure. This heterogeneous nanocatalyst can be easily recovered by a magnetic field and used at least six times without considerable loss of its activity. Also, MCF@OVL MNPs exhibited a CO2 adsorption capacity about 9.35 mmol/g at 25 °C. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this research, highly efficient protocols for the production of pyrido[2,3-d:6,5-d′]dipyrimidine and bis(pyrazolyl)methane derivatives using an acid ionic liquid namely [Et3N-SO3H][MeSO3] have been reported (bis(pyrazolyl)methanes have been produced via two methods, the pseudo three-component and the pseudo five-component reactions). [Et3N-SO3H][MeSO3] was superior than many of the reported catalysts in terms of two or more of these factors: turnover frequency (TOF), turnover number (TON), the reaction temperature, yield, the reaction time, simplicity in workup, and the reaction conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Herein, a novel series of chromenopyrido[3,2-e]isothiazolo[2,3-a]pyrimidines were synthesized by a three-component reaction of 4-hydroxy coumarin, aromatic aldehydes, and 5-amino-2,3-dihydro-7H-thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidin-7-one under catalyst-free conditions in PEG 400 as a green solvent. The optimal reaction condition of this reaction was determined. The obtained product's structure was elucidated via NMR, IR, mass spectra, and elemental analysis techniques. This protocol has various advantages: excellent yields, short reaction times, no column chromatography, and green reaction media. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

2-Cyanopyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine derivative 3 reacted with some aromatic aldehydes, arenediazonium salts, hydrazine hydrate, and guanidine hydrochloride to create a series of novel pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine derivatives. Spectroscopic data confirmed the structure of the newly synthesized compounds. Some target compounds were tested in vitro for anticancer efficacy against three cancer cell lines: HepG-2, MCF-7, and Hela. On the most efficient anticancer compounds 6b,c, 6f, and 6h,i, the CDK-2 enzyme was evaluated. Using the HepG-2 cancer cell line, compounds 6b and 6i demonstrated the most effective inhibitory activity against CDK-2, with IC50 values of 0.199 ± 0.005 μg/ml and IC50 = 0.206 ± 0.007 μg/ml, respectively, compared to Dinaciclib and Roscovitine, which had IC50 values of 0.021 ± 0.002 and 0.230 ± 0.007 μg/ml, respectively. In cell cycle assay, compounds 6b, 6f and 6i arrest cell cycle at G2/M, G1/S and G2/M phases, respectively. Compound 6f has a stronger apoptosis induction effect (27.82%) than compounds 6b (7.92%) and 6i (19.21%). Also, silico studies (Molecular docking and Lipinski's rules) for compounds 6b, 6f and 6i were carried out. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Functionalized SBA-15 (immobilization of Pd on the modified SBA-15) has been used as an efficient catalyst for the preparation of spiroindolines by multi-component reactions of isatins, cyclic-1,3-diketones, and 6-amino-1,3-dimethyluracil under ultrasonic irradiation in water. The catalyst has been characterized by X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), N2 adsorption analysis, temperature-programmed desorption (TPD), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The advantages of this method include the reusability of the catalyst, low catalyst loading, excellent yields in short reaction times and easy separation of products, and use of ultrasonic irradiation as a valuable and powerful technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]